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The book, deliberately written in generally understandable language for all interested readers, paints a unique, transdisciplinary overall picture of resilience as a national and international social factor of our time. It shows that in terms of socio-political significance, the concept of resilience is in no way inferior to the older, hitherto dominant concepts of sustainability and development; indeed, it actively complements them, in some cases contradicts them, but also completes them. Resilience as a societal factor involves all sectors, such as politics, the economy, science and civil society, and thus represents an indispensable frame of reference in the overarching recent debate on the "learning society"."Fathi analyzes the still little-tapped topic of "societal resilience" from entirely new perspectives and with a stimulating thematic breadth. A must-read for anyone who wants to grasp this topic holistically." Prof. Dr. Uwe Schneidewind

Will we really soon no longer be sitting behind the wheel of our own car, but will only be taken to our destination by driverless electric taxis? Should cities introduce car sharing? What role will electric scooters, cable cars or man-carrying drones play in the mobility systems of major cities? This book finally explains in a generally understandable way what is really behind buzzwords such as electric mobility, autonomous driving, digitalization and mobility services such as car sharing or ride-hailing, how far advanced these technologies are today, and above all in what relationships and dependencies they are to each other. In addition to the technical aspects, the legislative and social trends are also considered, which are important framework conditions that will have a decisive influence on the mobility of the future.From the contents- Mobility needs: Who wants to go where, when and why - and how will this change in the future?- Technological trends: electromobility, digitalization, autonomous driving - what will the vehicles of the future be capable of?- Car sharing, ride-hailing, e-scooters or public transport: What alternatives to the private car will there be in the future?- Politics and society: How will the framework conditions for mobility develop in the future?- Mobility in transition: What should we do to prepare for the future?

This anthology is a unique compilation of scientific contributions on the topic of measurement and understanding, showing how terms such as number, measurement, understanding, model, pattern are used in a wide variety of disciplines. Based on the results and experiences from their own projects, 23 researchers comment on the potentials and limitations of individual methodological approaches and success factors of interdisciplinary collaboration. In doing so, they sound out the different significance of quantification and empirical evidence for their own disciplines and examine the influence of methodological approaches on existing models and images. The common goal is to want to understand the world; the methods, however, are highly diverse.

The SOLAR-A Mission: an Overview.- The Hard X-Ray Telescope (HXT) for the SOLAR-A Mission.- The Soft X-Ray Telescope for the SOLAR-A Mission.- The Wide Band Spectrometer on the SOLAR-A.- The Bragg Crystal Spectrometer for SOLAR-A.- SOLAR-A Reformatted Data Files and Observing Log.

Launching of the Coral Gables Conferences on High Energy Physics and Cosmology: The Launching of the Coral Gables Conferences on High Energy Physics and Cosmology and the Establishment of the Center for Theoretical Studies at the University of Miami; B.N. Kursunoglu. Neutrino Physics: Neutrino Oscillations at Accelerators; F. Vannucci. KARMEN: Present Neutrino Oscillation Limits and Perspectives after the Upgrade; G. Drexlin. Progress on New and Old Ideas: Exotic Hadrons; D.B. Lichtenberg. Orthogonal Mixing and CP Violation; P.H. Frampton. Round Trip Between Cosmology and Elementary Particles: Physics of Mass; B.N. Kursunoglu. Progress and Prospects in the Direct Search for Supersymmetric and Dark Matter Particles; D.B. Cline. Gauge Symmetries, Gravity and Srings: Gauge Symmetry in Fivebrane Conformal Field Theory; L. Dolan. Exact Local Supersymmetry Absence of Superpartners and Noncommutative; F. Mansouri. Light Cone Quantization: Adjoint QCD2 in Large N; S. Pinsky. Nonperturbative Renormalization in Light-Cone Quantization; J.R.Hiller. Current Experiments in High Energy Physics: Search for New Particles with DELPHI at LEP2; W. Adam. W Physics Results from DELPHI; H.T. Phillips. 8 Additional Articles. Index.

Section I: High Tc Superconductivity.- Flux Phases in the t-J Model.- Two Dimensional Phenomena in High Tc Superconductors.- Novel Singular Solutions of BCS Theory.- Magnetism and Superconductivity in Doped Lamellar Copper Oxide Systems.- A Vortex Lattice of Anyons in Strongly Correlated Systems.- Electron-Hole Liquid Model for High Tc Superconductivity.- Strong Electron Correlations in CuO2 Planes of High Temperature Superconductors.- Two Component Superconductivity.- Section II: Localization.- Coherent Back Scattering and Other Optical Effects in Random Media.- Many Body Techniques for Wave Propagating in Random Media.- Localization and Folding of Random Chains.- Section III: Nuclear Physics.- A New Theory of Collisions.- Calculations of the Ground State of 16O.- A New State of Nuclear Matter.- The "Ideal" Shell Model Calculation.- Non-Spurious Harmonic Oscillator States for Many-Body Systems.- Section IV: Microscopic Approaches I.- Inhomogeneous Quantum Liquids: Many Body Theory on the Testbench.- Coupled Cluster Parametrizations of Model Field Theories and their Bargman-Space Representations.- Fermion Monte Carlo Algorithms for Quantum Fluids.- Bose Condensate in Superfluid 4He and Momentum Distributions by Deep Inelastic Scattering.- Section V: Mesoscopic Systems.- Ballistic Electronic Transport in Semiconductor Structures.- Random-Matrix-Model for Fluctuations in Microscopic and Mesoscopic Systems.- Section VI: Strongly Correlated Systems.- Super-Effective-Field CAM Theory of Strongly Correlated Electron and Spin Systems.- Unified Description of Strongly and Weakly Correlated Electrons.- Fermi Hyper-Netted Chain Theory on a Lattice: The Hubbard Model.- Many Body Methods Applied to Scattering of Composite Particles in Gauge Theory with Confinement.- Section VII Microscopic Approaches Ii.- Two-Body Density Matrix for Quantum Fluids.- New Microscopic Description of Liquid 3He.- Excitation Spectrum of a 3He Impurity in 4He.- Section VIII: Feenberg Medal Presentation And Summary.- Achievements in Quantum Monte Carlo.- Summary of The VI International Conference on Recent Progress in Many Body Theories Arad Israel.

Structure and Geometry.- Hierarchic structure.- The structure of quasicrystals: from diffraction patterns to atom positions.- Determination of quasi-crystal structures by higher dimensional analysis.- Six-dimensional atoms for a decorated three-dimensional Penrose tiling.- Metrical aspects of quasicrystal embedding in superspace.- Landau theory and direct methods for crystal structures analysis.- Geometry of films of amphiphile molecules: a curved space approach.- Geometrical approach of blue phases.- Electron microscopy and quasicrystals.- On the dark field imaging behaviour of icosahedral phases in rapidly cooled aluminium alloys.- Electron microscopy of modulated structures.- Models for Stability and Growth.- Physical models of perfect quasicrystal growth.- Generation and dynamics of defects in two-dimensional quasicrystals.- Intrinsic stability of quasicrystals and behavior under a load of Frenkel defects.- Reconstructive phase transition to the icosahedral phase.- Structure and growth of twoand three-dimensional hexatic liquid crystals.- The tiling structure of simple liquids: squares and triangles in two dimensions.- Does cholesteric blue phase III have an icosahedral structure ?.- Intrinsic frustration and space curvature in smectic A liquid crystals.- Critical behavior of polymorphic smectic-A liquid crystals.- Universal behavior in phospholipid multimembrane systems.- Pattern formation during the ordering processes in nematic liquid crystals.- Spatially modulated structures in models with competing interactions some new results.- Weakly periodic structures with a singular continuous spectrum.- The Anderson metal-insulator transition: incommensurate versus disordered systems.- Theory of phase transition between two incommensurate phases in NbTe4.- The origin of polytypes in SiC and ZnS.- Structural modulations in the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7.? and semi conducting WO3-x, aspects of non-equilibrium behaviour.- Incommensurate modulations in bismuth-based high-Tc superconductors.- Incommensurate commensurate phase transition of Cu2-xTe. (x

1 Biochemistry and molecular biology of the extremely thermophilic archaeobacteria.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Archaeobacterial phylogeny.- 1.3 Ecology of the thermophilic Archaea.- 1.3.1 Morphology of the Archaea.- 1.3.2 Physiology and biochemistry of the Archea.- 1.3.3 Enzymes.- 1.3.4 Structural macromolecules.- 1.3.5 Lipids and lipid biosynthesis.- 1.3.6 Molecular genetics of the extremely thermophilic Archaea.- References.- 2 The molecular genetics and biotechnological application of enzymes from extremely thermophilic eubacteria.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Aerobic eubacteria.- 2.2.1 The molecular biology and genetics of Thermus.- 2.2.2 Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase.- 2.2.3 Thermus aquaticus restriction-modification system.- 2.2.4 Expression of other genes from Thermus genomic libraries.- 2.2.5 Proteinases from Thermus spp.- 2.2.6 Genetic transfer and plasmids in Thermus.- 2.2.7 A repetitive sequence in Thermus thermophilus.- 2.2.8 Promoter regions and other control sequences in Thermus.- 2.2.9 Genes and proteins from thermophilic strains of Bacillus.- 2.2.10 ?-Amylases from Bacillus spp.- 2.2.11 Pullulanases and related enzymes from thermophilic bacilli.- 2.2.12 Other genes and genetic systems in Bacillus stearothermophilus.- 2.3 Anaerobic eubacteria.- 2.3.1 Cloning of genes involved in cellulose hydrolysis.- 2.3.2 Hemicellulose hydrolysis.- 2.3.3 Starch hydrolysis.- 2.3.4 Pullulanases.- 2.4 Other enzymes from anaerobic thermophiles.- 2.4.1 Thermotoga.- References.- 3 Biotechnological prospects for halophiles and halotolerant micro-organisms.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Micro-organisms in the food industry.- 3.2.1 Food spoilage.- 3.2.2 Fermentation products.- 3.2.3 Single-cell protein (SCP).- 3.2.4 Food colouring/flavouring.- 3.3 Production of commercially useful compounds.- 3.3.1 Biological fermentation processes at high salinities.- 3.3.2 Pharmaceutical compounds.- 3,3.3 Polymers.- 3.3.4 Enzymes.- 3.3.5 Compatible solutes.- 3.4 Future aspects.- 3.4.1 Environmental biotechnology.- 3.4.2 Agricultural aspects.- 3.4.3 Fuel from renewable sources.- References.- 4 Acidophilic bacteria: adaptations and applications.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Constraints on growth at acid pH.- 4.2.1 Chemiosmotic considerations.- 4.2.2 Considerations of the conditions in the periplasm and the implications for its processes.- 4.3 The diversity of the extreme acidophiles.- 4.3.1 Iron-and sulphur-oxidising acidophiles.- 4.3.2 Phylum-and group-specific traits?.- 4.4 The bacterial extraction of metals from mineral sulphides.- 4.4.1 Factors influencing the selection of bacteria for mineral-leaching processes.- 4.5 Molecular genetic studies of acidophiles.- 4.5.1 The development of genetic systems for acidophiles.- 4.5.2 Gene transfer.- 4.6 Concluding comments: diversity, identification and applied molecular biology.- References.- 5 Alkaliphiles: ecology and biotechnological applications.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.1.1 Ecology and environments.- 5.1.2 Alkaliphile diversity.- 5.1.3 Alkaliphile physiology.- 5.2 Alkaliphiles and industry.- 5.2.1 Enzymes.- 5.2.2 Spirulina.- 5.2.3 Secretion vectors.- 5.2.4 Future trends.- References.- 6 Physiology and biotechnological potential of deep-sea bacteria.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Deep-sea bacteria.- 6.3 Hydrothermal vents.- 6.3.1 Distribution of vent fields and their main features.- 6.3.2 Chemical features of hydrothermal fluids and expected metabolisms.- 6.3.3 Abundance and activity of bacteria in sea water.- 6.3.4 Bacterial communities on inert surfaces and bacterial mats.- 6.4.5 Main features of mesophilic bacteria isolated from sea water and surfaces.- 6.3.6 Invertebrate-associated bacteria.- 6.4 Biotechnology of deep-sea bacteria.- References.- 7 Physiology and molecular biology of psychrophilic micro-organisms.- 7.1 What are psychrophiles and psychrotrophs?.- 7.2 Microbial types of psychrophiles.- 7.3 Ecology of psychrophiles and psychrotrophs.- 7.3.1 Food.- 7.3.2 Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.- 7.4 Molecular mech...

1 Introduction.- 2 Fluorescence cytometry for the rapid analysis of food microorganisms.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Optical analysis.- 2.2.1 Flow cytometry.- 2.2.2 Confocal scanning cytometry.- 2.3 Light sources for optical cytometry.- 2.4 Parameters measurable by optical techniques.- 2.4.1 Fluorescent labelling techniques.- 2.5 Research studies.- 2.5.1 Identification of bacteria by light scatter and nucleic acid staining.- 2.5.2 Identification of bacteria by immunofluorescent labelling.- 2.6 Routine use of flow cytometry in quality assurance.- 2.6.1 Analysis of fruit preparations.- 2.6.2 Analysis of milk products.- 2.6.3 Starter culture analysis.- 2.6.4 Shelf life prediction in salads and fruit juice manufacture.- 2.7 Conclusions.- References.- 3 Infrared spectroscopic methods.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Infrared spectroscopy.- 3.2.1 Infrared spectrometers.- 3.2.2 Approaches to sampling.- 3.2.3 Quantification.- 3.3 Instrumentation for process monitoring and control.- 3.3.1 Selective-wavelength instruments.- 3.3.2 FT-IR instruments.- 3.3.3 Dispersive instruments.- References.- 4 Machine vision for the food industry.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.1.1 Customers judge food by its appearance.- 4.1.2 Human vision versus machine vision.- 4.2 Machine vision systems.- 4.2.1 Image formation.- 4.2.2 Non-visual sensing methods.- 4.2.3 Image acquisition.- 4.2.4 Image processing.- 4.2.5 Image analysis.- 4.2.6 Image interpretation and understanding.- 4.2.7 Current machine vision systems.- 4.3 Considerations for use of machine vision systems.- 4.3.1 Practical implications in using machine vision systems.- 4.3.2 Economic considerations in using machine vision.- 4.3.3 Environmental protection and safety.- 4.4 Machine vision applications for the food industry.- 4.4.1 Introduction.- 4.4.2 Shape and size.- 4.4.3 Region labelling and object segmentation.- 4.4.4 Appearance of product.- 4.4.5 Texture.- 4.4.6 Non-visual imaging techniques.- 4.4.7 Object segmentation using colour.- 4.4.8 Process monitoring and control.- 4.4.9 High level techniques for machine vision.- 4.4.10 Future applications of machine vision systems.- References.- 5 Particle sizing.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Particle sizing within the food processing industry.- 5.2.1 Sieving.- 5.2.2 Sedimentation.- 5.2.3 Optical microscopy.- 5.2.4 Electrozone sensing.- 5.2.5 Laser light scattering methods.- 5.3 Low angle laser light scattering (LALLS).- 5.3.1 Introduction.- 5.3.2 Theory.- 5.3.3 Material refractive indexes.- 5.3.4 Concentration range.- 5.3.5 Data analysis.- 5.3.6 Criteria for a minimum sample.- 5.3.7 Minimum sample volume assessment.- 5.3.8 Sample dilution.- 5.3.9 Results.- 5.4 Sub-micron particle sizing.- 5.4.1 Principle of operation.- 5.4.2 The analysis problem.- 5.4.3 Results.- 5.4.4 Required practice for PCS measurements.- 5.5 Measurement of mobility and zeta potential.- 5.5.1 Introduction.- 5.5.2 Measurement method.- 5.5.3 Applications.- References.- 6 Ultrasonic methods.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Principles of ultrasonic wave propagation.- 6.2.1 General principles.- 6.2.2 Pure materials.- 6.2.3 Multi-phase media.- 6.2.4 Summary.- 6.3 Measurement of ultrasonic properties.- 6.3.1 Introduction.- 6.3.2 Practical considerations.- 6.3.3 Technique to measure phase velocity and attenuation in liquids and dispersions.- 6.3.4 Double-liquid technique for measurement of velocity difference.- 6.3.5 Measurement of group velocity in liquids and dispersions.- 6.3.6 Summary of techniques available.- 6.4 Applications to food systems.- 6.4.1 Overview of methods used on foods and related materials.- 6.4.2 Velocity measurements.- 6.4.3 Attenuation measurements.- 6.4.4 Other ultrasonic applications.- 6.5 Future developments.- References.- 7 Mass spectrometry.- 7.1 Introduction: basic principles.- 7.2 Basic definitions.- 7.3 Ion analysis.- 7.3.1 Magnetic sector mass spectrometers.- 7.3.2 Quadrupole mass spectrometers.- 7.3.3 Time-of-flight mass spectrometers.- 7.3.4 Ion storage mass spectrometers.- 7.4 Detection ...

Characteristics of Hypoxic Cells that Enhance their Susceptibility to Chemical Injury.- Prediction and Measurement of Redox Properties of Drugs and Biomolecules.- Metal-Catalyzed Redox Processes in Biological Systems and Drug Activation.- Redox Systems Generated by Electro-chemical Oxidations and Reductions.- The Rôle of DNA Damage in the Bioreductive Action of 2-Nitroimidazoles.- Redox Properties of Radiation Induced Free Radicals.- Reduction of Bleomycin-Fe by Reductases and Active Oxygen Formation.- Redox Activation of Drugs by the Red Blood Cell Membrane.- Induction of Stress Proteins and Drug Resistance by Hypoxia and Applications of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Cryospectrophotometry for Detecting Hypoxia in Tumors.- Mechanisms of Activation of Mitomycin C and AZQ in Aerobic and Hypoxic Mammalian Cells.- Molecular Interactions and Biological Effects of the Products of Reduction of Nitroimidazoles.- Redox Activation of Benzotriazine N-oxides: Mechanisms and Potential as Anticancer Drugs.- Nitroacridines and Nitroquinolines as DNA-affinic Hypoxia-selective Cytotoxins.- Metabolic Effects of Hypoxic Cell Sensitizers.- Does Ro-03-8799 Concentration in Human Tumour Xenografts Predict Radiosensitization? Comparison with SR-2508.- Enzyme-directed Bioreductive Drug Development.- Improved Treatment of Tumours in vivo by Combining the Bioreductive Drug, RSU-1069, Hydralazine and Hyperthermia.- Assessment of Bioreductive Drug Toxicity in vitro and in Experimental Tumours in vivo.- Activity of Bioreductive Agents in Human and Rodent Tumor Cells.- The Control of Tumour Oxygenation in Mice: The Importance of Tumour Site.- Critical Events in the Toxicity of Redox Active Drugs.- The Reductive Activation of Nitroimidazoles; Modification by Oxygen and other Redox-active Molecules in Cellular Systems.- Fluorescent Probes for Hypoxia: Chemical Aspects.- Toxicity of Metal Complexes with Radiosensitizing Properties.- Effects on DNA of Bioreducible Nitroimidazole and Benzotriazine Drugs.- Response of Repair and Reduction Deficient Mutants to Agents Requiring Bioreduction.- Bioreductive Drugs and Radiation: Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Trials of Etanidazole Radiosensitizer.- The Oncogenic Potential of Bioreductive Drugs.- Adduct Formation by 2-Nitroimidazole in Mammalian Cells: Optimization of Markers for Tissue Oxygenation.- Tumour Blood Flow and its Modulation: Implications for Bioreductive Drug Activity in vivo.- Poster Presentations.- Participants.

1 Structures of and Bonding in Electronic Materials.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Structure of the Group IV Elements and of III-V and II-VI Semiconductors.- 3. Bonding in and Relationships Between Zinc Blende and Wurtzite-Type Compounds.- 4. Other Structure Types.- References.- 2 Electron Energy Bands.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Models.- 2.1. The Nearly Free Electron Model.- 2.2. The Tight-Binding Model.- 2.3. The Relationship Between the Results of the Two Models.- 2.4. The Relationship Between Maximum Energy and k.- 2.5. Three-Dimensional Effects.- 2.6. Real Materials.- 3. Effective Mass.- 4. Positive Holes.- 5. Methods of Computing Band Structure.- 6. Conductance, the Octet Rule, and Bands.- 7. Postscript: The Kronig-Penney Model.- References.- 3 Electrical Properties of Semiconductors.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Intrinsic Semiconductors.- 3. Extrinsic Semiconductors.- 4. Scattering and Mobility of Charge Carriers.- 5. High-Field Effects.- 4 Optical Properties.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Classical Approach.- 2.1. Relation to Conductivity.- 2.2. Optical Constants and Relative Permittivity.- 2.3. Resonance.- 3. Absorption Mechanisms.- 3.1. Fundamental Absorption.- 3.2. Other Mechanisms.- 4. Photoconductivity.- 5. Emission.- 5.1. Spontaneous Emission.- 5.2. Stimulated Emission.- 5.3. Nonradiative Recombination.- 6. Anisotropic Materials.- 7. Polarized Light.- 8. Thin-Film Systems.- 5 Interfaces and Low-Dimensional Structures.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Band Structure at a Heterojunction Interface.- 3. Low-Dimensional Effects.- 4. New Effects in Low-Dimensional Structures.- 5. Materials Growth.- 6. Other Low-Dimensional Structures.- 7. Applications.- 8. Conclusions.- References.- 6 Key Electrical Devices.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic Semiconductor Diodes.- 2.1. The p-n Junction Diode.- 2.2. The Metal-Semiconductor or Schottky Diode.- 2.3. Ohmic Contacts.- 3. Bipolar Junction Transisistors.- 4. Field Effect Transistors.- 4.1. MOSFETs.- 4.2. JFETs and MESFETs.- 5. Materials for Electronic Devices: The Significance of Silicon.- 6. Gallium-Arsenide-Based Transistors.- 6.1. The GaAs MESFET.- 6.2. Heterojunction-Based Devices.- 7. Other Materials.- 8. Conclusions and Future Prospects.- References.- 7 Key Optoelectronic Devices.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Materials Technologies.- 2.1. Important Optoelectronic Materials.- 2.2. Epitaxy.- 3. Light-Emitting Devices.- 3.1. Basic Principles.- 3.2. Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs).- 3.3. Semiconductor Lasers.- 4. Optical Detectors.- 5. Waveguide Components.- 6. Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits.- 7. Conclusions.- 8 Thermodynamics and Defect Chemistry of Compound Semiconductors.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Elements of Multicomponent Phase Equilibria.- 2.1. Gibbs's Phase Rule.- 2.2. Pressure-Temperature Equilibrium.- 2.3. Solid-Liquid Equilibria in Multicomponent Systems.- 2.4. Representation of the Activity Coefficients.- 3. Solid-Liquid Phase Equilibria in Ternary III-V Compounds...- 4. Solid-Gas Phase Equilibria in Multicomponent III-V compounds.- 5. Native Point Defects in Compound Semiconductors.- 6. The Incorporation of Solute (Dopant) Atoms.- 7. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 9 Single Crystal Growth I: Melt Growth.- 1. Introduction: General Principles.- 2. Role of Melt Growth.- 3. Constraints to Melt Growth.- 3.1. Chemical Reactivity.- 3.2. Vapor Pressure.- 3.3. Mechanical.- 3.4. Fundamental.- 4. Techniques of Melt Growth.- 4.1. Vertical Pulling or Czochralski Growth.- 4.2. Float Zone.- 4.3. Horizontal Bridgman.- 4.4 Liquid Encapsulation.- 5. Fundamentals.- References.- 10 Single Crystal Growth II: Epitaxial Growth.- 1. Introduction: General Principles.- 2. Role of Epitaxy.- 3. Constraints to Epitaxial Growth.- 3.1. Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE).- 3.2. Vapor Phase Epitaxy (VPE).- 4. Techniques of Epitaxial Growth.- 4.1. Liquid Phase Epitaxy.- 4.2. Vapor Phase Epitaxy: Conventional Inorganic Epitaxy.- 4.3. Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE): Metalorganic Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MOMBE).- 4.4. Metalorganic Vapor Phase Ep...

Lectures.- Neutron Interferometry - Macroscopic Manifestations of Quantum Mechanics.- The Geometry of Matter Fields.- Quantum Mechanics in Curved Space-Times - Stochastic Processes on Frame Bundles.- Particles and Fields.- Quantum Mechanics of Black Holes in Curved Space-Time.- Absorption Cross Section of a Mini Black Hole.- Particle Creation and Vacuum Polarization near Black Holes.- Vacuum States in Space-Times with Killing Horizons.- Mutually Interacting Quantum Fields in Curved Space-Time: The Outcome of Physical Processes.- Quantum Strings in Curved Space-Times.- The Probabilistic Time and the Semiclassical Approximation of Quantum Gravity.- Quantum and Statistical Effects in Superspace Cosmology.- On Quantum Gravity for Homogeneous Pure Radiation Universes.- Nonlinear Sigma Models in 4 Dimensions: A Lattice Definition.- Seminars.- Berry's Phase and Particle Interferometry in Weak Gravitational Fields.- The Final State of an Evaporating Black Hole and the Dimensionality of the Space-Time.- Inflation with Massive Spin-2 Field in Curved Spa?e-Time.- Renormalization of Field Theories in Riemann-Cartan Space-Time.

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology provides detailed review articles concerned with aspects of chemical contaminants, including pesticides, in the total environment with toxicological considerations and consequences. C.E. CASTRO: Environmental Dehalogenation-Chemistry and Mechanism M.J. KENNISH: Trace Metal-Sediment Dynamics in Estuaries: Pollution Assessment R.D. VINEBROOKE AND R. CULLIMORE: Natural Organic Matter and the Bound Water Concept in Aquatic Ecosystems

This open access book is the first to systematically introduce the principles of urban informatics and its application to every aspect of the city that involves its functioning, control, management, and future planning. It introduces new models and tools being developed to understand and implement these technologies that enable cities to function more efficiently - to become 'smart' and 'sustainable'. The smart city has quickly emerged as computers have become ever smaller to the point where they can be embedded into the very fabric of the city, as well as being central to new ways in which the population can communicate and act. When cities are wired in this way, they have the potential to become sentient and responsive, generating massive streams of 'big' data in real time as well as providing immense opportunities for extracting new forms of urban data through crowdsourcing. This book offers a comprehensive review of the methods that form the core of urban informatics from various kinds of urban remote sensing to new approaches to machine learning and statistical modelling. It provides a detailed technical introduction to the wide array of tools information scientists need to develop the key urban analytics that are fundamental to learning about the smart city, and it outlines ways in which these tools can be used to inform design and policy so that cities can become more efficient with a greater concern for environment and equity.