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The purpose of this unique handbook is to examine the transformation of the philosophy of mathematics from its origins in the history of mathematical practice to the present. It aims to synthesize what is known and what has unfolded so far, as well as to explore directions in which the study of the philosophy of mathematics, as evident in increasingly diverse mathematical practices, is headed. Each section offers insights into the origins, debates, methodologies, and newer perspectives that characterize the discipline today. Contributions are written by scholars from mathematics, history, and philosophy - as well as other disciplines that have contributed to the richness of perspectives abundant in the study of philosophy today - who describe various mathematical practices throughout different time periods and contrast them with the development of philosophy. Editorial Advisory Board Andrew Aberdein, Florida Institute of Technology, USA Jody Azzouni, Tufts University, USA Otávio Bueno, University of Miami, USA William Byers, Concordia University, Canada Carlo Cellucci, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy Chandler Davis, University of Toronto, Canada (1926-2022) Paul Ernest, University of Exeter, UK Michele Friend, George Washington University, USA Reuben Hersh, University of New Mexico, USA (1927-2020) Kyeong-Hwa Lee, Seoul National University, South Korea Yuri Manin, Max Planck Institute for Mathematics, Germany (1937-2023) Athanase Papadopoulos, University of Strasbourg, France Ulf Persson, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden John Stillwell, University of San Francisco, USA David Tall, University of Warwick, UKThis book with its exciting depth and breadth, illuminates us about the history, practice, and the very language of our subject; about the role of abstraction, of proof and manners of proof; about the interplay of fundamental intuitions; about algebraic thought in contrast to geometric thought. The richness of mathematics and the philosophy encompassing it is splendidly exhibited over the wide range of time these volumes cover---from deep platonic and neoplatonic influences to the most current experimental approaches. Enriched, as well, with vivid biographies and brilliant personal essays written by (and about) people who play an important role in our tradition, this extraordinary collection of essays is fittingly dedicated to the memory of Chandler Davis, Reuben Hersh, and Yuri Manin.---Barry Mazur, Gerhard Gade University Professor, Harvard UniversityThis encyclopedic Handbook will be a treat for all those interested in the history and philosophy of mathematics. Whether one is interested in individuals (from Pythagoras through Newton and Leibniz to Grothendieck), fields (geometry, algebra, number theory, logic, probability, analysis), viewpoints (from Platonism to Intuitionism), or methods (proof, experiment, computer assistance), the reader will find a multitude of chapters that inform and fascinate.---John Stillwell, Emeritus Professor of Mathematics, University of San Francisco; Recipient of the 2005 Chauvenet PrizeDedicating a volume to the memory of three mathematicians - Chandler Davis, Reuben Hersh, and Yuri Manin -, who went out of their way to show to a broader audience that mathematics is more than what they might think, is an excellent initiative. Gathering authors coming from many different backgrounds but who are very strict about the essays they write was successfully achieved by the editor-in-chief. The result: a great source of potential inspiration!---Jean-Pierre Bourguignon; Nicolaas Kuiper Honorary Professor at the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques

This volume teaches readers how to sort through the vast mountain of climate and environmental science data to extract actionable insights. With the advancements in sensing technology, we now observe petabytes of data related to climate and the environment. While the volume of data is impressive, collecting big data for the sake of data alone proves to be of limited utility. Instead, our quest is for actionable data that can drive tangible actions and meaningful impact.Yet, unearthing actionable insights from the accumulated big data and delivering them to global stakeholders remains a burgeoning field. Although traditional data mining struggles to keep pace with data accumulation, scientific evolution has spurred the emergence of new technologies like numeric modeling and machine learning. These cutting-edge tools are now tackling grand challenges in climate and the environment, from forecasting extreme climate events and enhancing environmental productivity to monitoring greenhouse gas emissions, fostering smart environmental solutions, and understanding aerosols. Additionally, they model environmental-human interactions, inform policy, and steer markets towards a healthier and more environment-friendly direction.While there's no universal solution to address all these formidable tasks, this book takes us on a guided journey through three sections, enriched with chapters from domain scientists. Part I defines actionable science and explores what truly renders data actionable. Part II showcases compelling case studies and practical use scenarios, illustrating these principles in action. Finally, Part III provides an insightful glimpse into the future of actionable science, focusing on the pressing climate and environmental issues we must confront.Embark on this illuminating voyage with us, where big data meets practical research, and discover how our collective efforts move us closer to a sustainable and thriving future. This book is an invitation to unlock the mysteries of our environment, transforming data into decisive action for generations to come.

This book reviews cell-free production systems, exploring the frontiers in cellular engineering and biotechnology. With contributions from experts in the field, the book offers a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the latest advancements and practical applications. The volume covers a diverse range of topics, beginning with an in-depth analysis of cell-free display techniques for protein evolution, shedding light on the methodologies used to engineer proteins for diverse purposes, followed by an examination of bottom-up synthetic biology employing cell-free protein synthesis. Additionally, it investigates the intricacies of the cell-free synthesis of metalloproteins, elucidating the unique properties and functionalities of these biologically important molecules.In this book, particular attention is given to the integration of cell-free production systems with droplet microfluidics, a pioneering approach that has revolutionized research activities in both academic and industrial settings. Readers will also discover the latest advancements in cell-free protein synthesis and immobilization, and find out more about the eCell technology, which combines cell-free protein synthesis with bio-sensing and remediation, revolutionizing critical areas of study in biotechnology. Together with the companion volume entitled "Cell-free Production: System Development", both books highlight the research progresses on the basic and applied research of cell-free production systems in the last few years, and are invaluable resources for scholars, researchers, and bioengineers. This book also appeals to enthusiasts of synthetic biology.

This is an introductory textbook on general and algebraic topology, aimed at anyone with a basic knowledge of calculus and linear algebra. It provides full proofs and includes many examples and exercises. The covered topics include: set theory and cardinal arithmetic; axiom of choice and Zorn's lemma; topological spaces and continuous functions; con- nectedness and compactness; Alexandrov compactification; quotient topol- ogies; countability and separation axioms; prebasis and Alexander's theorem; the Tychonoff theorem and paracompactness; complete metric spaces and function spaces; Baire spaces; homotopy of maps; the fundamental group; the van Kampen theorem; covering spaces; Brouwer and Borsuk's theorems; free groups and free product of groups and basic category theory. While it is very concrete at the beginning, abstract concepts are gradually introduced. This second edition contains a new chapter with a topological introduction to sheaf cohomology and applications. It also corrects some inaccuracies and some additional exercises are proposed. The textbook is suitable for anyone needing a basic, comprehensive introduction to general and algebraic topology and its applications.

This book analyses new forms of human trafficking taking into account the transposition of the Directive 2011/36/UE which sets out minimum standards to be applied throughout the European Union in preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims. Sexual exploitation of trafficked persons is at its highest rate. After COVID-19, new forms of sexual exploitation have been identified, specifically in the Global South. The book analyses new forms of exploitation used by traffickers to coerce victims. Combining the perspectives of academic researchers with those of highly skilled professionals from governmental institutions, this book is a unique contribution, promoting collaboration in preventing and combating human trafficking crime, and in raising awareness of this ongoing problem.

This open access book examines the many contributions of Paul Lorenzen, an outstanding philosopher from the latter half of the 20th century. It features papers focused on integrating Lorenzen's original approach into the history of logic and mathematics. The papers also explore how practitioners can implement Lorenzen's systematical ideas in today's debates on proof-theoretic semantics, databank management, and stochastics. Coverage details key contributions of Lorenzen to constructive mathematics, Lorenzen's work on lattice-groups and divisibility theory, and modern set theory and Lorenzen's critique of actual infinity. The contributors also look at the main problem of Grundlagenforschung and Lorenzen's consistency proof and Hilbert's larger program. In addition, the papers offer a constructive examination of a Russell-style Ramified Type Theory and a way out of the circularity puzzle within the operative justification of logic and mathematics. Paul Lorenzen's name is associated with the Erlangen School of Methodical Constructivism, of which the approach in linguistic philosophy and philosophy of science determined philosophical discussions especially in Germany in the 1960s and 1970s. This volume features 10 papers from a meeting that took place at the University of Konstanz.

This research aims to uncover new insights into minority housing strategies and their impact on densely populated urban areas. The study assumes that as space becomes scarce, inter and intra groups interactions in the urban space motivate people to maximize the utility of the resources at their disposal. This 'stretch' of the built environment provides them with critical selective advantages and a sense of security and belonging. Based on two neighbourhoods in London, it contributes to our understanding of housing decisions in the context of illegality and shows the capacity of a given urban form for adaptation: It creates a new semi-private/public space, partly segregated yet deeply integrated; a sphere that, on the one hand, enables traditional 'nested' places and, on the other, a fertile environment for integration. This manuscript contributes two new ideas to the knowledge base of residential selections and the geography of opportunities. The first is a detailed analysis of a hyper-segregation/integration pattern resulting from complementary residential strategies operating at the individual unit level. The second is multidimensional stretching, a bottom-up initiation that allows individuals to maximize resources through territorial and spatial practices.

This book presents an overview of the techniques available today for the removal of fluoride contamination/pollutants/species from water. Also covered are traditionally applied techniques for the removal of fluoride pollutants/species, including oxidation, coagulation-flocculation, and membrane techniques. Recently, progress has been made on the utility of various nanoparticles for the extraction of contaminants from water. Fluoride contamination is affecting water resources quality worldwide as a result of human activities, such as mining and pesticide use. Due to the high risk of fluoride exposure, specific water treatment processes are required to meet more severe water quality standards. A better understanding of currently available processes is necessary to develop economical, efficient, and effective methods for fluoride removal. Fluoride can either be coated, adsorbed using a wide range of both mineral and organic constituents or can be directly rejected by membrane processes, such as reverse osmosis and nanofiltration. Recent developments of submerged hybrid membrane systems, such as membrane bioreactors in wastewater treatment, provide alternative technologies for fluoride treatment.

This book is a significant contribution within and across High Energy Physics and Algebraic Combinatorics. It is at the forefront of the recent paradigm shift according to which physical observables emerge from geometry and combinatorics. It is the first book on the amplituhedron, which encodes the scattering amplitudes of N=4 Yang-Mills theory, a cousin of the theory of strong interactions of quarks and gluons. Amplituhedra are generalizations of polytopes inside the Grassmannian, and they build on the theory of total positivity and oriented matroids. This book unveils many new combinatorial structures of the amplituhedron and introduces a new important related object, the momentum amplituhedron. Moreover, the work pioneers the connection between amplituhedra, cluster algebras and tropical geometry. Combining extensive introductions with proofs and examples, it is a valuable resource for researchers investigating geometrical structures emerging from physics for some time to come.

This book helps nursing students increase the quality of their clinical reasoning and therefore the quality of care. It teaches students to recognize when clinical reasoning is needed, and what reasoning is involved, and to avoid reasoning errors. This is important for nurses, since good quality of their clinical reasoning leads to a good quality of their decisions. Thus, it is directly connected to better nursing care. This volume is based on current knowledge about learning complex cognitive skills. From this knowledge, four sets of standard questions have been formulated that allow students to develop cognitive scripts for reasoning about diagnosis, etiology, prognosis, and interventions. Special attention is payed to diversity-sensitive reasoning in this English edition. From the 4C/ID model, a scientific educational whole task model for learning and developing and complex cognitive skills, complexity levels, learning tasks and subtask exercises are included. Learning clinical reasoning is supported with case videos and flash lectures, among other things. It consists of three parts: the first part, on clinical reasoning, is written for first- and second-year bachelor students in nursing. Part two, on evidence-based practice (EBP), is also suitable for later years. It teaches students to read and critically appraise scientific articles, and to assess whether they can be used in their own practice. Part three contains more in-depth information, extra explanations, examples, and material that teachers can use in a flexible way. This book is illustrated with videos.The translation from Dutch to English was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). The authors have subsequently revised the text further in an endeavour to refine the work stylistically.

A strong grasp of elementary statistics and probability, along with basic skills in using R, is essential for various scientific disciplines reliant on data analysis. This book serves as a gateway to learning statistical methods from scratch, assuming a solid background in high school mathematics. Readers gradually progress from basic concepts to advanced statistical modelling, with examples from actuarial, biological, ecological, engineering, environmental, medicine, and social sciences highlighting the real-world relevance of the subject. An accompanying R package enables seamless practice and immediate application, making it ideal for beginners. The book comprises 19 chapters divided into five parts. Part I introduces basic statistics and the R software package, teaching readers to calculate simple statistics and create basic data graphs. Part II delves into probability concepts, including rules and conditional probability, and introduces widelyused discrete and continuous probability distributions (e.g., binomial, Poisson, normal, log-normal). It concludes with the central limit theorem and joint distributions for multiple random variables. Part III explores statistical inference, covering point and interval estimation, hypothesis testing, and Bayesian inference. This part is intentionally less technical, making it accessible to readers without an extensive mathematical background. Part IV addresses advanced probability and statistical distribution theory, assuming some familiarity with (or concurrent study of) mathematical methods like advanced calculus and linear algebra. Finally, Part V focuses on advanced statistical modelling using simple and multiple regression and analysis of variance, laying the foundation for further studies in machine learning and data science applicable to various data and decision analytics contexts. Based on years of teaching experience, this textbook includes numerousexercises and makes extensive use of R, making it ideal for year-long data science modules and courses. In addition to university courses, the book amply covers the syllabus for the Actuarial Statistics 1 examination of the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries in London. It also provides a solid foundation for postgraduate studies in statistics and probability, or a reliable reference for statistics.

This curated book addresses, in the scholarly realm, the problems of soil degradation and provides some practical solutions for them to save soil life. It comprises ten specially invited chapters that address the global soil framework, soil challenges in India, existing policy, law and institutional framework as well as other perspectives.Soil is our biological capital. The soil health is critical for survival of the humans (and other life forms) since almost 95% of our food comes from it. It also has significant potential as a sink for carbon through sequestering. Excessive and inappropriate land use leads to various forms of land degradation that becomes contributing factor for hunger, migration and even wars. There are several multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) including UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) that hold relevance for addressing the global soil problematique. The UNCCD Strategic Framework (2018-2030) has declared desertification/land degradation and drought (DLDD) as ¿challenges of a global dimension¿. As a result, sustainable soil management (SSM) has emerged as an important goal for attaining Sustainable Development Goals 2030 (SDGs 2030).In the backdrop of these globally ordained processes, India appears to be seriously pursuing the Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) target within the framework of the UNCCD. As a corollary, India has set an ambitious goal of halting any further land degradation by 2030 and rehabilitate at least 30 million hectares of degraded wasteland, forest land and agricultural land.This ideational effort by eminent legal scholars, soil scientists and practitioners aim to promote concerted teaching and research in the field of soil law and governance in the University Faculties of Law, National Law Schools, Institutions of Eminence and other legal and scientific bodies. The ¿seeds sown¿ in the soil of knowledge through this effort will, hopefully, provide an impetus for more in-depth research concerning soil law and governance in India and beyond.

Zum Problem der Begegnungssterne Untersuchungen an 11 visuellen Doppelsternen.

This book articulates an educational theory as well as a political theory of the Anthropocene. Divided into three sections it addresses educational anthropology, cultures and institutions, and educational recommendations in the Anthropocene. Topics covered in the volume measure the impact of the idea of the Anthropocene on the type of anthropology that underlies education and on a phenomenology of relationship. It links the notion of the Anthropocene with cultures and institutions so as not to 'smooth out' or erase the latter. Finally, it presents proposals and recommendations for educational practices.The work advocates rethinking education as an essential component in ensuring the sustainability of human life in society - by proposing to go beyond the approach of education for sustainable development or environmental education. The work also brings together empirical contributions in which proposals are elaborated for programs, pedagogical devices and experiments relating to the preparation of the future in the field of education. This volume is of interest to researchers of the Anthropocene.

Ergebnisse klimamorphologischer Untersuchungen im Wienerwald.

The History and Biology of Marek's Disease Virus.- Pathogenesis of Marek's Disease Virus Infection.- Protective Efficacy of Marek's Disease Vaccines.- Immune Responses to Marek's Disease Virus Infection.- Genetic Resistance to Marek's Disease.- The Genomic Structure of Marek's Disease Virus.- Protein-Coding Content of the Sequence of Marek's Disease virus Serotype 1.- A complete Genomic DNA Sequence of Marek's Disease Virus Type 2 Strain HPRS24.- Marek's Disease Virus Latency.- Meq, an MDV-Specific bZIP Transactivator with Transforming Properties.- Polyvalent Recombinant Marek's Disease Virus Vaccine Against Poultry Diseases.

This book provides a Finnish perspective on high-quality teaching in higher education and explores Finnish approaches on teaching, learning and supporting students. It addresses the concepts of quality in teaching, teaching excellence and effective teaching in today's higher education in which the student body has become increasingly international and heterogenous. The book discusses how the role of the teacher has changed from authority to facilitator in the past decades while many students still value their university experience based on the teachers they encounter. The book provides a practitioner view on how students can be supported through communication, compassion and expertise and how professional and pedagogical development are essential for high-quality teaching in an increasingly competitive, diverse and online world of higher education. The book introduces the principles of Finnish higher education and universities, and the Finnish education system in connection with the approach to teaching, teacher education and the highly valued profession of a teacher. What is good teaching in higher education? It can consist of the learning environment, the location, the students and the teacher, and many studies show that effective, compassionate, skilled and humanist teachers will leave their mark on students. It is also equally important for teachers to invest in pedagogical training and conduct research on teaching practices, experiments and students' perceptions as part of professional development. International classrooms also require specific considerations, as does online learning. The COVID-19 pandemic forced a substantial transfer to online and blended learning in higher education, but can quality teaching exist online, or have we passed the baton to students to be in charge of their learning, to study even more independently?

The book represents a multidisciplinary approach to understanding soil¿landscape¿vegetation relationships and, specifically, the ecophysiology of plant communities developing on sandy soils of very low fertility that are subject to seasonal flooding. It provides an overview of the white sand ecosystems within the Amazon basin, and focuses on the forest and herbaceous (meadows) vegetation growing on the dystrophic sandy soils of the upper Negro and Orinoco river basins. Several chapters describe physiographic aspects of the study area using integrated remote sensing and in situ sampling. By doing so they attain a comprehensive description of the origin and evolution of soils and landscapes, an advanced classification of soils, and a mapping of the geographic distribution of psammophilous vegetation. This volume also provides a phytosociological classification of extensive forested areas, and a detailed description of the structure and diversity of little-known herbaceous formations.It targets professionals in the fields of ecology, ecophysiology, geomorphology, soils, vegetation, and the environmental sciences. The information it offers may be of significant use to researchers, protected area planners, and environmental policy makers.

The book covers a wide range of subjects and techniques related to mixed boundary problems of elasticity from basic concepts to special techniques that are unlikely to appear in traditional university graduate courses. This book may also be of interest to industrial researchers who encounter defects such as cracks and inclusions of different materials in mechanisms under different localization and type of loading. So the topics present the application of mathematical mechanics of solid bodies notably in elasticity, showing the interconnection of elasticity and temperature that would normally treated independently. Theoretical and experimental results are expected to be useful for researchers investigating a wide range of materials including metals, composites, ceramics, polymers, biomaterials and nanomaterials under different mechanical and temperature loading. The aim of the book is to introduce an interdisciplinary audience to a variety of stress state phenomena occurring in elasticity near defects and edges of the bodies. The book is aimed at researchers, primarily but not exclusively graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, specialists from Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Materials Science, and Engineering Mechanics and should naturally also be of interest to specialists of Physics and Applied Mathematics.

Fachlaufbahn -ein Beitrag zur Flexibilisierung und Mitarbeiterorientierung der Personalentwicklung.- Fachlauf bahnen in der industriellen Forschung & Entwicklung.- Die Gestaltungsrealität der Fachlauf bahn in der industriellen Forschung und Entwicklung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Eine Pilotuntersuchung.- Fachlauf bahnen in der EDV-Abteilung -ein konzeptioneller Beitrag zur Einführung eines Fachlauf bahnmodells.- Fachlauf bahn in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmungen.- Alternative Barrieren bei DIGITAL.- Fachlauf bahnen bei Dornier.- Parallele Karrierelauf bahnen bei 3M.- Fach-/Führungslauf bahn-Konzept der HEWLETT-PACKARD GMBH.- Die Fachliche Führungslauf bahn im Unternehmen IBM.- Entwicklung eines Lauf bahn-und Gehaltssystems in einem mittelständischen Unternehmen.- Fachlauf bahnen bei KARSTADT AG.

1 Kombinatorische Synthese.- 1.1 Einführung.- 1.2 Der Prozeß der Wirkstofffindung.- 1.3 Was ist kombinatorische Synthese?.- Literatur.- 2 Bibliothekssynthese an Harzkörnern.- 2.1 Festphasenchemie.- 2.2 Harzkörner.- 2.2.1 Quervernetztes Polystyren.- 2.2.2 Polyamidharze.- 2.2.3 Poröses Glaskorn.- 2.2.4 TentaGel-Harz.- 2.2.5 Magnetische Beads.- 2.3 Beschleunigung der Peptidsynthese.- 2.4 Split & Mix-Bibliothekssynthese.- 2.5 Peptidbibliotheken.- 2.6 Positional Scanning.- 2.7 Orthogonale kombinatorische Bibliotheken.- 2.8 Bibliotheksnomenklatur.- 2.9 Schlußbemerkung.- Literatur.- 3 Andere Festphasen.- 3.1 Bibliotheken an Multipins.- 3.2 Bibliotheken an Winks.- 3.3 Bibliotheken an laminaren Festphasen.- 3.3.1 Lichtgesteuerte Parallelsynthese.- 3.3.2 Papier.- 3.3.3 Laminare Polymere.- Literatur.- 4 Bibliothekssynthese in Lösungsphase.- 4.1 Einleitung.- 4.2 Parallelsynthese in Lösung.- 4.3 Indizierte kombinatorische Bibliotheken.- 4.4 Templat-basierte Bibliotheken.- 4.5 Kombinatorische Synthese in Flüssigphase.- 4.6 Kombinatorische Chemie an Dendrimerträgern.- 4.7 Bibliotheken in Lösungsphase mit Flüssig-flüssig-Reinigung.- 4.8 Chemie in fluorierter Lösung.- 4.9 Chemie in Lösung mit Festphasenreagenzien.- 4.10 Chemie in Lösung mit Harzabfangreaktion.- 4.11 Chemie in Lösung mit polymeren Reagenzien.- 4.12 Zusammenfassung.- Literatur.- 5 Codierte kombinatorische Synthese.- 5.1 Einleitung.- 5.2 Voraussetzungen für die Codierung.- 5.3 Beispiele markierter Bibliotheken.- 5.3.1 Oligonucleotid-Tags.- 5.3.2 Peptid-Tags.- 5.3.3 Halogenaromatische Tags.- 5.3.4 Sekundäre Amine-Tags.- 5.3.5 Isotopencodierung.- 5.4 Hochfrequenz-Tags.- 5.5 Laseroptische Codierung.- 5.6 Fluorophor-Codierung.- 5.7 Zusammenfassung.- Literatur.- 6 Jenseits von Peptidbibliotheken.- 6.1 Die Entwicklung von Nicht-Peptidbibliotheken.- 6.2 Oligonucleotidbibliotheken.- 6.3 Oligosaccharide.- 6.4 Andere Oligomere.- 6.4.1 Unnatürliche Peptide.- 6.4.2 Bibliotheken aus Bibliotheken.- 6.4.3 Oligocarbamate.- 6.4.4 Oligoharnstoffe.- 6.4.5 Peptidosulfonamide.- 6.4.6 Azatide.- 6.4.7 Polyisoxazoline.- 6.4.8 Peptidylphosphonate.- 6.5 Chiron-Peptoide.- 6.6 Zusammenfassung.- Literatur.- 7 Bibliothekssynthesen an Festphasen.- 7.1 Linker.- 7.1.1 Carbonsäure-Linker.- 7.1.2 Carbonsäureamid-Linker.- 7.1.3 Alkohol-Linker.- 7.1.4 Amin-Linker.- 7.1.5 Spurlose Linker.- 7.1.6 Lichtspaltbare Linker.- 7.2 Die Entwicklung der Festphasenchemie.- 7.3 Ausgewählte Beispiele der Festphasenchemie.- 7.3.1 Palladium-katalysierte Kopplungen.- 7.3.2 Mitsunobu-Kopplungen.- 7.3.3 Heterocyclische Synthese.- 7.3.4 Cycloadditionen.- 7.3.5 Enolat-Alkylierungen.- 7.3.6 Die Ugi-Reaktion.- 7.4 Zusammenfassung.- Literatur.- 8 Analyse der Chemie und der Produkte.- 8.1 Analyse des Erfolgs einer Synthese.- 8.2 IR-Analyse des Beads.- 8.3 Festphasen-NMR.- 8.3.1 Kohlenstoff- 13-NMR.- 8.3.2 Fluor-19-NMR.- 8.3.3 Phosphor-31-NMR.- 8.3.4 Magic-Angle-Spinning-NMR.- 8.4 Massenspektrometrie.- 8.4.1 Die Analyse der Festphasen-Chemie.- 8.4.2 Die Identifizierung aktiver Bibliothekskomponenten.- Literatur.- 9 Anwendungen der kombinatorischen Chemie.- 9.1 Einfluß der kombinatorischen Chemie auf die Wirkstoff findung.- 9.2 Virtuelle Bibliotheken und kombinatorische Chemie.- 9.3 Kombinatorische Chemie: eine Schlußbetrachtung.- Literatur.- Ausgewählte Fachwörter Englisch-Deutsch.

In this book, a summary and update of the most important areas of cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) research are presented, while raising relevant questions for further development. The CPP sequences are presented and discussed throughout the book. The methods for testing CPP mechanisms are discussed in detail. Various approaches for the testing of endocytotic pathways of CPP uptake are also described. Different CPP uptake experiments are compared since it is becoming clear that it is often best to apply several methods in a complementary manner in order to most comprehensively evaluate CPP uptake mechanisms due to the complexity of these processes. A brief summary of functionality issues of CPPs, both in vitro and in vivo, is discussed. Therapeutic potential of CPPs and commercial developments are discussed.The present, second edition of this book is the updated and expanded version of the first edition, published in 2019. The development of the field of cell-penetrating peptides in these five years has been obvious and exciting.This second edition of the book has been partly reorganized and comprehensively expanded with the exciting research in 2019-2023. Around 2500 novel scientific articles have become available, most of them are reviewed in the second edition. Additional rapidly growing areas of high impact presented in this second edition are therapeutic developments (Chapter 16) and delivery of oligonucleotides and proteins/peptides (Chapters 5 and 6) including novel reports on genome editing with CPP assistance. Also, several additional examples are available now on clinical trials using CPPs (Chapter 15).The book is written for researchers and students in the field.

This textbook takes physics and engineering undergraduates through the mathematics they need in the first years of study. It offers an accessible approach which is characterized by the combination of the textbook with a detailed study guide. This study guide, supplied as freely accessible downloads for each chapter, divides the whole learning task into small units. You will read and study a limited section of the textbook and then return to the study guide afterwards. Learning results are controlled, monitored and deepened by graded questions, exercises, repetitions and finally by problems and applications of the content studied. The degree of difficulty slowly rises, which will let you gain confidence and experience your own progress, thus fostering motivation. The sequence of studies can be individualized according to performance and can be regarded as a full tutorial course. This combination of a textbook with a detailed study guide is a powerful means to meetthe rising importance of learning outside of lectures at home and will be of great benefit, especially to students learning remotely.

I Astronomical Evidence for Dark Matter.- Large-Scale Structure and Dark Matter Problem.- The Distribution of Dark Matter in Galaxies: Constant-Density Dark Halos Envelop the Stellar Disks.- The Amount of Dark Matter in Spiral Galaxies.- Measuring Stellar and Dark Mass Fractions in Spiral Galaxies.- Dark Matter Caustics.- Constraints on White Dwarfs as Galactic Halo Dark Matter.- Contribution to Dark Matter from Extragalactic Dust.- Astrophysical Axion Bounds.- The Sloan Digital Sky Survey at the Millennium.- X-Ray Measurements of the Dark Matter Content of Galaxy Clusters.- Can Dark Matter See Itself?.- Self-Interacting Cold Dark Matter Halos.- II Cosmology and the Early Universe.- Evidence for Dark Energy from a Study of Type la Supernovae.- On the Mystery of the Cosmic Vacuum Energy Density.- Can Quintessence Be Natural?.- Preheating, Thermilaziation and Supergravity.- Dark Energy in Extra Dimensions and String Theory: Consistency Conditions.- Models of Inflation, Supersymmetry Breaking and Observational Constraints.- Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and Related Observations.- Big Bang Nucleosynthesis in the Precision Era.- III Beyond the Standard Model.- Testing a (Stringy) Model of Quantum Gravity.- Particles in the Bulk: A Higher-Dimensional Approach to Neutrino and Axion Phenomenology.- Dark Matter in Supergravity.- Dark Matter in SUSY.- Collider Signatures of Sneutrino Cold Dark Matter.- Searching for Supersymmetric Dark Matter - the Directional Rate for Caustic Rings.- Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter.- Formation of Primordial Black Holes by Multi-Winding String Collapse.- Baryonic Q-Balls as Dark Matter.- Gluino Axion.- IV Gravitational Lensing and Baryonic Dark Matter.- Gravitational Lensing and Dark Matter.- The MACHO Project 5.7 Year LMC Results.- Are There MACHOs in Our Galactic Halo?.- What Are MACHOs? Interpreting LMC Microlensing.- Microlensing by Non-Compact Astronomical Objects: Theory and Possible Interpretation of Observational Data.- V Hot Dark Matter - Neutrino Masses: Phenomenology and Experiments.- Neutrino Physics: Status and Prospect.- Degenerate and Other Neutrino Mass Scenarios and Dark Matter.- Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Potential in a Large Mixing Angle World.- The Weight of Neutrinos and Related Questions.- Neutrino Masses and Leptogenesis from R Parity Violation.- Shadows of Relic Neutrino Masses and Spectra on Highest Energy GZK Cosmic Rays.- Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Experiments.- Recent Results from Experiments Using the Super-Kamiokande Detector.- First Neutrino Observations from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory.- Evidence for Neutrino Oscillations in LSND.- Neutrino Mass from Tritium ?-Decay.- Latest Results from the Heidelberg-Moscow Double-Beta-Decay Experiment.- VI Direct Dark Matter Detection.- Recent Results from the DAMA Experiments for Particle Dark Matter Search.- Results of the Saclay NaI(Tl) WIMP Search Experiment and Comparison with Other NaI(Tl) Experiments.- Status of the HDMS Experiment, the GENIUS Project and the GENIUS-TF.- Results of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search.- The EDELWEISS Experiment: Status and Outlook.- The CRESST Dark Matter Search.- Current Status of the DRIFT Project and UKDMC Dark Matter Search.- The Status of SIMPLE-2000.- The PICASSO Project, Present Status and Future Developements.- The LiF Dark Matter Experiment at Kamioka Mine.- ZEPLIN II and Amplification of Primary Scintillation.- Lower Limit on the Mass of the Neutralino (LSP) at LEP with the ALEPH Detector.- The U.S. Large-Scale Dark Matter Axion Search.- The Rydberg-Atom-Cavity Axion Search.- VII Indirect Dark Matter Searches.- Indirect Method of Cold Dark Matter Search.- Neutrino Oscillation Effects in Indirect Detection of Dark Matter.- Higgs Bosons and the Indirect Search for WIMPs.- Ultra High Energy Neutrinos by Tau Airshowers.- Neutrino Astronomy and Indirect Search for WIMPs.- Status of the Neutrino Telescope AMANDA: Monopoles and WIMPS.- The BAIKAL Neutrino Project: Status Repo...

Environment and social responsibility are paramount for any modern business strategy, and the field of marketing is adapting itself to the new focus on sustainability. The study of the interface between consumers, society, and marketing is crucial for understanding the complex interactions between individuals and the products and services they consume and the resulting implications. In this book, the authors delve into the latest research and theories on the subject, providing insight into the various factors that shape consumer behavior and the broader impacts of marketing on society. Whether you are a student, professional, or simply curious about the topic, this book will provide a valuable resource for your learning and exploration. Instead of treating ethical foundations and critical marketing perspectives separately, this book merges them and takes a broader sustainability perspective. It examines the various ways in which businesses are incorporating sustainability into their marketing strategies, and the impact these efforts are having on consumers, the economy, and the planet. Topics covered in this book include: Evolution of marketing thoughtCritique of marketingSustainable marketingSocial marketingEvolving consumer representations and roles, and many more

This book describes the contributing aspects of contemporary developments related to sustainable agricultural resources and assessment of sustainable agriculture in developing nations. The issues like food crisis and declining agro-productivity, post-pandemic food security, zonation and mapping technique viewing food crisis, biotechnology and sustainable agricultural, scaling hunger indices, health hazard and food crisis, changing climate and food availability, consumer load and fertilizer usage, growing demand and increasing usage of harmful chemical in agro-fields are regarded as serious concerns. Thereafter, the scope of sustainable agricultural potentiality (SAP) modeling, amidst the arena of deforestation and encroachment of new cultivable land, impact of pandemic on sustainable agriculture, using wastewater as non-sustainable agricultural practice, applying geospatial techniques on extreme weather susceptibility and agro-production, soil erosion and poor agricultural production, questioning shifting cultivation on the issue of sustainability, meteorological drought and irrigational gaps, occupational mobility and loss of agricultural heritage, farm-excreta burning and air quality index (AQI), GI-Science and sustainable agro-management, community preparedness in food crisis management, multi-criteria hunger index (MCHI), climate change declining sustainable agro-production are worth some. Almost the entire world has recently suffered from several natural and human-induced problems, among which food crisis and unsustainable agriculture throw significant challenges to human society. Contrastingly, if modern technology and means, with advanced monitoring and calibration methodology and policy guidance, can help, it will undoubtedly reduce half of the world's problems and ensure the future survival of human society. In addition, this approach also can minimize the other partially linked problems, like climate change and food shortage, livelihood crisis, environmental refugees, international trade balance, global food supply chain interruption, the ever-expanding gap between rich and poor, and so on. Therefore, properly nurturing the knowledge on the application of GI-Science for an agriculturally sustainable society and their monitoring and management can curtail the gap between science, policy, and the ground-level scenario concerned.

IV Verfasser neu entwickelten Methoden führten zu einer wesentlichen Er- weiterung dieses Abschnittes gegenüber dem der vorherigen Auflagen. Da zur quantitativen Erfassung dieser Gruppen nicht so energische Reaktionen wie bei der Elementaranalyse herangezogen werden können, lassen sich konstitutionsbedingte Einflüsse nicht immer vollständig ausschalten. Diese Erscheinungen sind folglich beim Auswerten der Analysenergebnisse zu be- rücksichtigen, worauf bei der Beschreibung der einzelnen Methoden kritisch hingewiesen wird. Der Abschnitt: Bestimmung physikalischer Konstanten wurde, dem heutigen Stand angepaßt, beibehalten. Es ist mir eine angenehme Pflicht, Herrn Professor Dr. H. LIEB, Graz, für wertvolle Anregungen und Erfahrungen aus dem Pregl-Institut meinen besten Dank auszusprechen. Herrn Professor Dr. R. KuHN, Heidelberg, und Herrn Professor Dr. A. BENEDETTI-PICHLER, New York, bin ich für Hinweise zur Disposition der Neuauflage gleichfalls mit Dank verbunden. Besonders herzlich danke ich Herrn Dr. W. MERZ, der die große Freundlich- keit hatte, das Manuskript durchzuarbeiten und mich mit wertvollen Hin- weisen aus seinen im Pregl-Institut gesammelten Erfahrungen zu unter- stützen. Herrn Dr. J. UN'l'ERZAUCHER und Herrn Dr. F. ZINNECKE sei noch an dieser Stelle für die mir zur Verfügung gestellten Unterlagen über den neuesten Stand ihrer Methoden mein aufrichtiger Dank ausgesprochen. Ebenso möchte ich dem Springer-Verlag, Wien, für das Entgegen- kommen bei der Anfertigung der Abbildungen und der Drucklegung bestens danken. Limburgerhof/Pfalz, im Mai Hl58. Hubert Roth Inhaltsverzeichnis Seite Mikrochemische Waagen ...................................... .