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This book explains why Venezuela is so rich in natural resources--it has been producing oil since 1922 and harbors the largest oil reserves in the world--and yet it is also a failed nation of class-divided citizens exhibiting deep poverty in a corrupt, incompetent state. Venezuela is a bipolar nation, where two marked poles in the society exist which have historical origins and are mutually exclusive.The book provides a critical analysis of Venezuela's history, economy and politics and explains the context and implications of the bipolar poles, known as the elite pole and the resentful pole. Both, it shows, have done serious harm to Venezuela's prosperity. The author describes the vicious circle of oil wealth, corruption, inefficiency and world market dependency and gives recommendations for a better future.

Polynomial optimization is a fascinating field of study that has revolutionized the way we approach nonlinear problems described by polynomial constraints. The applications of this field range from production planning processes to transportation, energy consumption, and resource control.This introductory book explores the latest research developments in polynomial optimization, presenting the results of cutting-edge interdisciplinary work conducted by the European network POEMA. For the past four years, experts from various fields, including algebraists, geometers, computer scientists, and industrial actors, have collaborated in this network to create new methods that go beyond traditional paradigms of mathematical optimization. By exploiting new advances in algebra and convex geometry, these innovative approaches have resulted in significant scientific and technological advancements. This book aims to make these exciting developments accessible to a wider audience by gathering high-quality chapters on these hot topics.Aimed at both aspiring and established researchers, as well as industry professionals, this book will be an invaluable resource for anyone interested in polynomial optimization and its potential for real-world applications.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of cardiology topics for the advanced care provider. Chapters cover topics that advanced care providers need to master before practicing in the field of cardiology. Chapters are organized by cardiology topic with each chapter written by an APP in conjunction with a physician who each specialize in the chapter-specific areas. Coverage spans across the field of cardiology, including basic anatomy and physiology, coronary artery disease, electrophysiology, structural and valvular heart diseases, cardiomyopathies and heart failure, and ambulatory cardiology and preventative care. Chapters will include online references including guidelines and images. Cardiology Manual for the Advanced Practice Provider is a valuable resource for established APPs (PAs and NPs), those starting practice in cardiology and internal medicine, APP Fellows in the fields of cardiology and internal medicine, and those in PA/NP programs.

This heavily revised second edition in the Essentials of Diagnostic Gynecological Pathology series covers the anatomy, development, histology and normal function of the ovary. Detailed descriptions of non-neoplastic disorders of the ovary; surgery and medical management of ovarian cancer; and the use of imaging, frozen sections and cytology in ovarian pathology is discussed. The work also describes specific disorders of the ovary, fallopian tube and peritoneum. New chapters cover the latest technologies in relevant imaging techniques along with the application of molecular techniques in diagnostic and management practices. Pathology of the Ovary, Fallopian Tube and Peritoneum has been written to be useful diagnostically to general as well as specialist gynecological histopathologists and pathologists in training. Gynecologists, oncologists, genitourinary physicians and cancer nurse specialists will find expert insights here that will help in treatment and counselling of their patients.

Many wild animals in human care live longer than their wild counterparts because of modern care and wellbeing programmes, leading to a growing demographic of ageing animals. This handbook is dedicated to their care. As an innovative expert publication, it integrates all aspects of professional care, including topics such as behaviour, ethics, environmental enrichment, training, veterinary care, nutrition and habitat design. Each animal is unique in their preferences, physical and emotional needs. Ageing animals may change their behaviour, alter the use space, and may also experience events and their relationships with their carers differently than they used to. The ageing process and death of an individual can be a significant event for others in their group, as well as the human carers.This book consolidates best practices for supporting and assessing optimal ageing animal wellbeing. It describes practical and science-informed approaches and philosophies regarding the care of ageing wild animals in zoos, aquariums, sanctuaries, universities and laboratories in a single source. This is an invaluable reference for veterinarians, animal care professionals, animal welfare researchers and students, and anyone with an interest in caring for animals.Personal stories and beautiful images of ageing individuals brightening the start of each chapter and remind us that what we do must be in the best interest of the animal and be at the heart of their care.

This "Open Access" book investigates the legal reality of the church through a sociological lens and from the perspective of canon law studies, the discipline which researches the law and the legal structure of the Catholic Church. It introduces readers from various backgrounds to the sociology of canon law, which is both a legal and a theological field of study, and is the first step towards introducing a new subdiscipline of the sociology of canon law. As a theoretical approach to mapping out this field, it asks what theology and canon law may learn from sociology; it discusses the understanding of "law" in religious contexts; studies the preconditions of legal validity and effectiveness; and based on these findings it asks in what sense it is possible to speak of canon "law". By studying a religious order as its struggles to find a balance between continuity and change, this book also contributes to the debates on religious law in modernity and the challenges it faces from secular states and plural societies. This book is of interest to researchers and students of the sociology of law, legal studies, law and religion, the sociology of religion, theology, and religious studies.This is an open access book.

Aus den Besprechungen: "Wodurch unterscheidet sich das hiermit begonnene Lehrwerk der Analysis von zahlreichen anderen ... exzellenten Werken dieser Art? ... (1) die ausf]hrliche Ber]cksichtigung des Warum und Woher, der historischen Gesichtspunkte ...; (2) die Anerkennung der Existenz des Computers. Der Autor verschlie_t sich nicht vor der Tatsache, da_ die Computermathematik (hier vor allem verstanden als numerische Mathematik) oft interessante Anwendungen der klassischen Analysis bietet. ... (3) die gro_e F]lle von Beispielen und nicht-trivialen (aber lvsbaren) \bungsaufgaben, sowie (4) der hdufige Bezug zu den Anwendungen. ... Sogar die Theorie der gewvhnlichen Differentialgleichungen, vor der manche Lehrbuchautoren eine un]berwindliche Scheu zu haben scheinen, ist gut lesbar dargestellt, mit vern]nftigen Anwendungen. ... kann das Buch jedem Studierenden der Mathematik wegen der F]lle des Gebotenen und wegen des geschickten didaktischen Aufbaus auf das Wdrmste empfohlen werden."ZAMP

This volume presents papers from the biennial International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC), the world's leading event in the field of atmospheric research using lidar. With growing environmental concerns to address such as air quality deterioration, stratospheric ozone depletion, extreme weather events, and changing climate, the lidar technique has never been as critical as it is today to monitor, alert, and help solve current and emerging problems of this century. The 30th occurrence of the ILRC unveils many of the newest results and discoveries in atmospheric science and laser remote sensing technology. The 30th ILRC conference program included all contemporary ILRC themes, leveraging on both the past events' legacy and the latest advances in lidar technologies and scientific discoveries, with participation by young scientists particularly encouraged. This proceedings volume includes a compilation of cutting-edge research on the following themes: new lidar techniques and methodologies; measurement of clouds and aerosol properties; atmospheric temperature, wind, turbulence, and waves; atmospheric boundary layer processes and their role in air quality and climate; greenhouse gases, tracers, and transport in the free troposphere and above; the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere; synergistic use of multiple instruments and techniques, networks and campaigns; model validation and data assimilation using lidar measurements; space-borne lidar missions, instruments and science; ocean lidar instrumentation, techniques, and retrievals; and past, present and future synergy of heterodyne and direct detection lidar applications. In addition, special sessions celebrated 50 years of lidar atmospheric observations since the first ILRC, comprising review talks followed by a plenary discussion on anticipated future directions.

High-altitude illness is a collective term for a cluster of acute clinical syndromes that directly consequence from rapid ascent to high altitude, viz., above 2500 m. The acute syndromes affecting the brain include acute mountain sickness (AMS) and high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE). The current practice of high altitude medicine requires a deep knowledge of existing evidence. However, knowledge of the field is continuously evolving, and there are many gaps in the existing literature as well as areas of controversy despite existing research in the area. Each chapter begins with a real case from the author's clinical practice. After each case, a question is asked to allow the reader to reflect on clinical management before reading the answer and consolidating knowledge from experts in the field. They also focus on the standard practice of management and diagnosis, emphasizing evidence-based care when available as well as areas of uncertainty andactive debate in the medical literature.Written by experts in the field, High Altitude Medicine offers the most up-to-date knowledge about high altitude medicine that is not only useful for physicians at high altitude dedicated centers but also medical providers at different levels of their careers, especially emergency and urgent care physicians who are the ones that initially see the patient.

This book offers a philosophical approach to tourism as a permanent factor in the lifestyle, economy, and culture of the contemporary global community. Travel to well-known destinations and pursuit of an ever-increasing range of leisure activities are an aspiration of most humans today. Those not themselves engaged in tourist activities are quite often involved in providing the goods and services which make tourism possible. Yet the ill effects of mass tourism and overtourism on sensitive ecosystems, resources, and community life have begun to outweigh economic gains, threatening to destroy destinations, cultural heritage, and livelihoods. The editors and contributors of this collection reflect on the nature and meaning of tourism, its history, elements, and forms, the roles of tourist and host, the limits of hospitality, tendencies to excess and the reasons why we engage in such forms of behaviour, and the place of tourism in human culture as a whole. By shedding light on these questions, more efficacious solutions to the urgent problems raised by the practice of tourism can be found. This work is a must-read for scholars, teachers, and students engaged in study and research on philosophy of culture, philosophical anthropology, tourist and destination management, human factors engineering, and sustainability.

This book explains the best practices of the UNCTAD & WTO for trade analysis to the R users community. It shows how to replicate the UNCTAD & WTO's Stata codes in the Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis by using R. Applications and exercises are chosen from the Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis and explain how to implement the codes in R. This books targets readers with a basic knowledge of R. It is particularly suitable for Stata users. This edition has been updated and expanded to include updated R code and visualization tools.

This book covers the wide range of malignant illness and where they intersect with environmental factors. Chapters explore the importance of acknowledging and dealing with the societal implications of anthropogenic climate change, a wider appreciation of the many ways that human industry and activity is changing the environment and contributing to human disease is imperative. In addition to how particular exposures relate to certain malignancies, the book explores historical events that led to the development of cancers in order to help policy makers and patient advocates understand where we have been when considering future initiatives. It also discusses the disparities involved in environmental toxin exposure and look at these cancers in light of the need to reduce cancer disparities. Given the ongoing ecological crisis from climate change and expanding human population and industrialization, this book examines pollution and ecological change to impacts and where human disease can be prevented.

Part 1 Introduction 1 Holm oak and Holm Oak Forests: An Introduction J. Terradas 2 Experimental Areas of Prades and Montseny A. Hereter, J.R. Sánchez Part 2 Stand Structure and Dynamics 3 Stand Structure, Aboveground Biomass and Production J.J. Ibàñez, M.J. Lledó, J.R. Sánchez, F. Rodà 4 Structure and Dynamics of the Root System J. Canadell, A. Djema, B. López, F. Lloret, S. Sabaté, D. Siscart, C.A. Gracia 5 Resprouting Dynamics J.M. Espelta, S. Sabaté, J. Retana 6 Acorn Ecology D. Siscart, V. Diego, F. Lloret 7 Seedling Recruitment J. Retana, J.M. Espelta, M. Gracia, M. Riba 8 A Model of Stand Dynamics For Holm Oak--Aleppo Pine Forests M.A. Zavala Part 3 Light Harvesting and Gas Exchange 9 Leaf Traits and Canopy Organization S. Sabaté, A. Sala, C.A. Gracia 10 Gas Exchange and Water Relations R. Savé, C. Castell, J. Terradas 11 Modelling Canopy Gas Exchange During Summer Drought A. Sala 12 GOTILWA: An Integrated Model of Water Dynamics and Forest Growth C.A. Gracia, E. Tello, S. Sabaté, J. Bellot Part 4 Nutrient Cycling at the Stand Level 13 Water and Nutrient Limitations to Primary Production F. Rod, X. Mayor, S. Sabaté, V. Diego 14 Precipitation Chemistry and Air Pollution A. Escarré, A. Carratal, A. Avila, J. Bellot, J. Piñol, M. Millán 15 Throughfall and Stemflow J. Bellot, A. Avila, A. Rodrigo 16 Soil Nitrogen Dynamics I. Serrasolsas, V. Diego, D. Bonilla 17 Soil Water Chemistry N. Melià, J. Bellot, V.R. Vallejo 18 Nutrient Distribution and Cycling A. Escarré, F. Rodà, J. Terradas, X. Mayor Part 5 Hydrology and Biogeochemistry of Catchments 19 Water Balance in Catchments J. Piñol, A. Avila, A. Escarré 20 Element Budgets in Catchments A. Avila, J. Bellot, J. Piñol 21 Biogeochemical Models A. Avila Part 6 Responses to Disturbances 22 Soil Fertility After Fire and Clear-Cutting I. Serrasolsas, V.R. Vallejo 23 Functional Responses to Thinning C.A. Gracia, S. Sabaté, J.M. Martínez, E. Albeza Part 7 Animals in the Forest: Ecology of Two MainGroups 24 Soil Arthropods P. Andrés, E. Mateos, C. Ascaso 25 Composition and Dynamics of the Bird Community G. López-Iborra, J.A. Gil-Delgado

Genetics of survival.-The human genes that limit AIDS.-Gene protecting against age-related degeneration.-Genes involved in resistance to carcinogenesis.-Leptin and neural circuit regulating body weight.- The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) locus and protection against atherosclerosis.-Does the gene encoding apolipoprotein A-I Milano protect the heart?.-Candidate gene polymorphisms in cardiovascular pathophysiology.-Protective response of endothelial cells.- Genetic factors in malaria resistance.- Genetic basis of resistance to Alzheimer's Disease and related neurodegenerative diseases.-Genes affecting cognitive and emotional functions.-Gene therapy: promises, problems and prospects.-'Good gene' / 'Bad gene'

1 Introduction.- I Preparation of Nanoparticles.- 2 Reprecipitation Method for Organic Nanocrystals.- 3 Laser Ablation Method for Organic Nanoparticles.- 4 Synthesis of Functionalized Polymer Particles.- 5 Synthesis of Photosensitive Dendrimer Molecules.- II Spectroscopy and Manipulation.- 6 Electrodynamic Trap of Single Microparticles.- 7 Lasing Spectroscopy of Single Microspheres.- 8 Microspectroscopy of Single Nanoparticles.- 9 Force Measurement for a Single Nanoparticle.- 10 Laser Manipulation of Single Nanoparticles.- III Theory of Optical Interactions.- 11 Optical Spectrum of a Confined Exciton in a Sphere: A Prototype of Advanced Analyses.- 12 Optical Manipulation of Single Nanoparticles Under a Resonance Condition.- 13 Low-Dimensional Eexcitons in Aromatic Nanoparticles.- IV Physics and Chemistry of Nanoparticles.- 14 Optical Properties of Polymer Nanocrystals.- 15 Photophysics of Capped Nanocrystals and Molecular J-Aggregates.- 16 Near-field Microspectroscopy and Microprocessing of Individual Perylene Microcrystals.- 17 Photochemical Dynamics of Fullerene Nanoparticles.- 18 Structural Relaxation of Dendrimers and Polymer Nanoparticles with Single Chromophores.- 19 Photophysical Properties of Semiconductor Nanocrystals.- 20 Electronic States of Chemically Modified CdS Nanoparticles.- V Physics and Chemistry of Liquid Droplets.- 21 Photoredox Chemistry of Single Microdroplets in Water.- 22 Raman Spectroscopy of a Single Microdroplet.- 23 Picoliter Droplets for Single-Particle and Single-Molecule Imaging.- 24 Auto-Oscillated Vibration of Single Oil Droplets.- VI Materials Application and Future Perspective.- 25 Photon-Force Controlled Molecular Assembling in Solution.- 26 Spectroscopic Analysis of Single Microparticles Under Solution-Flow Conditions.- 27 Stimulus-Responsive Polymer Nanoparticles.- 28 Photonic Band Properties of Ordered Nanoparticle Layers.- 29 Particle-Based Optical Devices.

This unique book is needed because it aims to improve the care of Bipolar clients while strengthening the clinical practices of non-MD psychotherapists. What is different is the proposal that psychotherapists manage the overall care of Bipolar clients. The increased number of publications about Bipolar over the past decades has enhanced the recognition of Bipolar. As many as 16 million individuals in the US may have a Bipolar episode at some point.Psychiatrists have traditionally managed Bipolar clients but there are not enough psychiatrists and they generally spend only 10 to 15 minutes every one to six months with their clients--often not enough time to recognize oncoming Bipolar episodes. Therapeutic strategy has changed from treating acute episodes to postponing next episodes. Psychotherapists see their clients for 50 minutes every week and are in a better position to recognize developing episodes. Psychotherapists do not prescribe and medicines are usually needed along with psychotherapy for best results. This book encourages psychotherapists to vet and collaborate with prescribers in caring for the therapists' Bipolar clients.Lacking in the psychotherapists' armamentarium for treating Bipolar clients is education regarding diagnostic signs, symptoms, and treatment including the most productive medications. This book provides therapists and clients the needed information and encourages academic departments and other psychotherapy programs to institute training about Bipolar Disorders.

Taking a truly interdisciplinary approach to the topic, Functional Limb Salvage is a ready reference for all clinicians and surgeons treating this patient population, including plastic, vascular, orthopedic and podiatric surgeons and their support staff. The content of this text is focused on defining and expanding upon the importance and, more specifically, the intricacies of the multidisciplinary team approach. Although this is often touched upon or cited as an integral aspect of care, there are only sparse descriptions of the interplay of multiple team members in concert with the care of this challenging patient population. This comprehensive text opens with definitions, demographics, epidemiology, pathophysiology and etiology of the limb salvage patient population, whether due to infection, ischemia or deformity. The multidisciplinary team itself is then outlined, from the who, when and where of the intervention to the role of the individual clinicians themselves; from vascular and plastic surgeons to podiatric and orthopedic surgeons, multiple medical specialties, and with thorough attention to the integral support staff of NPs, PAs and many others. History and assessment are then discussed as a prelude to both conservative and surgical treatments, including wound healing optimization, orthotics and prosthetics, skin grafting, amputation, bioengineered tissue and more. A final chapter on innovation and landmark publications rounds out the presentation.

It is truer in neurology than in any other system of medicine that a firm knowledge of basic science material, that is, the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the nervous system, enables one to readily arrive at the diagnosis of where the disease process is located and to apply their knowledge at solving problems in clinical situations. The purpose of this textbook is to enable a neuroscientist to discuss the structure and functions of the brain at a level appropriate for students at many levels of study including undergraduate, graduate, dental, or medical school level. The authors have a long experience in teaching neuroscience courses at the first- or second-year level to medical and dental students and to residents in which clinical information and clinical problem-solving are integral to the course. The authors reach this object by integrating basic sciences with neurological clinical cases containing MRI, CT or fMRI images.

Ermittelung von Höhen auf dem Monde.

Are you interested in animals and do you want to scientifically study their behaviour through observations or experiments? With this book, you will gain the necessary knowledge to conduct scientific research objectively, design experiments rigorously, and start analysing behavioural data effectively. Most importantly, you will learn to measure animal behaviour using different sampling techniques. In addition, you will read about the most used and latest technical devices that are advancing the study of animal behaviour. Thus, read this book if you want to learn how to design, conduct, analyse and write up your animal behaviour research or if you wish to refresh your knowledge and look up specific behavioural methods.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal, inherited, neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by chorea, motor instabilities, psychiatric manifestations and cognitive decline. Early genetic testing provides an opportunity for clinical interventions aimed at delaying onset and/or slowing progression of disease; however, current treatments for HD are limited, with only two FDA-approved drugs available to manage chorea. Encouragingly, however, several disease-modifying treatment approaches are in the therapeutic pipeline, with more than 200 clinical studies, and many more preclinical studies, in the works. Robust and reliable biomarkers are needed to predict disease onset, monitor disease progression and assess treatment responses. More specifically, biomarkers to stratify patients for clinical trials and biomarkers to track drug efficacy will certainly lead to improved clinical trial design and success. This book represents the first book focused solely on biomarkers for HD and represents adistinct resource that will be informative, not only for clinicians and those involved in clinical trial design, but also for a wide range of neurodegenerative disease researchers. This edited volume is written by top leaders in the field, and takes a cross-disciplinary approach to cover a broad spectrum of biomarker types, in order to provide the latest advances in the development of biochemical, molecular, imaging and digital biomarkers that have been investigated for HD. With the ultimate goal of treating patients, the development of disease-associated biomarkers has never been more important.

This is an open access book. Colorectal surgery is one of the most performed procedures in dedicated colorectal and general surgery units worldwide. In the last two decades, the minimally invasive laparoscopic approach has become very popular worldwide, attracting great interest among patients (lower risk of infection, less pain, and faster recovery) and demonstrating excellent oncological results. Technology is improving rapidly, offering revolutionary innovations, particularly with the advent of robotic surgery, which offers important advantages over laparoscopy for both surgeons and patients: improved ergonomics, wristed instruments, and a better vision. These advantages may be particularly useful for more complex and challenging situations (complete mesocolic excision, low rectal cancer, one-stage treatment of colorectal and liver metastases, etc.), translating into potential improved surgical and oncological results. Although several books have been published on the subject, the great interest in robotic surgery makes it mandatory, in our opinion, to have a general update in view of the latest technical innovations and the results of the most relevant and recent literature. The book is divided into chapters dealing with the different colorectal segments with their robotic surgical operations and specific technical variants. The new frontiers of benign and emergency colorectal diseases are also considered, as well as the new robotic platforms recently introduced in the healthcare market. Some of them, such as the da Vinci SP single port device, may represent a revolutionary approach for this surgery. Training and cost aspects were also considered.

This two-volume set constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 30th European Conference on Systems, Software and Services Process Improvement, EuroSPI 2023, held in Grenoble, France, in August-September 2023.The 47 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 100 submissions. The papers are organized according to the following topical sections: SPI and emerging and multidisciplinary approaches to software engineering; digitalisation of industry, infrastructure and e-mobility; SPI and good/bad SPI practices in improvement; SPI and functional safety and cybersecurity; SPI and agile; SPI and standards and safety and security norms; sustainability and life cycle challenges; SPI and recent innovations; virtual reality and augmented reality.

?- Convergence for Infinite Dimensional Optimal Control Problems.- A Degenerate Two-point Problem.- Bounded Solutions for a Class of Quasi-linear Parabolic Problems with a Quadratic Gradient Term.- Degenerate Evolution Systems Modeling the Cardiac Electric Field at Micro- and Macroscopic Level.- Singular Limits for Nonlinear Hyperbolic Systems.- Bounded Perturbations of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Semigroups.- Degenerate Integrodifferential Equations of Volterra Type in Banach Space.- On a Class of Quasi Linear Equations in Infinite-dimensional Spaces.- Uniform Attractors of Nonautonomous Dynamical Systems with Memory.- On some Mathematical Aspects of the Ring Cavity Problem.- Hadamard Well-posedness of Weak Solutions in Nonlinear Dynamic Elasticity-full von Karman Systems.- Applications des sommes d'opérateurs dans l'étude du comportement singulier des solutions dans les problèmes elliptiques.- Some Identification Problems Related to Thermal Materials with Loss of Memory.- On Generators of Noncommuting Semigroups: Sums, Interpolation, Regularity.- Well-posedness for Nonautonomous Abstract Cauchy Problems.- The Cauchy Problem for a Semilinear Heat Equation with Singular Initial Data.- Well-posedness and Asymptotic Behaviour of Non-autonomous Linear Evolution Equations.- Abstract Hyperbolic Equations in Non-reflexive Spaces.- Min-Max Game Theory and Optimal Control with Indefinite Cost under a Singular Estimate for eAtB in the Absence of Analyticity.- Quasilinear Abstract Parabolic Evolution Equations with Applications.

This book provides a concise overview of recent advances in Pharmacokinetics (PK) and Pharmacodynamics (PD). The pharmacokinetics section covers the state of the art inPhysiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling (Chapter 1) as well as the assessment of food effect on drug absorption using PBPK modeling (Chapter 2). Chapters 3 and 4 describe the recent development ofPhysiologically Based Finite Time Pharmacokinetic (PBFTPK) models andtheir applications to pharmacokinetic data. The pharmacodynamics section focuses on PK/PD modeling. Chapter 5 providesan overview of PK/PD modeling and simulation in clinical practice andstudies. Chapter 6 deals with the subject/physiology variability issue encountered in PK/PD studies, while Chapter 7 reviews the influence ofclinical pharmacology in the modernization of drug development and regulation. This book is an essential reference for pharmaceutical scientists.

This book overviews purinergic receptors that are playing key roles in human and pathophysiological processes. The book elaborates on how selective P1 and P2 modulators have been developed as therapeutics for a variety of diseases. It also provides an overview of current perspectives in the design of purinergic receptor modulators and future challenges such as the availability of selective ligands for all receptor subtypes.Divided into 12 chapters, this comprehensive volume also offers a multidisciplinary perspective on the historical evolution, starting with a chapter devoted to the roots and early discoveries of adenosine and its receptors, followed by a twenty-year retrospective on the synthesis, properties, and functional potential of adenosine receptor ligands, probes, and functional conjugates. In the next chapters, experts in the field delve into topics such as the therapeutic potential of adenosine receptor ligands in wound healing and fibrosis, the therapeutic benefits of A2A receptor antagonists, the A2B adenosine receptor as a target for brain ischemia or demyelination, the development and latest advancements in clinical trials of A3 adenosine receptor ligands. Other chapters describe bifunctional tools to study adenosine receptors, allosteric modulators of adenosine receptors, and new computational approaches to inspect adenosine receptor-ligand recognition processes. Furthermore, the book discusses the role of P2X4 receptors in immunity and inflammation. The final chapters illustrate CD73 inhibitors as antitumor agents, and bacterial ectonucleotidases as underexplored antibacterial drug targets. This book is a valuable resource for scholars working in the field of medicinal chemistry, as well as researchers in the industry, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of adenosine receptor biology and its therapeutic potential.

This book highlights key findings generated during the past years from the main disciplines that constitute Physical Virology, from theoretical physics and simulations to material sciences and vaccines development to structural biology. Each chapter is written by world-class scientists from these areas and is a comprehensive review of where this field stands, as well as the future of Physical Virology. The diversity in the formal training of these scientists results in solving common problems using very distinct approaches, which can produce surprising findings. The multi- and interdisciplinary nature of this field has created a remarkable community that aims at understanding how viruses work and how they can be used in material sciences, chemistry, and biomedicine. Furthermore, the development of Physical Virology has resulted in technological advances that have shaped other fields; for example, it would be impossible to think about the development of Cryo-EM to solve the structure of complex viruses with atomic resolution without the contribution of scientists that created the field of Physical Virology. In the past decade, there has been a great success in the generation of viral systems that can encapsulate drugs, non-viral genetic material, or nanoparticles, as well as in the chemical and genetical modification of virions. Without any doubt in the immediate future, some of these technologies will jump from the bench to the market, creating a revolution in translational and biomedical sciences. The book provides key perspectives for the field, derived from expert´s opinions.

This book is about dynamic capabilities (DCs) in the context of the 21st century, in which global challenges seem to come from different quadrants. For instance, an environmental threat to the planet´s sustainability, or technological advancements disrupting the traditional value chains call for new business models accompanying societal trends. Although the usual approach in dealing with these business models is from a competitiveness perspective, the editors of this book avoid it as the approach seems reductive of what the organizations are required to be aware of and cope with in the modern world only to their organizational ecosystems.The book offers a compilation of studies on dynamic capabilities covering both cognitive and non-cognitive DCs, according to the managerial and leadership aspects of technological capabilities. Each chapter obeys a certain order, within a particular category of DCs, and their reading along the book is telling a story, showing seminal DCs that a company cannot neglect in the current world. Their grouping also is structured in one way that one might be a preparatory reading for another. Researchers working on the dynamic capabilities approach will particularly benefit from the discussions provided within this book.