THE IRISH QUESTION

In the nineteenth century, as Britain became the world's most powerful industrial empire, Ireland starved. The Great Famine fractured long-held assumptions about political economy and 'civilisation', threatening disorder in Britain itself. Ireland was a laboratory for empire, shaping British ideas about colonisation, population, ecology and work.Scanlan reinterprets the history of this time and the result is a revelatory account of the Irish Great Famine (1845-1851). In the first half of the nineteenth century, nowhere in Europe - or the world - did the working poor depend as completely on potatoes as in Ireland. To many British observers, potatoes were evidence of a lack of modernity and 'civilization' among the Irish. Ireland before the Famine, however, more closely resembled capitalism's future than its past. Irish labourers were paid some of the lowest wages in the British empire, and relied on the abundance of the potato to survive. Scanlan expertly shows how the staggering inequality, pervasive debt, outrageous rent-gouging, precarious employment, and vulnerability to changes in commodity prices that torment so many in the twenty-first century were rehearsed in the Irish countryside before the potatoes failed.