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List of Contents.- Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus and Immunology.- Innate Immune Responses to LCMV Infections: Natural Killer Cells and Cytokines.- Bystander T Cell Activation and Attrition.- Immunocytotherapy.- Mechanisms of Humoral Immunity Explored Through Studies of LCMV Infection.- Biology and Pathogenesis of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection.- Contribution of LCMV Transgenic Models to Understanding T Lymphocyte Development, Activation, Tolerance, and Autoimmunity.- Regulation of Virally Induced Autoimmunity and Immunopathology: Contribution of LCMV Transgenic Models to Understanding Autoimmune Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus.- LCMV and the Central Nervous System: Uncovering Basic Principles of CNS Physiology and Virus-Induced Disease.- Contribution of LCMV Towards Deciphering Biology of Quasispecies in Vivo.- Designing Arenaviral Vaccines.- Junin Virus Vaccines.

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that affects half a billion people. It has been estimated that, if current trends continue, by 2050, 60% of men and 50% of women worldwide will be obese. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of white adipose tissue caused by overweight and obesity lead to a chronic inflammatory state, which results in impaired insulin sensitivity and the development of diabetes. Currently, the number of people affected by diabetes globally exceeds 400 million (rising more rapidly in low- and middle-income countries). In 2019, diabetes was the ninth leading cause of mortality, with an estimated 1.5 million direct deaths.This book provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between inflammation, obesity, and diabetes. It focuses on the pathogenesis and biological mechanisms of obesity, the interaction between adipose tissue and the immune system, the role of genetic and environmental factors, the progression of cardiovascular complications, and the association of obesity and inflammation with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as well as gestational diabetes. This volume also includes practical recommendations for preventing and managing these conditions using both lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions.Written by experts in the field, Obesity, Diabetes and Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Management addresses the role of inflammation in both obesity and diabetes, its effect on vascular and non-vascular pathologies, oxidative stress, genetics, and epigenetics. This text aims to be a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and students of medicine at all levels.

I. Harmonic Analysis on Unitary Groups.- 0. Preliminary.- 1. Abel Summation of Fourier Series on Unitary Groups.- 2. Cesàro Summations of Fourier Series on Unitary Groups.- 3. Partial Sum of Fourier Series on Unitary Groups.- 4. On Peter-Weyl Theorem.- 5. Spherical Summation of Fourier Series on Unitary Groups.- II. Harmonic Analysis on Rotation Groups.- 6. Abel Summation of Fourier Series on Rotation Groups.- 7. Cesàro Summation of Fourier Series on Rotation Groups.- 8. Partial Sum of Fourier Series on Rotation Groups.- 9. Spherical Summation of Fourier Series on Rotation Groups.- III. Harmonic Analysis on Unitary Symplectic Groups.- 10. The Volume of Unitary Symplectic Group and Criteria of Convergence of Fourier Series.- 11. Cesàro and Abel Summation of Fourier Series on Unitary Symplectic Groups.- 12. Spherical Summation of Fourier Series on Unitary Symplectic Groups.- 13. Harmonic Analysis in Classical Domains on Quaternion Field.- Epilogue.- References.

1 Einführung.- 2 Produktion und Inlandsverbleib.- 3 Bedeutung und Entwicklungstendenzen.- 4 Verarbeitung und Anwendung.- 5 PVC-Geschichte.- 6 PVC und Umwelt.- 7 Schlußfolgerungen und Handlungsempfehlungen.- Literatur.

Armenia is a small landlocked mountainous country located in the Southern Caucasus. It is a typical mountainous country, having its lowest point of 375m above sea level and culminating at 4095m with an average altitude of 1850m, where the landscapes and ecosystems form a complex multi-functional system. In general, the ecosystems of Armenia are characterized by a number of peculiarities, which all together contribute to formation of rich and unique biodiversity. On the small territory of Armenia (less than 30 thousand km2) there are about 3800 species of vascular plants (about a half of the whole Caucasian flora), 428 species of soil and water algae, 399 species of mosses, 4207 species of fungi, 464 species of lichens, 549 species of vertebrates and about 17200 species of invertebrates. The biodiversity of Armenia is notable for high endemism: about 500 species of fauna (about 3% of the fauna) and 147 species of flora (3.8% of total flora) are considered endemics. Such a high level of endemism is typical only for some of the large islands. Due to the huge variety of climates (from dry subtropics to cold alpine) and soil conditions all the main Caucasian ecosystems (besides humid subtropics) are represented in Armenia - deserts and semi-deserts, steppes, meadow-steppes, forests and open woodlands, sub-alpine and alpine vegetation as well as intrazonal ecosystems. Therefore Armenia is a biodiversity hotspot both within the Caucasian ecoregion and around the globe. This book compiles, summarizes and analyzes data on flora, fauna and mycobiota of Armenia, with a special focus on the impact of forecasted climate change on biodiversity and ecosystems of the region.

This book is a comprehensive guide to the essentials of arterial, venous, wound care, and multidisciplinary approaches to prevent major amputation and manage patients with critical limb threatening ischemia (CLTI). Limb preservation has become increasingly prioritized as endovascular techniques, equipment, understanding of multidisciplinary wound care, and other medical treatments have rapidly evolved. Quite often, these patients have CLTI, which is a primarily chronic arterial disease that carries a higher mortality rate than most cancers and cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, complex venous issues contribute to patients losing their limbs, causing significant morbidity to patients and immense cost to the medical system. Many of these patients have diabetes, kidney problems, and hypertension. Due to the advances in the treatment of CLTI and complex venous diseases, medical professionals have been able to decrease major amputations, which cause the higher mortality rate described above. The knowledge of all the approaches, techniques, and management of these patients, however, has been slow to be disseminated.Acting as a structured journey to all aspects of limb preservation, this book begins by covering the basics of understanding wound care patients. This involves beginning wound care management and properly diagnosing the potential underlying processes with non-invasive imaging. From here, clinical pearls and detailed guidance on considering arterial, venous, and lymphatic therapies are covered. Chapters then move into arterial and venous treatment algorithms, from unique to complex approaches, technique tips and tricks, infection and complication management, and future options. Understanding some of the newer approaches such as deep vein arterialization and hybrid surgical approaches is integral in the discussion. Finally, authors cover evaluating the wound post-procedure and long-term, deciding when re-intervention/surgery or amputation(and which type) is needed, and how to tackle the medication management of these complex patients (such as antiplatelets, anticoagulation, diabetes, and nutrition). Chapters are written by a multidisciplinary group of experts, all with an eye towards limb preservation.This is an ideal guide for endovascular specialists, surgeons, podiatrists, infectious disease specialists, and endocrinologists to be able to successfully increase the likeliness of limb preservation for their patients with CLTI and related conditions.

Introduction. Birth of Dopamine: A Cinderella Saga (by A. Carlsson) 1. Brain Dopamine - A Historical Perspective 2. The Place of Dopamine Neurons within the Organisation of the Forebrain 3. Synaptology of Dopamine Neurons 4. D1-Dopamine Receptors: Molecular Biology and Pharmacology 5. Understanding the Function of the Dopamine D2 Receptor 6. The Dopamine D3 Receptor and its Implications in Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Their Treatments 7. Dopamine D4 Receptors: Molecular Biology and Pharmacology 8. Signal Transduction of Dopamine D1 Receptors 9. The Dopamine Transporter: Molecular Biology, Pharmacology and Genetics 10. Cellular Actions of Dopamine 11. Dopamine and Gene Expression

This edited volume addresses the theoretical and historical foundations of the German Social Market Economy. Written to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the establishment of the Social Market Economy, chapter contributions discuss the ideas of its theoretical founders--Walter Eucken, Alfred Müller-Armack, Wilhelm Röpke, and Franz Böhm--as well as related influences such as Ordoliberalism, the historical school of economics, and the Catholic social doctrine. In addition, chapters analyze differences and parallels to alternative policy concepts, in particular Keynesianism. Finally, the volume turns toward contemporary discussions of the Social Market Economy in the present political and economic context, specifically its ability to cope with current challenges. Providing rich context for the establishment of Germany's contemporary economic system, this volume will be of interest to researchers and students of political, social and economic systems, the history of economicthought, and political history.

Die deutschen Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Kliniken.- Arnstadt.- Aue.- Augsburg.- Bad Hersfeld.- Bad Lippspringe.- Bad Saarow-Pieskow.- Bad Salzungen.- Bautzen.- Berlin.- Berlin.- Berlin.- Berlin.- Berlin.- Berlin.- Berlin.- Berlin.- Berlin.- Berlin.- Berlin.- Berlin.- Bielefeld.- Bitterfeld.- Bonn-Bad Godesberg.- Borna.- Brandenburg.- Braunschweig.- Bremen.- Bremen.- Bremen.- Bremerhaven.- Buchholz.- Chemnitz.- Cottbus.- Darmstadt.- Dessau.- Dortmund.- Dortmund.- Dresden.- Düsseldorf.- Düsseldorf.- Düsseldorf.- Duisburg.- Eberswalde.- Erfurt.- Essen.- Essen.- Frankfurt/Main.- Frankfurt/Main.- Frankfurt/Oder.- Fulda.- Gelsenkirchen.- Gera.- Gerolzhofen.- Görlitz.- Güstrow.- Gummersbach.- Hagen.- Halberstadt.- Halle/Saale.- Hamburg.- Hamburg.- Hamburg.- Hamburg.- Hamburg.- Hamburg.- Hamburg.- Hamm.- Hannover.- Heilbronn.- Hennigsdorf.- Hettstedt.- Hoyerswerda.- Kaiserslautern.- Karlsruhe.- Karlsruhe.- Karlsruhe.- Kassel.- Koblenz.- Koblenz.- Köln.- Köln.- Köln.- Königs Wusterhausen.- Krefeld.- Lahr.- Leipzig.- Leipzig.- Ludwigshafen.- Lübben.- Lübeck.- Lüdenscheid.- Magdeburg.- Minden/Westfalen.- Mönchengladbach.- München.- München.- Neubrandenburg.- Neuruppin.- Neuss.- Nordhausen.- Nürnberg.- Oldenburg.- Oldenburg.- Osnabrück.- Pforzheim.- Pirna.- Plauen.- Potsdam.- Quedlinburg.- Radebeul.- Recklinghausen.- Remscheid.- Ribnitz-Damgarten.- Riesa.- Rotenburg (Wümme).- Rüsselsheim.- Saarbrücken.- Schwedt/Oder.- Schwerin.- Siegen.- Solingen.- Stade.- Stollberg/Erzgebirge.- Stralsund.- Straubing.- Stuttgart.- Stuttgart.- Stuttgart.- Suhl.- Templin.- Trier.- Ulm.- Waren (Müritz).- Weimar.- Wiesbaden.- Winsen (Luhe).- Wolfsburg.- Wolmirstedt.- Wuppertal.- Wuppertal.- Zeitz.- Zwickau.- Namenverzeichnisu.- Firmenportraits.

This book presents the development of oceanography of European regional and coastal seas over the last 50 years. It describes the evolution of scientific practice alongside the technological development of measurements and computer modelling. Emphasis is placed on transformation of basic research into applied science and services. This reflects the growing public awareness of ocean issues. The recent advancements in the field of operational oceanography are presented as an important scientific response to the needs of environmental protection and sustainable development. The book could be of interest to scientists and students in various fields of oceanography, to practitioners in the field, and to the general readership interested in environmental sciences.

This textbook provides an introduction to common concepts in biosignal acquisition and processing, rooted in a Project-Based Learning (PBL). A series of exercises and corresponding solutions is described, with a focus on common problems that new entrants encounter in the undergraduate and graduate curriculums in biomedical engineering, psychophysiology, human-computer interaction, physiotherapy, and others developing work in the boundary between biosignal acquisition and other disciplines. Solutions include both hardware and software components, encompassing sensor design, biosignals acquisition using the Arduino and BITalino platforms, Python for signal processing, analysis, and knowledge extraction, including also HTML/CSS/JavaScript for user interface design. All the content is supported with rich graphics, source code, and other useful resources made available to the interested reader. This is an ideal book for undergraduate students and practitioners (across disciplines) who are studying or working in the field of biomedical signal acquisition, processing, and analysis.

Older adults represent the most rapidly growing demographic in the U.S. and in many developed countries around the world. The field of geriatric medicine is still relatively young, and is only recently seeing a significant increase in peer reviewed literature. Medicare and Medicaid expenditures related to older adults are nearly a trillion dollars/year in the US. How our healthcare system cares for older adults, and how those older adults navigate an increasingly complex system, is of the utmost importance. According to the Institute of Medicine, physicians and other healthcare professionals receive an inadequate amount of training in geriatric medicine. Geriatric medicine is based on the concept of delivering person centered care with a focus on function and quality of life. It is essential that physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, pharmacists, social workers and other health care professionals all be knowledgeable about the geriatric approach to care.Geriatric medicine varies from most other fields in medicine. While many specialties function on the basis of evidence-based literature, geriatricians and other clinicians caring for older adults must integrate relatively limited evidence with variable physiological changes and complex psychosocial determinants. Geriatricians are used to caring for 90 year olds with multiple chronic illnesses. Their variable physiology leads to uncertain responses to pharmacotherapy, and their personal goals and wishes need to be incorporated into any plan of care. Practicing geriatric medicine requires the ability to see patterns. But it goes one step further, as the rules are constantly in flux. Every patient is an individual with particular needs and goals. In order to provide true person centered care to older adults, one has to incorporate these factors into the decision making process. The proposed handbook is designed to present a comprehensive and state-of the-art update that incorporates existing literature with clinical experience. Basic science and the physiology of aging create a background, but are not the main focus. This is because every chapter has been written through the lens of "person centered care." This book is about focusing on what matters to the person, and how that is not always about pathology and physiology. The reader generally will not find simple solutions to symptoms, diseases and syndromes. In fact, the key to caring for geriatric patients is the ability to think both critically and divergently at the same time. Geriatrics encompasses multiple disciplines and spans all of the subspecialties. It requires knowledge of working within an interdisciplinary team. It requires an appreciation of how quality of life varies with each individual and creates treatment and care plans that also vary. And most of all, it requires a firm commitment to first learning who the person is so that all of the necessary data can be analyzed and integrated into a true person centered plan of care. This book aims to serve as an unparalleled resource for meeting these challenges. Updated and revised from the previous edition, this text features over 40 new peer-reviewed chapters, new references, and a wide array of useful new tools that are updated on a regular basis by interdisciplinary and interprofessional experts in geriatric medicine.

1 Methoden.- 1.1 Elektroenzephalographie (EEG).- 1.1.1 Einführung.- 1.1.2 Entstehungsmechanismen des EEG.- 1.1.3 Methodik der EEG-Ableitung.- 1.1.4 Das normale EEG.- 1.1.5 Pathologische EEG-Veränderungen.- 1.1.6 Diagnostisch relevante EEG-Befunde.- 1.1.7 EEG-Indikationen im Intensivbereich.- 1.2 Ultraschalldiagnostik.- 1.2.1 Physikalische und apparative Voraussetzungen.- 1.2.2 Anatomische und physiologische Voraussetzungen.- 1.2.3 Untersuchungsgang.- 1.2.4 Indikationen der Ultraschalldiagnostik in der Intensivmedizin.- 1.3 Somatosensibel evozierte Potentiale (SEP).- 1.3.1 Einführung.- 1.3.2 Methodik.- 1.3.3 Ursprungsorte der SEP-Komponenten.- 1.3.4 Auswertung und Normwerte.- 1.3.5 Ausfallsmuster bei typischen Schädigungsorten.- 1.3.6 Indikationen zur Ableitung von SEP.- 1.4 Frühe akustisch evozierte Potentiale (FAEP).- 1.4.1 Einführung.- 1.4.2 Methodik.- 1.4.3 Generatoren des FAEP.- 1.4.4 Auswertung und Normwerte.- 1.4.5 Lokalisationsdiagnostische Bedeutung der FAEP.- 1.4.6 Indikationen zur Ableitung von FAEP.- 1.5 Motorisch evozierte Potentiale (MEP).- 1.5.1 Einführung.- 1.5.2 Wirkungsweise der Magnetstimulation.- 1.5.3 Methodik.- 1.5.4 Auswertung.- 1.5.5 Kontraindikationen.- 1.5.6 Besonderheiten der MEP-Untersuchung auf der Intensivstation.- 1.5.7 Einsatz der MEP auf der neurologischen Intensivstation und im Neuromonitoring.- 1.6 Visuell evozierte Potentiale (VEP).- 1.6.1 Einführung.- 1.6.2 Anatomische und physiologische Grundlagen.- 1.6.3 Technische Durchführung.- 1.6.4 Auswertung.- 1.6.5 Beeinflussung der VEP.- 1.6.6 Indikationen für VEP-Ableitung in der Intensivmedizin.- 1.7 Elektromyographie (EMG) und Neurographie.- 1.7.1 Einführung.- 1.7.2 Elektromyographie.- 1.7.3 Motorische Neurographie.- 1.7.4 Sensible Neurographie.- 1.7.5 Prüfung der neuromuskulären Überleitung.- 1.7.6 F-Antworten.- 1.7.7 Reflexmessungen.- 1.8 Untersuchung des autonomen Nervensystems.- 1.8.1 Anatomie.- 1.8.2 Physiologie.- 1.8.3 Methodik: Grundlagen.- 1.8.4 Pathophysiologie.- 1.8.5 Methodik: Analyse der Herzfrequenzvariabilität.- 1.8.6 Allgemeine Befunde.- 1.8.7 Blutdruckmonitoring.- 1.8.8 Methodik: Sympathische Hautreaktion.- 1.9 Exogene und endogene Einflüsse auf neurophysiologische Parameter.- 1.9.1 Einführung.- 1.9.2 Exogene Einflüsse.- 1.9.3 Endogene Einflüsse.- 2 Neuromonitoring bei Intensivtherapiepflichtigen Erkrankungen.- 2.1 Schädel-Hirn-Trauma.- 2.1.1 Einführung.- 2.1.2 Pathophysiologie.- 2.1.3 Klinische Diagnostik.- 2.1.4 Radiologische Diagnostik.- 2.1.5 Neurophysiologische Diagnostik.- 2.2 Hypoxisch-ischämische Hirnschädigung.- 2.2.1 Einführung.- 2.2.2 Ursachen und Pathophysiologie.- 2.2.3 Klinisches Erscheinungsbild.- 2.2.4 Prognose aufgrund der klinischen Untersuchung.- 2.2.5 Bedeutung neurophysiologischer Methoden für Diagnostik, Verlauf und Prognose.- 2.2.6 Andere Untersuchungen.- 2.3 Intrakranielle Blutungen.- 2.3.1 Einführung.- 2.3.2 Infratentorielle intrazerebrale Blutungen.- 2.3.3 Supratentorielle intrazerebrale Blutungen.- 2.3.4 Subarachnoidalblutungen.- 2.4 Hirninfarkt.- 2.4.1 Einführung.- 2.4.2 Klinische und radiologische Klassifikation der Hirninfarkte.- 2.4.3 Ultraschalldiagnostik.- 2.4.4 Elektroenzephalographie (EEG).- 2.4.5 Frühe akustisch evozierte Potentiale (FAEP).- 2.4.6 Motorisch evozierte Potentiale (MEP).- 2.4.7 Somatosensibel evozierte Potentiale (SEP).- 2.5 Meningoenzephalitis.- 2.5.1 Einführung.- 2.5.2 Bedeutung neurophysiologischer Methoden für Verlauf und Prognose.- 2.6 Metabolische und septische Enzephalopathien.- 2.6.1 Einführung.- 2.6.2 Hepatische Enzephalopathie.- 2.6.3 Urämische Enzephalopathie und Dysequilibrium-Syndrom.- 2.6.4 Hypoglykämie.- 2.6.5 Hyperglykämie und hyperosmolares Koma.- 2.6.6 Elektrolytstörungen.- 2.6.7 Schilddrüsenfunktionsstörungen.- 2.6.8 Weitere metabolische Enzephalopathien.- 2.6.9 Septische Enzephalopathie.- 2.7 Toxische Enzephalopathien.- 2.7.1 Einführung.- 2.7.2 Intoxikation mit Barbituraten und Benzodiazepinen.- 2.7.3 Intoxikation mit Neurol

This book discusses how aspects of connectedness, resilience and empowerment are intertwined in community development processes. It explicitly brings together these elements in the context of community development and well-being, helping foster an understanding of how each influences the other. With chapters contributed by scholars from around the globe, this volume provides insights into how these elements of community influence and support the quality of life of communities. While several of the chapters address the foundational and theoretical bases of community development as well as community well-being, others address topical and emergent areas of interest in community development practice and scholarship. Underscoring the chapters is an awareness of the importance of the community spirit, which is the voice and agency of people coming together to encourage social transformation. A key element of the book is also to help foster change for the better in communities. This book is of interest to researchers and professionals working in the area of community engagement and development, particularly those in resource-poor countries.

This edited book explores the breadth of approaches undertaken by scientists, artists and communicators in their crucial role making science accessible, engaging and impactful. Contemporary approaches in science illustration and visualization include a variety of creative methodologies that are valuable for effective communication, teaching, learning and professional practice. These range in method from anatomical drawings used in medical curricula, to 2D animations and editorial illustrations available in the public realm. They also include unexpected approaches such as the use of tabletop board games, comics and collage in understanding our bodies, emergent health threats and cutting-edge science developments. If you are a scientist seeking to enhance your ability to communicate your research or an artist interested in biomedical visualization, this volume serves as an introduction to contemporary approaches in science illustration and communication. By understanding the creative methods and techniques employed in this field, we can collectively work towards fostering a deeper appreciation of art in science, and continue to captivate and inspire audiences worldwide.

Defined as solutions of linear differential or difference equations with polynomial coefficients, D-finite functions play an important role in various areas of mathematics. This book is a comprehensive introduction to the theory of these functions with a special emphasis on computer algebra algorithms for computing with them: algorithms for detecting relations from given data, for evaluating D-finite functions, for executing closure properties, for obtaining various kinds of ¿explicit¿ expressions, for factoring operators, and for definite and indefinite symbolic summation and integration are explained in detail.The book comes ¿with batteries included¿ in the sense that it requires no background in computer algebra as the relevant facts from this area are summarized in the beginning. This makes the book accessible to a wide range of readers, from mathematics students who plan to work themselves on D-finite functions to researchers who want to apply the theory to their own work. Hundreds of exercises invite the reader to apply the techniques in the book and explore further aspects of the theory on their own. Solutions to all exercises are given in the appendix.When algorithms for D-finite functions came up in the early 1990s, computer proofs were met with a certain skepticism. Fortunately, these times are over and computer algebra has become a standard tool for many mathematicians. Yet, this powerful machinery is still not as widely known as it deserves. This book helps to spread the word that certain tasks can be safely delegated to a computer algebra system, and also what the limitations of these techniques are.

1. Aerosol Delivery Systems in Children.- 2. Nedocromil Sodium in Children.- 3. Corticosteroids in Pediatric Asthma.- 4. Viral Pneumonia and Antiviral Therapy in Children.- 5. Anti-inflammatory Therapies for Chronic Lung Diseases in Children.- 6. Treatment of Acute Life-Threatening Asthma in Children.- 7. Mucoactive Agents: Old and New.- 8. Aerosol Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis.- 9. Surfactant Replacement Therapies in Children.- 10. Gene Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease.- 11. New Therapies for Asthma.- 12. The Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nitric Oxide in the Lung.- 13. Pharmacological Strategies for the Treatment of the Basic Defect in Cystic Fibrosis.

This book should represent a guideline for launching an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) program. It describes in detail particularities and special features of planning, setting up, developing, structuring and maintaining of ECMO support program for instable patients with the need of transportation from peripheral hospitals to an experienced ECMO centre for further treatment.Authors have condensed both the current evidence and Guidelines on ECMO and eCPR support and have highlighted in detail the issue of planning, setting up, developing, structuring and maintaining this program with the view to helping other centres launching this life-saving service taking into account their experience in this important field of medicine. In this context, the main benefit of this book is the outstanding and particular aim to educate the reader in developing and maintaining a large-spectrum ECMO program. The volume, richly illustrated and written by KOLs using an expository writing style to promote the readability will appeal to intensivists, anesthesiologists and cardiologists as well as cardiac- and thoracic-surgeons and pneumologists

This volume assembles supporters and critics of situated cognition research to evaluate the intricacies, prerequisites, possibilities, and scope of a 4E methodology. The contributions are divided into three categories. The first category entails papers dealing with a 4E methodology from the perspective of epistemology and philosophy of science. It discusses whether to support explanatory pluralism or explanatory unification and focuses on possible compromises between ecological psychology and enactivism. The second category addresses ontological questions regarding the synchronic and diachronic constitution of cognitive phenomena, the localization of cognitive processes, and the theoretical issue of mutual manipulability. The third category analyzes how the theoretical and practical commitments of 4E approaches lead to empirically supported investigations of different phenomena, such as research on affordances and (chronic) pain. The book renews attention to the possible adverse consequences coming along with methodical fragmentation, as found among 4E positions. It provides an overdue first step towards a systematic and positive answer to methodological concerns in situated cognition research. Without this and further steps in the future, the growth of 4E¿s significance for the scientific study of the mind might stall or even decrease. With such steps, situated cognition research could realize its frequently highlighted but so far not comprehensively accessed potential to change radically the modalities of how cognitive phenomena are studied. This volume is of interest to scholars of the philosophy of mind.

Arbitration is facing revolutionary changes due to new technologies' irruption into the entire arbitration proceeding. Wide-ranging technical-legal concepts such as e-discovery, e-hearing, cyber-security protocol, e-deliberations, algorithmic decision-making and digital signing have become part of life. Technology's impact on arbitration is unlikely to decrease after the COVID crisis; on the contrary, how the arbitration community positions itself vis-à-vis technology will be a key factor in determining arbitration's future. Faced with this challenging scenario, the book discusses a novel legal topic: arbitrators' relationship with this increasingly ubiquitous, rapidly-changing technology. This innovative book applies journalism's "5 W questions" to the underexplored issue of arbitrators' digital competence. It reaches a workable definition of what digital competence in the current arbitration context is, also providing answers to the essential question of why arbitrators' digital competence is relevant from legal and financial points of view. Attention then shifts to who, with reflections on arbitrators working in a highly technological context and clarification of their relationship with other legal and non-legal actors. The book equally offers an in-depth comparative study of the question of where arbitrators' technological competence is regulated, with critical analysis of soft and hard law provisions that may impose a digital competence duty. Finally, the book specifies when arbitrators need to be digitally competent and develops legal proposals regarding key procedural stages (initial conference, hearings) and legal topics (cybersecurity, data protection). The first study to scrutinise the rapidly changing relationship between arbitrators and technology, the book aims to spark a crucial debate among practitioners and scholars. Academically rigorous and using the latest legal material, it emphasises arbitrators' needs, rights and duties in our technological age, presenting them alongside carefully selected practical topics. The unprecedented and well-grounded proposals for arbitrators' digital competence are intended to be a call to action for its broad target audience.

This comprehensive volume gathers foremost experts on the coral reefs of Cuba who represent a spectrum of disciplines, including biology, conservation ecology, economics and geology. The volume is organized along general themes including the Cuban Reef biota, reefs occurring in the Mesophotic and Eutrophic zones, ecology, conservation, management and the economic importance of the coral reefs of Cuba. The combination of case studies, new and previously published research, historical overview and examples of the ways in which research has contributed to the management and conservation of Cuban coastal resources provides a unique reference for graduate students and professionals holding a wide range of interests and expertise related to coral reef systems.

Are you a current or aspiring Ph.D. student determined to overcome the challenges that lie ahead? Do not let statistics discourage you, because this comprehensive guide is here to help you defy the odds and reach the pinnacle of academic achievement. With failure rates hovering between 40% and 50%, it is crucial to equip yourself with the right skills to ensure your success.In this book, you will embark on a transformative journey toward becoming a confident and accomplished scholar. This book takes a meticulous approach, addressing the six essential skills every Ph.D. student must possess: research, writing, presentation, time management, persistence, and collaboration. Each chapter delves into the significance of these skills within the Ph.D. process, explores the necessary competences, and provides practical strategies for their acquisition.Armed with numerous tips, tricks, and actionable advice, this invaluable resource empowers you to optimize your performance throughout your Ph.D. journey. Within these pages, you will discover how to assess your current skill set, identify areas for improvement, and develop a personalized academic development plan. With the aid of many informative figures and tables, you will find quick and easy access to expert guidance.Do not let uncertainty and self-doubt hinder your progress. ¿Unlocking PhD Success¿ is your roadmap to triumph, supporting you every step of the way as you conquer the challenges of doctoral studies. Embrace this book as your trusted companion, and unlock your full potential as an exceptional Ph.D. candidate.

"Following in the footsteps of Stephen Hawking's 'A brief history of time' and Simon Singh's 'Fermat's Last Theorem' this exceptionally accessible book will you leave marveling at the wonders of the world and, if you didn't listen to your science teachers, wishing you had. Graham writes with the mind of a physicist and the soul of a poet." Nicki Hayes, CCO, The Communications Practice, author of First Aid for Feelings. "Only a few writers have managed to turn the highly technical jargon of science into language accessible for interested lay readers. Isaac Asimov showed us how it could be done, and Carl Zimmer and Brian Greene are continuing today. In Molecular Storms, his first book, Liam Graham has shown that he has the essential quality required to join this group, a love of first learning then explaining how the universe works." David Deamer, Professor of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, author of Assembling Life.Why is the universe the way it is? Wherever we look, we find ordered structures: from stars to planets to living cells. This book shows that the same driving force is behind structure everywhere: the incessant random motion of the components of matter. Physicists call it thermal noise. Let's call it the molecular storm.This storm drives the fusion reactions that make stars shine. It drives whirlpools and currents in atmospheres and oceans. It spins and distorts molecules until they are in the right orientation to react and form new substances. In living cells, it drives proteins to fold and molecules to self-assemble. It is behind every detail of the astonishing molecular machines that control cellular processes. Using cutting-edge research, "Molecular Storms" takes us on a dazzling journey from the early universe to the interior of the smallest living things. There, in a nanoscale world of biological devices, it explains the physics behind the chemical system which we call Life. Whether you're someone with a general interest in science or a student looking to add context to your studies, this book is for you. "Molecular Storms" is an accessible and captivating read that will deepen your appreciation of the power of science to explain the world.

Ongoing Advancements in Philosophy of Mathematics Education approaches the philosophy of mathematics education in a forward movement, analyzing, reflecting, and proposing significant contemporary themes in the field of mathematics education. The theme that gives life to the book is philosophy of mathematics education understood as arising from the intertwining between philosophy of mathematics and philosophy of education which, through constant analytical and reflective work regarding teaching and learning practices in mathematics, is materialized in its own discipline, philosophy of mathematics education. This is the field of investigation of the chapters in the book. The chapters are written by an international cohort of authors, from a variety of countries, regions, and continents. Some of these authors work with philosophical and psychological foundations traditionally accepted by Western civilization. Others expose theoretical foundations based on a new vision and comprising innovative approaches to historical and present-day issues in educational philosophy. The final third of the book is devoted to these unique and innovative research stances towards important and change resistant societal topics such as racism, technology gaps, or the promotion of creativity in the field of mathematics education.

1 Introduction.- 2 Instances of Functional RNA.- 3 Experimental Identification of New Functional RNA.- 4 Computer-Based and Theoretical Identification of Regulatory RNA.- 5 Functional RNA Interactions.- 6 Areas of Research on RNA Motifs and Regulatory Elements.- 7 Outlook.- 8 Figure-Acknowledgement.- 9 References.

This book examines animal research conducted with the goal of medical translation to humans. It is written by Dr. Bradley Weiner, a surgeon who is active at a high level clinically and in biomedical research. After documenting that the vast majority of biomedical animal research fails to result in benefits to humans via translation, the book examines the sources of such failure; including the failure to justify the use of animals, the failure to properly apply scientific methods, the failure to perform the research properly in the lab, the failure to consider the possibility of translation a priori, and systematic sources of failure built into the biomedical research enterprise. The book then explores options to improve the situation, for the benefit of both the animals and humans.

This volume provides an overview of current issues in English as an International Language (EIL) education and critical intercultural literacy pedagogy. The different chapters are inspired by ¿critical interculturality¿ as a decolonial project that seeks to interrogate the structures, conditions, and mechanisms of colonial power relations that still pervade our increasingly globalising postcolonial societies; they tend to perpetuate forms of discrimination such as sexism, racism, classism, heterosexism and linguicism.Divided into five sections, this collection critically examines English Language Teaching textbooks¿ integration of intercultural dimensions, the promotion of intercultural literacy in teacher education programs, the management of cultural diversity in multicultural professional/business and educational situations, and the ¿decolonisation¿ of the curriculum in various global educational and professional situations. The book presents a range of linguistic approaches as a means of examining the nature of intercultural communication pertaining in EIL varied international contexts. The chapters also reflect a wide diversity of perspectives from local contexts with global relevance and applicability.This book is an indispensable reference for business leaders, international relations stakeholders, education and linguistics students, educationists, textbook designers, teacher trainers and researchers of language and culture, critical pedagogy, multiculturalism studies, TESOL and English as a lingua franca (ELF).

This book offers an in-depth analysis of the WTO security exceptions and relevant rulings by WTO dispute settlement panels. The WTO security exceptions are commonly regarded as the "box of Pandora" of the WTO system, since WTO Member States can invoke them in order to justify trade restrictions violating WTO law which they consider necessary for their essential security interests. The Members of the WTO and the GATT 1947 have hesitated for decades to rely on these security exceptions. In recent years, however, these clauses have been invoked for the first time in high-profile disputes involving Russia and Ukraine, Saudi Arabia and Qatar, as well as the US, China, the EU and other nations. This has been regarded as the turn of an era in view of the risk that the security exceptions could be instrumentalized to undermine the WTO and the international economic governance system more generally. This study therefore thoroughly analyses the WTO panel reports issued in these landmark cases. It also explains the geopolitical relevance of the increasing invocation of security clauses and argues that the legally and methodologically sound application of the WTO security exceptions, which have often been regarded as "self-judging" provisions, requires a proportionality analysis encompassing tests of the suitability and necessity of the trade measures to be justified under these truly exceptional clauses.