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Excerpt from The History of France, Vol. 2 of 5 It is the mutual tendency of the several classes in a progressive society to consolidate their respective rights, and thus found institutions. Political rights are but the consequence and the guarantee of civil ones, and the mere struggle to obtain the latter leads to the creation of the former. The annals of the reign just narrated, and of the one now entered upon, mark the efforts of the F rencb, and especially of the Parisian citizens, to guard their property and to acquire power or rights for the purpose of doing so. Unfortunately all such attempts in F rance were made by each class separately, and even in antagonism with the others; king, nobles, and commons, always at strife and never in unison, carrying on a civil war of class, which in the end proved fatal alike to all. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1862. Excerpt: ... Primary Teachers. pupil's progress is made without the direct assistance of the teacher. But in the Primary Schools, the teacher is herself tli text-book, the living oracle; and nearly all the impressions received by the pupil are a direct reflection from her own mind and heart. But a teacher may possess every desirable mental and moral endowment, and yet, if a position in a Primary School is regarded as secondary in importance, and a situation in a higher department is continually before the mind as an object of ambition and desire, it is vain to expect the same degree of success that would be realized if no such distinction existed. Since the duties of Primary teachers are really more arduous and responsible than those of teachers in the higher grades, and since most teachers would prefer situations in the higher grades, even if the compensation was the same as that of the Primary teachers, it would be difficult to find a reason, except in the power of custom, for paying the lowest salary to teachers of the Primary classes. In St. Louis, Chicago, and several other cities, the salaries are alike in the Grammar and Primary grades. By applying the same scale of salaries to both departments, the two positions are made equally honorable, and School Directors are enabled to secure for sition, the temper, and the demeanor of the teacher should be narrowly scrutinized before committing to her guidance the intellectual and moral instruction of the elementary classes in our public schools."--S. S. Randall, Superintendent of Schools, New York. Special Training of Teachers. the pupils of each grade the teachers best qualified to instruct them. It is to be regretted that so few Primary teachers receive any special training before entering upon the peculiar dut...

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1875 edition. Excerpt: ...JUSTICES' COURTS--TRIALS, JUDGMENTS AND EXECUTIONS. A civil action is "a legal demand of one's right, or it is the form given by law for the recovery of that which is due." Civil actions before justices of the peace are commenced by summons, or by the appearance and agreement of the parties without summons. Where it appears by affidavit that the defendant is guilty of certain frauds, the justice may issue an order of arrest to bring the defendant into court. At the time of issuing a summons, or afterward, an attachment may be issued against the goods and chattels of the defendant, when the circumstances are such as the law deems justifiable in order to secure the plaintiff's claim. These facts and circumstances must be made to appear by affidavit. The student is referred to the statutes, Swan and Critchfield, 773, for particulars as to commencement of suits, service and return of process, and proceedings in arrest and attachment. In case a person has in his possession property which he has no right to keep, the person who has a right to it, if the property does not exceed in value three hundred dollars, may apply to a justice for a writ to authorize the constable to take and deliver such property to the plaintiff. If the value of the property is less than one hundred dollars, justices have exclusive jurisdiction; from one hundred to three hundred, concurrent jurisdiction with the court of common pleas. The writ is called a writ of replevin, and after it is executed, the parties have a trial before the justice, to determine who has the right to the possession of the property. If the plaintiff fails, he must return the property to the defendant, or pay him the value of it. In whatever way a suit is commenced, a trial must be had, ...