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This book is a collection of papers from the conference of the Association of Southern African Professional Archaeologists (ASAPA) that was held at the University of Zimbabwe, Harare, 1-3 July 2015. The chapters deal with little known places as well as new approaches to old sites such as Old Bulawayo and the World Heritage Sites of Great Zimbabwe, Khami and Tsodilo. There are both archaeology and heritage themes that bring a refreshing experience as they focus on less traditional topics in southern Africa. From gender dimensions of cattle ownership, to engravings, faunal remains, and their implications for archaeology, the book also has contributions on conservation of historical buildings, the South African Heritage Information System (SAHRIS) and religious motives of Pentecostal churches in using traditionally sacred places in eastern Zimbabwe.

This collection of essays investigates how structural adjustment and economic liberalisation have impacted upon labour regimes - e.g., trade unions; and upon state and civil society relations, and processes of democratisation. The studies resulted from a conference hosted by the Institute of Development Studies, University of Zimbabwe, in co-operation with the Department of Political Science, University of Stockholm. Cases and responses of the seven African countries in attendance - Egypt, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe - are documented. Examples include: liberalisation and the case of Senegalese industrial relations; trade unions and capacity building in the Nigerian textile industry; the labour exodus in a liberalising South Africa; and authoritarianism and trade unions in Egypt.

This book examines the dialectics of political liberalisation in Zimbabwe, over time, from the settler period to the late nineties. The study takes in theoretical parameters for political and economic concepts and assumptions; and provides a historical overview of settler rule, civil society reactions, and political developments 1945-1979. The author reveals stark historical continuities during this period. He argues that the post-independence state has sought, like its settler predecessor, to impose its hegemonic position by limiting the level of political space in which civil society could operate; and that corporatist structures and policies have militated against the establishment of a fully-fledged democratic society. The final chapter, which analyses structural adjustment, liberalisation, and the legacy of settler rule offers an assessment of the prospects of a lasting democratic process in Zimbabwe, and likely obstacles.

Zimbabwe is one of the few countries in the region with no comprehensive information on its language situation. This book seeks to fill the gap. Language policy in Zimbabwe has evolved around the three official languages, English, Ndebele and Shona. The author, a lecturer in Bantu linguistics at the University of Zimbabwe highlights the status of theindigenous minority languages by identifying communities speaking minority languages, their locations, and the role minority languages have played inthe education system and in the media. Languages covered are Kalanga, Hwesa, Sotho, Shangani (Tsonga), Tonga of Mudzi District, Venda, Tonga, Chikunda, Doma, Chewa/Nyanja, Khoisan (Tshwawo), Barwe, Tswana, Fingo or Xhosa, Sena and Nambya. The author also gives recommendations of how minority languages may be incorporated into future language policy.

In the early years of European colonisation, mining and agriculture were the bases of the Rhodesian colonial economy and manufacturing was virtually non-existent. This study traces the origins and early development of the sector in the inter-war years and its rapid growth during the second world war and the Central African Federation years. It also analyses the fortunes of the manufacturing industry in the troubled Unilateral Declaration of Independence years when international economic sanctions and an escalation of and debilitating war of liberation threatened the sector. Finally the book examines developments in the post-colonial period up to, and including, the years of the Economic Structural Adjustment Programme of the 1990s.

Changes have taken place in the Roman Catholic Church in Zimbabwe since the Second Vatican Council whose teachings transformed parish organisation, education, justice and peace. The author, a lecturer at the University of Zimbabwe in Chistian History and Thought and Christianity in Africa, and general secretary of the Association of Theological Institutions in Southern and Central Africa, explores the dynamics behind the changes. The Second Vatican Council's teachings centred on the need to form episcopal councils, priests' associations, diocesan and parish councils. This was intended to promote popular involvement in the Church and to foster collaboration between the clergy and the laity in matters of faith. The programmes undertaken by the Church since 1965 are examined, and their successes and failures examined.

This volume explores the prehistory of human rights in Zimbabwe. It asks whether there are democratic legacies from pre-colonial polities and what limitations then existed on human rights. It also asks what colonialism contributed to the discourse of human rights and democracy despite its denial of both to Africans. Contents: pre- colonial states of Central Africa as embodiments of despotic culture; archaeological evidence of political structures; democracy and traditional political structure 1890-1999; imperial and settler hypocrisy and double standards and the denial of human rights; black elite responses to ideologies of democracy; the law courts in Rhodesia; interaction between white and black trade unionism; and the Build a Nation campaign, 1961-62.

Zimbabwe invested in much human and material development of education from independence in 1980. Many innovative ideas have been explored to improve the quality of education, with a particular focus on reading literacy. In 1988, Zimbabwe joined 31 other countries in a reading literacy research study at primary and junion secondary school levels, under the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement. Data is taken from 143 schools and over 2000 students.

World War II has long been acknowledged as a watershed in modern history of Africa, yet there are few books that examine the years of the war in a particular African country. This book helps to fill this gap byanalysing the wartime mobilisation of settlers, soldiers and labourers in colonial Zimbabwe. It examines the sacrifices demanded of ten of thousands of Africans who were coerced into settler production as their contribution to the British war effort. Africans did not remain passive in the face of this onslaught, and the book also addresses their efforts to make their own history, especially on relation to the post-war rebellions of 1945 and 1948.

Zimbabwean human rights historiography often assumes that pre- colonial African politics were democratic; whilst colonialism implies a total denial of human rights. It further assumes that Zimbabwean nationalism was in essence a human rights movement; and that the liberation struggle, which led to the overthrow of colonial oppression, reinstated both human rights and democracy. This, the second volume on the historical dimensions of human rights in Africa, reconsiders questions of nationalism, democracy and human rights. It asks why the first 'democratic revolution' was frustrated in Africa, despite the democratic dimensions of the early nationalist movements. It considers possible causes of the resulting post-independence authoritarianism in Zimbabwe as centralism, top-down modernisation, or 'development'; and it reviews the outcomes of a commandist state. Common themes running through the book are the ambiguities and antitheses which concepts of nationalism and democracy imply; and the delicate, but necessary balancing which discourse on majoritarian democracy and human rights is bound to produce. This in-depth historical analysis by some of Zimbabwe's leading intellectuals and academics sheds essential light on some of the conflicts, traumas and human rights dilemmas that the country is experiencing at present.

The influence of the learner's mother tongue on the use of a second language has long been of interest within applied linguistics. Whilst most studies have focused on the sentence level, contrastive rhetoric has broadened this area of investigation to the levels of discourse and text. This study explores and applies the approach to written English and Shona of Shona native speakers in Zimbabwe. It is both theoretical and practical, highlighting the importance of multi-dimensional andnon-evaluative analytical frameworks, and providing information for second language teachers and learners.