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This book provides a comprehensive overview of the principles of optical imaging. Targeted at optics and photonics students, it offers a thorough introduction to the field and equips the reader with hands-on training via multiple exercises and case studies.

An introduction to the statistical thermodynamics of phase transitions in crystallized solids, polymers and liquid crystals. Written as an introductory treatise with respect to the soliton concept, the book examines structural transitions where the crystal symmetry changes, magnets and superconductors, and describes the role of nonlinear excitations in detail.

A Course on Digital Image Processing with MATLAB(R) describes the principles and techniques of image processing using MATLAB(R). Every chapter is accompanied by a collection of exercises and programming assignments, the book is augmented with supplementary MATLAB code, and hints and solutions to problems are also provided.

This book is an informal introduction to plasma physics and its space applications for non-specialist professionals and aerospace engineering students.

Measurement of values is fundamental in science and technology. Measurement, Uncertainty and Lasers examines the importance of uncertainty, accuracy and precision of measurement, and explains how laser technology has helped improve measurement and redefine standards. This book discusses SI units, standards and the importance of using lasers for measurement in modern metrology, including the redefinition of SI units over time.

Nano drug-delivery systems responding to cellular local stimuli, such as pH, temperature and reductive agent's activation, i.e. enzymes, could effectively provide passive-mode desirable release but fail in disease treatment following the biological rhythms of brain tumor. This book is a compilation of research development lead by expert researchers and it establishes a single reference module. It addresses, for the first time, all translational aspects and clinical perspectives of physically stimulated breast-cancer nanotheranostics from a wide-ranging and multidisciplinary perception providing unrivalled and comprehensive knowledge in the field.

This volume focuses on thin-film transistors (TFTs) and their properties, as well as covering field effect transistors (FETs), including electrolyte-gated field-effect transistors such as EGOFETs and OECFETs.

This volume focuses on energy devices such as supercapacitors, batteries, energy harvesters, solar cells, and the applications of flexible electronics in displays and light-emission devices, CNT field emitters, sensors, memories, antennas and RFID tags.

Extreme Solar Particle Storms: The hostile Sun provides a consolidated review of our current understanding of extreme solar events, or black swans, that leave our technological society vulnerable. Written by experts at the forefront of the growing field of solar storms, this book will be of interest to students and researchers, as well as those curious about the threat that our Sun poses to the modern world.

A must-read for researchers, graduate students and industry professionals who work in the VLC field, this book investigates the suitability of VLC for vehicular communications from a fundamental wireless communication standpoint. Mathematically accurate channel models are developed, and advanced signal processing approaches to overcome challenges such as sunlight interference, shadowing and fast changing channels are described. Results are verified through simulation with realistic parameters.

This comprehensive review provides a detailed insight into renewable energy options, their current state of development and how they can provide an environmentally sustainable energy future. This second edition is extensively revised and includes the latest advances in the field.

Aimed at scientists and engineers who specialise in integrated electro-mechanical drives, as well as researchers and students, this fundamental guide to the practical applications of mechatronics is applicable to transportation systems, industrial production processes, aerospace, aviation and automotive industries.

Principles of Biophotonics, volume two describes detection and statistical representation of optical fields. Beginning by placing the visible spectrum in the context of the electromagnetic frequency range, this presentation stresses how thin of a sliver is normally called the optical spectrum. In addition to describing properties of light with technical accuracy, the most common radiometric quantities are introduced, and conversion to photon-based quantities is explicitly presented. For completeness, an analogy to the photometric quantities is also made, and the three fundamental mechanisms for generating light, blackbody radiation, fluorescence and laser emission, are covered. Each chapter contains a set of practice problems and additional references, and this book aims to build the foundation for further study in subsequent volumes.

Quantum Mechanics: Problems with Solutions contains detailed model solutions to the exercise problems formulated in the companion Lecture Notes volume. In many cases, the solutions include result discussions that enhance the lecture material. For readers' convenience, the problem assignments are reproduced in this volume.

Statistical Mechanics: Problems with solutions contains detailed model solutions to the exercise problems formulated in the companion Lecture notes volume. In many cases, the solutions include result discussions that enhance the lecture material. For readers' convenience, the problem assignments are reproduced in this volume.

Gamma-ray Burst Correlations presents an overview of the observational correlations; their physical interpretations, their use as redshift estimators, and their potential use as cosmological tools. The author describes the existing correlations as well as broaching the possible meaning and controversy behind the results of several GRB correlations.

Gas-Phase Chemistry in Space is written by a collection of experts in the field of astrochemistry. The book introduces essential concepts that govern the formation, excitation and destruction of molecules at postgraduate and research levels. A broad range of topics are covered; from early universe chemistry and stellar nucleosynthesis, to the study of bimolecular reaction kinetics.

Generalized Hypergeometric Functions explores the way in which hypergeometric functions are interlinked with special functions, and it uses group theory to illustrate these relationships. The application of group theory to the study of special functions is a relatively new approach to the subject area. It is a departure from most of the standard text books, which deal with the special functions as disjointed chapters, with each chapter dealing with the properties of the given special function.

Laser Safety: Practical knowledge and solutions provides an in-depth guide to laser safety for a wide variety of people who work regularly with lasers and similar products. The authors provide useful techniques and methods to create a safe working environment for laser culture and answer a number of laser user concerns seldom addressed. This book will be relevant to students, researchers and laser physicists.

Astrophysical Recipes: The art of AMUSE delves into the ways in which computational science and astrophysics are connected and how the bridge between observation and theory are understood. This book provides a unique outline of the basic principles of performing simulations for astrophysical phenomena, in order to better increase and understand these observations and theories.

This book describes Wigner functions and its applications in various fields of science where it has been found to be very useful in wide range of modern disciplines, including quantum information, coherent optics, and superconducting qubits.

This book reflects the broad advances that have been made in the field of medical dosimetry and medical radiation protection, and it provides information about the practical use of new information in radiation dose management of pregnant patients, pregnant staff and paediatric patients in diagnostic and interventional radiology.

This volume covers the state-of-the-art topics that investigate two significant neurological disorders, autism apectrum disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), from the theoretical perspective and also focuses on the practical aspects. The materials are presented in a way that can be beneficial to both advanced and layman readers.

This book presents singular optics in a gradual and systematic manner and bridges the gap between a seasoned researcher and a student who aims to pursue research in this topic. The book includes illustrations, examples and references that will enable the reader to conceive their own ideas as they discover more about singular optics.

This book is different to other electronics texts available. First, it is short. Created for a one-semester course taken by physics students, both undergraduate and graduate it includes only the essentials and covers those topics only as deeply as needed in order to understand the material in the integrated laboratory exercises. Unlike many electronics texts for physics students, this one does not delve into the physics of devices. Instead, these are largely treated as black boxes having certain properties that are important to know for designing circuits. The physics comes when the students use their acquired electronics instrumentation knowledge to construct apparatus to make measurements. Since the detailed physics has been left out, this book should be equally useful for students in any of the physical or life sciences. This is the first textbook aimed at the non-electrical engineering student, that has both the generality on analog and digital electronics circuits, coupled to the very timely technology of embedded electronics. The book also features homework exercises, parts list and a suite of useful appendices.Key FeaturesCombined lectures and laboratory courseCovers analog and digital electronicsIncludes embedded systemsHomework problems with solutionsComplete inventory of required components

This non-technical book examines the everyday physics behind hearing and vision to help readers understand more about themselves and their physical environment. It begins with a thorough discussion of sound and light waves then goes on to discuss how our eyes and ears gather and process information from those waves.The ears and eyes are examined in their physical form in humans as well as in other members of the animal kingdom to show differences in how each receive information from the same waves and how hearing and vision may have evolved in humans. The book also discusses the perception of sound by examples such as sound intensity, decibels, and masking, while also covering the basis of music and resonance. Vision and the perception of light and colour are discussed at length including the psychology of colour perception and colour mixing.This second edition includes the latest developments in hearing and vision. New topics include hearing and vision aids, electron microscopy, the third eye (pineal body), vision and hearing gene therapies and new remote sensing techniques.Key FeaturesIntroduces the science behind vision and hearing, covering both the underlying biology and the technologies we increasingly use to augment and improve our sensesWritten in a straightforward and approachable style, making the content understandable and engaging for non-expertsIncludes extensive illustrations and diagrams

Throughout the past five decades, research and development in the world of nuclear fusion has been led by large publicly funded national laboratories. Currently, fusion energy technology development is being embraced by small, fast-moving start-up companies.This edited book provides an overview of the commercialisation of fusion energy technology, stressing the role to be played by small businesses and the ongoing importance of public sector efforts. All chapters were peer-reviewed by experts before publication to ensure the reliability of the scientific content. The editors are of the opinion that "there is a need for a good overview of a complex phenomenon that has the potential to transform fusion energy research after decades of leadership by governmental and inter-governmental efforts." The book addresses not only the science and technology of fusion commercialisation, but also the associated innovation management. The first section of the book provides an introduction to private fusion and explains that the marketed product will not necessarily be electricity. The policy context of a global need for decarbonisation is introduced and compared to the timescales of fusion commercialisation. The second section introduces some of the leading private sector initiatives in fusion from around the world. Then, the third section outlines the public sector's ongoing efforts toward commercialisation. And finally, the fourth section discusses the challenges and future opportunities of private fusion.Key FeaturesThis book tells a story about a technology in transitionProvides an overview of the commercialisation of fusion energy technology, stressing the emerging role being played by small businessesExplores not only the science and technology behind fusion commercialisation but also innovation managementSuitable for both academic and non-academic researchers and scholars

This book explores and explains the structural evolution of galaxies, how we measure it, how these measurements change with time, and how observing this reveals important information about galaxy formation and evolution. It also explains the future of the field, including through the use of machine learning tools.

Semiconducting metal oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) are promising candidates for functional electronic devices and have attracted considerable attention due to their superior electrical performance, high transparency, excellent stability and uniformity.The book introduces the concepts and working mechanisms of semiconducting metal oxide TFTs, with a focus on metal oxide thin films that have desirable electrical and optical properties. The relationship between material properties and device performance is analysed, and materials and device challenges, as well as possible strategies, are included to promote the commercial translation of metal oxide TFT-based optoelectronic devices.Valuable as a reference text for researchers, and graduate students working in the fields of device physics, semiconducting materials and flexible electronics, the book is also essential reading for engineers working with semiconducting metal oxide TFTs in industry, particularly display and memory technologies.Key FeaturesFirst book to focus on the applications of semiconducting metal oxide TFTsCovers the latest technologies in the field, including displays, sensors, logic operations, data storage and neuromorphic computing for artificial intelligenceAnalyses the relationship between material properties and device performanceIncludes possible strategies to overcome materials and device challenges to promote the commercial translation of the technologyIncludes video demonstrations to help readers understand how the devices work

This book offers an overview of the state-of-the-art of visible light communication systems across emerging areas of increasing importance within the field. It is divided into two parts, with the first describing the latest developments in data communication using VLC technologies. It includes the fundamental mechanics of the semiconductor light-emitting diodes (LEDs) used in academic and commercial systems, areas of high-speed circuit design including circuit diagrams and small-signal analysis. Exotic modulation formats and digital signal processing including machine learning architectures are then covered before the book looks at emerging areas within the VLC research community, including colour balancing and colour-based modulation. The second part of the book looks at applications that do not consider indoor data communication in general, such as localisation/positioning, sensing and the intelligent transport systems paradigm. Finally, the completely new area of oxygen sensing is also included with the aim of inspiring researchers to test news fields and apply ideas across domains.Visible Light is aimed at new researchers entering the VLC domain, particularly at the PhD stage, or those wishing to explore new areas within it, and readers should be comfortable with undergraduate-level mathematics and physics to make the most of the derivations and descriptions written throughout the book. It will provide researchers with a solid summary of the global progress in VLC systems that can be used to generate new ideas and advancements in the field.Key FeaturesA new approach to VLC literature: describing both communications and new applicationsEnables interdisciplinary new approaches to research and industry through the collection of ideas from separate disciplines that researchers and industrialists may not be aware ofDiscussion of technological enablers from semiconductor materials, through to devices, circuits, systems and applications: the first book on the subject to do soThe first book that brings healthcare sensing to the general VLC community, potentially adding significant value to the research community through ideas generation and awareness of literatureA reference text for researchers and industrialists to discover immediately any of the key advances in the field from any subdomain, enabling off-the-shelf knowledge generation