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Mission Geometry: Orbit and Constellation Design and Management (OCDM) is the most complete treatment available for many elements of space mission design and astronautics.OCDM discusses both the similarities and differences between orbit and altitude systems in terms of hardware, algorithms, design, and processing requirements. With the demand for reduced cost and the introduction of extensive on-board computing, what were once entirely separate disciplines have begun to merge. This volume will speed that process.In all areas, OCDM is meant to be practical, with recommendations, insights, formulas, and numerical recipes based on 40 years of spaceflight experience from organizations worldwide. It is meant to be both a text and reference work that can be used by those entering the field and by senior engineers engaged in the design, analysis, construction, or on-orbit operations of orbit and attitude systems and components.

In this book Martin Bunzl considers the prospects for a general and comprehensive account of explanation, given the variety of interests that prompt explanations in science. Bunzl argues that any successful account of explanation must deal with two very different contexts - one static and one dynamic. Traditionally, theories of explanation have been built for the former of these two contexts. That is to say, they are designed to show how it is that a 'finished' body of scientific knowledge can be put to explanatory use. But finished sciences are few and far between. Real 'explanation' also occurs in a dynamical context in which questions are asked and answers are given as theories are in the process of being constructed. Here, Bunzl argues that attending to explanation produced under these dynamic circumstances undermines prominent features of the theory of explanation produced in the traditional static context.

I. Cosmic Rays and the Interstellar Medium.- A Brief Introduction to the Cosmic Radiation.- The Composition of the Cosmic Rays: An Update.- Interstellar Dust-Gas Relationships.- Dust, Gas and Cosmic Rays in the Interstellar Medium.- Comparison Between Greenberg and Mathis Models of Grains for the H2 Formation Induced by Cosmic Rays.- II. Supernovae, Acceleration, Propagation and Source Composition.- Shock Acceleration of Cosmic Rays.- Source Composition, Sites of Origin And Acceleration of Cosmic Rays.- Cosmic-Ray Age and the Interstellar Medium.- The Production of Antiprotons in the Interstellar Gas by Propagating Cosmic Rays.- The Source Composition of Galactic Cosmic Rays and the Condensation Process of the Elements in Circumstellar and Interstellar Gases.- The Distribution of Supernova Remnants in the Galaxy.- Gamma Rays from Supernova 1987A.- Acceleration of Cosmic Rays at Young Supernova Remnants.- The Effect of Relativistic Particle Beams on the Evolution of Supernova Envelopes: Self-Consistent Solutions.- Radio Spectral Variations in the Cygnus Loop.- III. Gamma Rays and Their Role as Cosmic Ray Tracers.- Gamma Ray Astrophysics at Energies up to 10 Gev.- Vhe and UHE Gamma Ray Sources.- Gamma-Rays from Electron, Proton Beam Interactions with Matter and/or Radiation: Application to Cygx-L, Geminga, and 3C273.- Gamma Rays and Neutrinos from Accretion Processes onto Collapsed Objects: Application to 3C273.- Nearby Galaxies in Highenergy Gamma Rays.- IV. Ultra-Energetic Cosmic Nuclei.- Cosmic Rays at the Highest Energies.- Participants.- Author Index.

Methods to Describe Fish Stocks; R. Guyomard. Spatial Organization of Pacific Salmon; B.E. Riddell. Status of Biodiversity of Taxa and Nontaxa of Salmonid Fishes; R.J. Behnte. Requirements for Genetic Data on Adaptations to Environment and Habitats of Salmonids; C.D. Levingo. Impacts of Fishing on Genetic Structure of Salmonid Populations; J.E. Thorpe. Genetic Change in Hatchery Populations; G.A.E. Gall. Potential Impacts of Transgenic and Genetically Manipulated Fish on Natural Populations; E. Hallerman, A. Kapuscinski. The Reproductive Containment of Genetically Altered Salmonids; E.M. Donalson, et al. Germplasm Repositories for Plants; R.L. Clark. Advances in Cryopreservation of Embryos and Prospects for Application to the Conservation of Salmonid Fishes; W.F. Rall. Genetic Resource Banks and Reproductive Technology for Wildlife Conservation; D.E. Wildt, et al. Cryopreservation of Fish Spermatozoa; B. Harvey. 14 additional articles. Index.

At the dawn of the 21st century, biotechnology is emerging as a key enabling technology for sustainable environmental protection and stewardship. Biotechnology for the Environment: Strategy and Fundamentals captures the dynamism of environmental biotechnology as it addresses the molecular functioning of microorganisms as cleanup agents, their communal interactions in natural and polluted ecosystems, and the foundations of practical bioremediation processes. Chapters on biological pollution control in the chemical industry, biodegradation of persistent molecules (halogenated compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides, detergents, etc.), microbial diversity with impact on global change, bioaugmentation strategies, and sensors for ecotoxicological monitoring, will be of value to environmental scientists, engineers, and decision-makers involved in the development, evaluation, or implementation of biological treatment systems.For information on Soil Remediation, see Focus on Biotechnology volume 3B, and for information on Waste Water and Waste Gas Handling, see Focus on Biotechnology volume 3C.

Therapeutic Outcome of Endocrine Disorders: Efficacy, Innovation and Quality of Life presents the proceedings of an international symposium held from November 13-16, 1997 in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida. The proceedings discuss scientific and clinical studies related to the treatment of endocrine disorders, including growth hormone deficiency, Turner Syndrome, constitutional delay of growth, treatment of diabetes, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and congenital hypothyroidism.

The book describes recent progress of near-field optical science and technology. The title of the book implies capabilities of optical near-field not only for imaging/microscopy but also for fabrication/manipulation/processing in nanometric scale. The authors introduce the differences between near-field optics and far-field optics from both an experimental and theoretical perspective. The book touches on a wide range of topics in near-field optics, and can be used both by the novice and experienced researcher already familiar with the subject, to connect the experimental with the theoretical aspects of near-field optics.

Problems of Platyrhine Taxonomy and Distribution. Molecules, Morphology and Platyrrhine Systematics; H. Schneider, A.L. Rosenberger. Primates of the Atlantic Forest: Origin, Distributions, Endemism and Communities; A. Rylands, et al. Evolutionary Perspectives on the Marmosets and Tamarins (Saguinus, Callithrix, Cebuella, Leontopithecus, Callimico). P.A Garber, A.L. Rosenberger. The Other Side of Callitrichid Gummivory: Digestibility and Nutritional Value; M.L. Power. Locomotion of Golden Lion Tamarins (Leontopithecus Rosalia): The Effects of Foraging Adaptations and Substrate Characteristics on Locomotor Behavior; B. Stafford, et al. Update on Cebine Evolution (Cebus, Saimiri). L. Fedigan, et al. Species Definition and Differentiation as Seen in the Postcranial Skeleton of Cebus; S. Ford, D.M. Hobbs. New Perspectives on the Pithecines (Pithecia, Cacajao, Chiropotes, Callicebus, Aotus). A.L. Rosenberger, M.A. Norconk. The Evolution of Positional Behavior in the Saki-Uakaris (Pithecia, Chiropotes, and Cacajao); S.E. Walker. Rethinking Ateline Evolution (Alouatta, Ateles, Brachyteles, Lagothrix). W.C. Hartwig, et al. Dental Microwear and Diet in a Wild Population of Mantled Howling Monkeys (Alouatta palliata); M. Teaford, K. Glander. 21 Additional Articles. Index.

This book provides the reader with a comprehensive study of the cervical spine in children and young adults. Written by Dr. Leonard Swischuk, a distinguished leader in the field of pediatric radiology, the book presents normal anatomy and embryology, especially as it is relevant to trauma, normal variations and congenital anomalies. The second part of the book deals with trauma, focusing on a systematic accounting of the various injuries encountered and each explained in terms of the mechanism of the injury. Emphasis is placed on plain films since this is the most important study for the cervical spine. CT and MRI will be used to amplify findings. An indispensable resource for anyone dealing with the cervical spine.