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This book explores the idea that the increasingly complex connections created by the forces of globalisation have led to a diminishing difference between what were once described as international schools and national schools.

In recent decades Japan has changed from a strongly growing, economically successful nation regarded as prime example of social equality and inclusion, to a nation with a stagnating economy, a shrinking population and a very high proportion of elderly people. Within this, new forms of inequality are emerging and deepening, and a new model of Japan as ''gap society'' (kakusa shakai) has become common-sense. These new forms of inequality are complex, are caused in different ways by a variety of factors, and require deep-seated reforms in order to remedy them. This book provides a comprehensive overview of inequality in contemporary Japan. It examines inequality in labour and employment, in welfare and family, in education and social mobility, in the urban-rural divide, and concerning immigration, ethnic minorities and gender. The book also considers the widespread anxiety effect of the fear of inequality; and discusses how far these developments in Japan represent a new form of social problem for the wider world.

Besides looking at major outbreaks of diseases and how they were coped with, diseases such as malaria, smallpox, tuberculosis, plague, venereal disease, avian flu and SARS, this book also examines how the successive government regimes in Hong Kong took action to prevent diseases and control potential threats to health. It shows how policies impacted the various Chinese and non-Chinese groups, and how policies were often formulated as a result of negotiations between these different groups. By considering developments over a long historical period, the book contrasts the different approaches in the periods of colonial rule, Japanese occupation, post-war reconstruction, transition to decolonization, and Hong Kong as Special Administrative Region within the PeopleΓÇÖs Republic of China.

Based on extensive, long-term fieldwork in the borderlands of Afghan and Tajik Badakhshan, this book explores the importance of local leaders and local identity groups for the stability of a stateΓÇÖs borders, and ultimately for the stability of the state itself. It shows how the implantation of formal institutional structures at the border, a process supported by United Nations and other international bodies, can be counterproductive in that it may marginalise local leaders and alienate the local population, thereby increasing overall instability. The study considers how, in this particular borderland where trafficking of illegal drugs, weapons and people is rampant, corrupt customs and border personnel, and imperfect new institutional arrangements, contributed to a complex mix of oppression, hidden protest and subtle resistance, which benefitted illicit traders and hindered much needed humanitarian work. The book relates developments in this region to borderlands elsewhere, especially new borders in the former Soviet bloc, and argues that local leaders and organisations should be given semi-autonomy in co-ordination with state border forces in order to increase stability and the acceptance of the state.

The decline of British power in Asia, from a high point in 1905, when BritainΓÇÖs ally Japan vanquished the Russian Empire, apparently reducing the perceived threat that Russia posed to its influence in India and China, to the end of the twentieth century, when British power had dwindled to virtually nothing, is one of the most important themes in understanding the modern history of East and Southeast Asia. This book considers a range of issues that illustrate the significance and influence of the British Empire in Asia and the nature of BritainΓÇÖs imperial decline. Subjects covered include the challenges posed by Germany and Japan during the First World War, British efforts at international co-operation in the interwar period, the British relationship with Korea and Japan in the wake of the Second World War, and the complicated path of decolonisation in Southeast Asia and Hong Kong.

This book explores psychological war trauma and society, arguing that the enigmas surrounding war trauma are rooted in culture, collective memory and social norms, which in turn present a lens through which broader aspects of society can be viewed and understood.

This book traces the development of EU-Russia relations in recent years. It argues that a major factor influencing the relationship is the changing internal dynamics of both parties, in RussiaΓÇÖs case an increasingly authoritarian state, in the case of the EU an increasing coherence in its foreign policy as applied to former Soviet countries which Russia regarded as interference in its own sphere. The book considers the impact of conflicts in Kosovo, Chechnya, Georgia and Ukraine, discusses the changing internal situation in both Russia and the EU, including the difficulties in overcoming fragmentation in EU policy-making, and concludes by assessing how the situation is likely to develop.

Anne Phelan demonstrates how curriculum theorizing can serve such an educational project by engaging concerns about subjectivity (human agency and action), society, and historical moment, thereby widening the field of insight in teacher education and informing debates about new trajectories for policy and practice. Exploring teacher education through ethical, political, aesthetic vocabularies, drawn from the Humanities, is vital at a time when the dehumanizing influences of performativity, standardization and accountability are evident in education systems across the world, and when we are in danger of losing the things that we most value and are the least measurable - relationships, independent thought, and ethical judgment.

Education issues feature almost daily in print media, online, on the radio and on television, much of which focuses on the perceived deficits of students and teachers. Singled out for special attention are low socio-economic status (SES) schools which are frequently characterised by teachers and students with little investment in learning and teaching. Yet within this plethora of educational discussion there is no contemporary, longitudinal study of what it means to learn and teach in a disadvantaged school within the policy context of the ΓÇÿeducation revolutionΓÇÖ in Australia.Drawing on 500 interviews conducted over a four period with the Principal, parents, teachers and students at a regional low SES school, this book challenges the profile of one school as represented on the ΓÇÿMy SchoolΓÇÖ website which publishes the results of National Assessment Program in Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN). Chapters situate the original research within an international and national educational context, before exploring topics including leadership and management, student behaviour, constructs of the ΓÇÿgood teacherΓÇÖ, the involvement of parents in school and the ΓÇÿdigital revolutionΓÇÖ. The book closes with an appraisal of the major themes that emerged from the multiple perspectives of the study.This is the first book to provide a longitudinal ethnographic study of a school in Australia, which examines the impact of the ΓÇÿeducation revolutionΓÇÖ on the Principal, parents, teachers and students. It comprehensively challenges the official ΓÇÿMy SchoolΓÇÖ representation of a low SES school and will appeal to researchers in education, as well as those involved in postgraduate teacher education and sociology courses, both from Australia and internationally.

Drawing primarily on interviews with fifty victims of the Bali bombings, but also other terrorist incidents including the London and Boston bombings, and disasters such as the boxing day tsunami and the Fukusima nuclear disaster, this book provides a comprehensive insight into the multilayered effects experienced by directly affected victims and their indirectly affected family members following terrorist incidents and other world disasters.

In this book, the authors illustrate, with reference to a wide range of cases, how the transformation of work - based in Western dominant models of capitalist wage-labor - is taking place in particular parts of each of the four worlds.

In recent years the constitutional landscape of Southeast Asia has changed tremendously. Against a worldwide background of liberalization, globalization, and democratization, states in the region have begun to alter their constitutions, reinforcing human rights provisions, and putting in place institutional safeguards, such as constitutional courts and human rights commissions. On closer examination, however, the picture is very complex, with constitutional developments differing greatly between states. This book explores a range of current constitutional developments in the different states of Southeast Asia through a distinct political lens. Drawing on comparative and single case studies, it considers various constitutional areas, including constitution drafting, human rights, legal safeguards and the continuing role of the military, sets constitutional developments in the wider political and historical context of each country, and makes comparisons both with Western democracies and with other developing regions. The book concludes by assessing overall how far constitutional practices and trajectories are converging towards a liberal Western model or towards a distinctly Southeast Asian model.

In this book Angela Kreutz considers the relationship between environment, and attachment and development in children. Focusing on indigenous children who are suggested to have greater freedom, and therefore wander further than non-indigenous children, the research examines theoretical constructs and conceptual models from environmental and ecological psychology by empirically road testing these ideas within a distinct cultural community.

This book explores how far existing networks of overseas Chinese and new flows of migrants act as drivers of economic relations between China and the host countries. It considers migration, trade, the flow of capital, and foreign direct investment, includes both skilled and unskilled migrants, and outlines the complex different waves of migration flows. It includes detailed case studies, based on extensive original research, on the position in a range of European countries, and concludes with policy-oriented analysis and with an overall assessment of how far the Chinese diaspora matters in stimulating increased bilateral economic activity and stronger bilateral economic relationships.

A secure supply of energy is essential for all nations, to sustain their economy, and indeed their very survival. This subject is especially important in the case of China, as ChinaΓÇÖs booming economy and consequent demand for energy is affecting the whole world, and in turn potentially driving realignments in international relations. Moreover, as this book argues, energy security should be considered more broadly, to include issues of sustainability, environmental protection and the domestic organisation of energy policy and energy supply. This book presents a comprehensive picture of ChinaΓÇÖs energy security. It covers all energy sectors ΓÇô coal, oil, gas, renewables; international relations with all major sources of energy supply ΓÇô the Middle East, Central Asia, Africa; and key areas of domestic policy making and supply.

This book assesses the quality of democracy in Poland from the collapse of communism in 1989 up to the 2011 parliamentary election. It presents an in-depth, empirically grounded study comparing two decades of democratic politics. Drawing on democratic theory and comparative politics, the book puts forward an evaluation of democracy based on four dimensions: representation, participation, competition and accountability. 　The book is an important contribution to debates on the performance of the new democracies in Central and Eastern Europe, where some scholars argue that there is a ‘democratic crisis’, that, after a period of democratic progress, most of these countries are experiencing democratic fatigue and that their democratic performance is poor. However, the Polish case shows that democracy is not in crisis - in fact, the quality of democracy in Poland has improved. 　The book shows that democratic quality stems from good democratic institutions. Moreover, the Polish case shows useful lessons that can be learnt by democratic reformers in countries that are undergoing the transition to democracy or are aiming to consolidate their democratic systems. It concludes that effective accountability, good representation and stable competition are vital.

This book examines the historical and political significance of contemporary attempts to redefine culture's place in international trade and its role in international development policy, as well as the implications for policy and practice of the keystone measure in the field, the UNESCO Convention on Cultural Diversity.

This book recovers complex histories that continue to shape both how we understand climate and what we understand by it. It also examines how climate change compels us to rethink many of our existing traditional means of historical understanding. This book examines It addresses these questions climate change from transdisciplinary perspectives across the environmental humanities, including oral history, museum studies, history of religion, literary history, philosophy and critical legal studies..

This book makes the case for a critical turn in development thinking around universities and their contributions in making a more equal post-2015 world. It puts forward a normative approach based on human development and the capability approach, one which can gain a hearing from policy, scholarship, and practitioners dealing with practical issues of understanding policy, democratising research and knowledge, and fostering student learning - all key university functions.

This book provides an overview of the problems related to water pollution in China. It describes how and why China has ended up in such a dire situation and what the government is doing to address the problem and the difficulties it has encountered in attempting to reduce the pollution.

This book provides an overview of the problems related to air pollution in China. It describes how and why China has ended up in such a dire situation and what the government is doing to address the problem and the difficulties it has encountered in attempting to reduce the pollution.

While our world is characterized by mobility, global interactions, and increasing knowledge, we are facing serious challenges regarding the knowledge of the places around us. We understand and navigate our surroundings by relying on advanced technologies. Yet, a truly knowledgeable relationship to the places where we live and visit is lacking.

A growing problem of interest in the field of science and technology policy is that the next generation of innovations is arriving at an accelerating rate, and the governance system is struggling to catch up. Current approaches and institutions for effective technology assessment are ill suited and poorly designed to proactively address the multidimensional, interconnected societal impacts of science and technology advancements that are already taking place and expected to continue over the course of the 21st century. This book offers tangible insights into the strategies deployed by well-known, high-profile organizations involved in anticipating the various societal and policy implications of nanotechnology and synthetic biology. It focuses predominantly on an examination of the practices adopted by the often-cited and uniquely positioned Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies in the United States, as well as being informed by comparisons with a range of institutions also interested in embedding forward-looking perspectives in their respective area of innovation. The book lays out one of the first actionable roadmaps that other interested stakeholders can follow when working toward institutionalizing anticipatory governance practices throughout the policymaking process.

The history of human rights suggests that individuals should be empowered in their natural, political, political, social and economic vulnerabilities. This book develops the idea of environmental obligations as long-term responsibilities in the context of human rights. It proposes that human rights require recognition that, in the face of unsustainable conduct, future human persons are exposed and vulnerable. It explores the obstacles for long-term responsibilities that human rights law provides at the level of international and national law and challenges the question of whether lifestyle restrictions are enforceable in view of liberties and levels of wellbeing typically seen as protected by human rights.

The missing part in today¿s environmental debate is an in-depth understanding of the idea of Naturalness, and what, if anything, it denotes. This book elucidates what we mean by "natural" in general and works out an original concept of naturalness that can serve as a guide to understand the real limits of our manipulations in times where our powers to rearrange nature reaches new levels continually. Arguing that naturalness can be understood in light of a dispositional ontology, the book shows that it is possible for someone to maintain that there is a right and a wrong way to manipulate nature.

This book provides a much-needed comprehensive overview of the relevance and value of using eco-feminist theories. It gives a broad coverage of traditional and emerging eco-feminist theories and explores, across a range of chapters, their various contributions and uniquely spans various strands of ecofeminist thinking. It discusses the origins of influential eco-feminist theories including key themes and some of its leading figures (contributors include Erika Cudworth, Greta Gaard, Trish Glazebrook and Ariel Salleh), and outlines its influence on how scholars might come to a more generative understanding of the natural environment. It examines eco-feminism¿s potential contribution for advancing current discussions and research on the human world.

This book offers a new way of thinking about the significance of locality and everyday life in relation to climate change. Many scholars now write about the ethics, policies and politics of climate change, focusing on global processes and effects. The book¿s innovative approach to cross-cultural comparison and a regionally based ethnographic study moves beyond the political assertions and expert understandings filtered by the mass media. Rather, it asks fundamental questions about the social impact and cultural meanings of global warming and its impact on diverse human worlds embedded in a changing biosphere.

This book explores the rights of older people and their quality of care once they are living in a care home, and considers how we can commence the journey towards a human rights framework to ensure decent and dignified care for older people. The book takes a comparative approach to challenges facing the care home sector for older people in Africa, the Arab world, Australia, China, England, Israel, Japan and the USA, with an international panel of experts identifying how their particular society cares for its older and oldest people, the extent to which demographic and economic change has placed their system under pressure and the role that residential elder care homes play in their culture.

This book provides a comparative constitutional analysis of executive clemency, with a focus on death penalty cases. Comparative executive clemency has never been the subject of a full-length comparative constitutional analysis, and the breadth of jurisdictions contained in this book-encompassing the entire English-speaking world-provides a full range of cultural and political variations in the level of deference given to executive decision-making.