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This book, the proceedings of Falk Symposium 163 "Chronic Inflammation of Liver and Gut", held in Hangzhou, P.R. China, on March 14--15, 2008, presents the most recent progress in chronic inflammatory diseases of liver and gut. It focusses on molecular understanding, the therapeutic state of the art and future options of treatment. The first part of the book concentrates on basic and clinical aspects of IBD. Chapters demonstrate the role of the immune system, genetic factors and the intestinal microflora in IBD, and give an evidence-based update on the current diagnostic and therapeutic options and present future perspectives for the management of IBD. The second part is devoted to chronic liver diseases with particular focus on the liver as an immune organ, treatment strategies of viral hepatitis and liver fibrogenesis. The final part deals with basic and clinical aspects of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation. The book concludes with an outlook on therapeutic options of hepatic stem cells. Throughout, international experts from the USA, the People's Republic of China and Europe contribute their experience in different aspects of the mechanisms and management of chronic inflammatory diseases of liver and gut.

1. Background and Introduction.- 1.1 The Problem.- 1.2 Concepts and Definitions.- 1.3 Research Activities.- 1.4 Status of Reuse Practice.- 1.5 Scope and Organization of this Book.- 1.6 References.- 2. Managerial Guidelines.- 2.1 Managerial Issues and Approaches.- 2.1.1 Organizational Management and Structure.- 2.1.2 Organizational Behavior.- 2.1.3 Contractual and Legal Considerations.- 2.1.4 Financial Considerations.- 2.1.5 Case Study: Reuse Program at Hartford Insurance Group.- 2.2 Software Development and Maintenance Incorporating Reuse.- 2.2.1 The Software Process.- 2.2.2 Life-Cycle Models.- 2.2.3 A Generic Reuse/Reusability Model.- 2.2.4 Establishing a Process.- 2.2.5 Case Study: JIAWG Reuse-Based Process Plan.- 2.3 References.- 3. Technical Guidelines.- 3.1 Domain Analysis.- 3.1.1 Overview.- 3.1.2 Case Study: The Domain Analysis Project at Software Engineering Institute (SEI).- 3.2 Creating Reusable Components.- 3.2.1 Spanning the Life Cycle.- 3.2.2 Requirements and Designs.- 3.2.2.1 Overview.- 3.2.2.2 Object-Oriented Approaches.- 3.2.3 Code Components.- 3.2.3.1 Code Component Structures.- 3.2.3.2 Programming Style.- 3.2.4 Component Quality.- 3.2.5 Classifying and Storing Components.- 3.2.6 Case Study: A Design Study of Telephony Software at Ericsson Telecom.- 3.3 Reusing Components.- 3.3.1 Cognitive Aspects.- 3.3.2 Searching and Retrieving.- 3.3.3 Understanding and Assessing Components.- 3.3.4 Adapting Components.- 3.3.5 Composition of Code Components.- 3.3.6 Case Study: A Quantitative Study of Spacecraft Control Software Reuse at GSFC.- 3.3.7 Case Study: The Reusable Software Library (RSL) at Intermetrics, Inc..- 3.4 Tools and Environments.- 3.5 References.- 4. Getting Started.- 4.1 Discussion.- 4.2 A Phased Approach.- 4.3 References.- Appendix A: Collected Guidelines.- Appendix B: Guidelines for Reusable Ada Code.

Navigating safely through a wealth of genome, protein and metabolite information, as well as a host of information processing tools, without getting lost is crucial for successful research in - and teaching of - molecular biology.This concise, easy-to-follow textbook/guide serves as a valuable introduction to contemporary cell biology for readers and offers insight into the key research directions in the field. It begins with an overview of existing tools for finding, designing and investigating metabolic, genetic, signalling and other network databases. This practical guide then introduces Cell Illustrator®, a software tool for biological pathway modelling and simulation, developed by the authors. In-depth discussion reveals how this tool can be used for creating, analyzing and simulating biological models, thereby explicating and testing current understanding of basic biological processes. Readers do not require prior knowledge of differential equations or programming.Features:¿ Provides many helpful learning aids, such as detailed examples throughout, and exercises and solutions¿ Designed and structured to be part of a semester-long course¿ Discusses the computational functionalities required for Systems Biology¿ Addresses practical issues surrounding software tools¿ Introduces the current big bio-databases such as TRANSPATH® by Biobase, and explains why and how they can be used to develop and support systems biology research¿ Explains important pathway databases and software tools, together with their related concepts¿ Guides the reader to model pathways in a step-by-step and clear manner>Written for undergraduates, this reader-friendly introduction to the field of Systems Biologyoffers insight and teaches sound expertise in the subject. It will also prove valuable to graduate students and professionals wishing to develop and support their systems-biology research.

The author of this multimedia work sets himself an ambitious goal: to allow a surgeon to achieve the revision of a prosthesis without too many difficulties (or too much apprehension!) with guaranteed results if he follows the proposed method step by step, and this, even if he is not very experienced in this discipline.To fulfil this purpose, the author provides a clear definition of the press-fit concept (principles and practical applications) and from there, he offers a logical and rigorous method for, first of all, planning the surgery, and then, performing it.The written text is also available as a computerized slide show, coming with a browsing system in order to make a pre-operative planning, which gives real pedagogic value to the whole of this work.

Research of the interstellar medium (ISM) has been advancing rapidly during the last 10 years, mainly due to immensely improved observational facilities and techniques in all wavelength ranges. We are now able to investigate the ISM in external galaxies and even the intergalactic and intracluster medium in great detail. Increased spatial and spectral resolution have provided us with a great deal of information on the interstellar gas in its various phases, the magnetic field and the cosmic rays, and of course, also the stellar component, which is the driving agent of the interstellar matter cycle. Since only fairly recently, a sufficient amount of computing power has become available to tackle these problems with some prospect of obtaining a self-consistent picture of the ISM, a major goal of this workshop was to bring together observers and theoreticians sufficiently close, so that intense discussions about the necessities and desiderata of modelling the ISM could be stimulated. Observers have shown in great detail on this conference of what is seen on all scales of the ISM, near and far, and what boundary conditions would be appropriate for realistic models, and theoreticians pointed out what assumptions and simplifications their codes need, and how future observations could test their models. As a first step towards this goal, some self-consistent numerical simulations with a minimum number of relevant physical processes were also presented on this meeting. There was wide agreement, that this approach - to keep observers and theoreticians in close contact and also in sometimes quite controversial discussions - will bear fruitful results in the near future.

Wireless Communications: Theory and Techniques covers fundamental concepts of wireless communications including extensive discussion of cellular system design principles, interference and signal processing related topics. The author identifies the complexities of providing reliable wireless communications in the presence of several signal impairing parameters of the channel.

The Asian beans and grams, the species of Vigna (subgenus Ceratotropis), include several legumes that are an essential component in the diets of a large proportion of Asia's population, and interest in these legumes is growing as ethnic cuisine spreads worldwide. However, this important group of legumes is little known compared to the closely related Phaseolus beans and soybean. That deficiency is addressed for the first time in this fully illustrated comprehensive conservation, genetics, taxonomic, and agricultural monograph on the genetic resources of the Asian Vigna. The book deals with the phylogeny of the group from the perspectives of morphological and molecular analyses, ex situ and in situ conservation, eco-geographical analyses, and research. In addition, morphological descriptions, keys, and eco-geographic details of each species in the group are provided. This genetic resources handbook and guide to the Asian Vigna will be a valuable reference for agriculturists, conservationists, taxonomists, other scientists, and students interested in the legumes and plant genetic resources.

The current obsession of social and natural scientists with globalisation has not been matched by equal interest in the study of the consequences of local environmental change on society. As a result, our attention has been drawn away from community and locality to global processes often indifferent to the reality of those at the receiving end of the social, economic, and political problems globalisation creates. Larger (global) synthesis obscures local reality, and imposes conditions often insensitive to local needs, resource management institutions, and production systems, even distorting them. The case studies presented in this book illustrate how environmental degradation has contributed to the distortion of local institutions and economies, thus denying local communities the right to eke out their living in a productive and healthy environment. The contributors highlight the seriousness of the difficulties involved in conflating national policies and local reality, and imposing global policy instruments on local communities. Understandably, the case studies demonstrate that local communities resist putting their faith in environmental policies and plans imposed on them by global or national institutions that often deprive them of access to and control over their local environment.

Strategic Decision Making in Modern Manufacturing introduces and explains the AMBIT (Advanced Manufacturing Business ImplemenTation) approach, which has been developed to bridge the gap between strategic management considerations and the operational effects of technology investment decisions on the manufacturing organisation, so that the likely impact of new manufacturing technology and/or programme implementations can be evaluated, anticipated and accurately predicted. The AMBIT approach focuses specifically on the non-financial aspects of such investment decisions and offers an approach that allows a manager, or more frequently a management team, to understand the impacts of a new technology or a new programme on the manufacturing organisation in terms of manufacturing performance.

This volume of new research papers marks the 20th anniversary of the New York Number Theory Seminar (NYNTS). Since 1982, NYNTS has presented a range of research in number theory and related fields of mathematics, from physics to geometry to combinatorics and computer science. The speakers have included Field medalists as well as promising lesser known mathematicians whose theorems are significant. The papers presented here are all previously unpublished.

This volume covers the latest scientific developments in the real world applications of pollution modeling. Topics covered include: the role of atmospheric models in air pollution policy and abatement strategies; integrated regional modelling; global and long-range transport; aerosols as atmospheric contaminants; model assessment and verification; and application of new concepts in different regions of the world.

This important, state-of-the-art book brings together for the first time in one volume the two areas of Legacy Systems and Business Processes. The research discussed has arisen from the EPSRC research programme on Systems Engineering for Business Process Change, and the book contains contributions from leading experts in the field.Both the consumer and supplier of IT have problems with legacy systems and business process change, so Systems Engineering for Business Process Change will be of great interest to practitioners who are encountering, or likely to encounter, problems with legacy systems and business process change, as well as researchers preparing future research programmes, and those studying system and business evolution.

Feedback Ramp Metering in Intelligent Transportation Systems is the first book on the topic of using feedback control (also called real-time traffic control or adaptive control by some traffic engineers) in ramp metering. It provides traffic theory fundamentals and then the design of feedback controllers for isolated and coordinated ramp metering problems. Software simulation code in Matlab and Paramics is provided in the book so that the reader can get a hands-on feel for the various algorithms. With a large number of examples, illustrations, and original problems, this book is excellent as a textbook or reference book for a senior or graduate level course on the subject, as well as a reference for researchers in related fields.

The topics covered in this book include: Theory of Scattering and Scintillation, Distribution of Scattering Material, Intra-day Variability, Pulsars and their Magnetospheric Structure, Polarization of AGN, Interplanetary Scintillation, and Future Highly-Sensitive Radio Telescopes. The introductory papers emphasize the essential properties of diffractive and refractive scattering, how they differ in temporal and frequency structure, and what they reveal about irregularities in the ISM. Pulsars can be examined in a number of different ways as a function of frequency: time variability (both short and long term), DM changes, pulse broadening, angular extent, and Faraday rotation. Intra-day variable sources (IDVs) are another major topic of the book. Although many variable sources clearly exhibit intrinsic changes, IDVs are generally believed to result from scintillation effects. They require source sizes on the ten micro-arcsec scale, the most extreme cases having profound implications for source lifetimes and emission mechanisms. Finally, a dozen contributions describe future large radio telescope projects, especially the Chinese FAST effort to build a 500 m spherical reflector of innovative design.

Social Cognition: Are Primates Smarter than Birds?; P. Marler. Predicting Cognitive Capacity from Natural History: Examples from Four Corvid Species; R.P. Balda, et al. Assessing Body Condition in Birds; M.E. Brown. Avian Chemical Defense; J.P. Dumbacher, S. Pruett-Jones. Past and Current Attempts to Evaluate the Role of Birds as Predators of Insect Pests in Temperate Agriculture; D.A. Kirk, et al. An Evolutionary Approach to Offspring Desertion in Birds; T. Széleky, et al. Index.

Intracranial injury, caused by a transorbital penetrating object, is a neglected topic in neurosurgery. With few exceptions, only occasional publications, often containing merely case histories, are present in the literature. Through a perusal of the world literature - for the first time - the author has collected and combined all available and relevant information, trying to give a thorough description of this rare, but extremely dangerous injury. This book is a major and definitive contribution to neurosurgery, but is also of importance to ophthalmology, neurology, traumatology, neuro-radiology and pediatrics.