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This book explores current issues regarding the regulation of various economic sectors, theoretically and empirically, discussing both neoclassical and behavioural economics approaches to regulation. Regulation has become one of the main determinants of modern economies, and virtually every sector is subject to general laws and regulations as well as specific rules and standards. A traditional argument to justify regulatory interventions is the promotion of public interests. Fixing markets that lack competition, balancing information asymmetries, internalising externalities, mitigating systemic risks, and protecting consumers from irrational behaviour are frequently invoked to complement the invisible hand of the market with the visible hand of the state.However, regulations can lead to unintended consequences, and serve the interests of powerful private interest groups rather than the public interest and social welfare. In addition, new insights from behavioural economics question the traditional regulatory approaches, most prominently in attitudes towards consumers. Furthermore, digitalisation and technological innovation in general present new challenges in terms of both the type of regulation and the regulatory process.Part I of this book discusses various theoretical approaches to the economic analysis of regulations, while Part II looks at specific applications of the law and economics of regulation.

This volume discusses digital diplomacy and artificial intelligence within the context of global governance and international security. Rapid digitalization has changed the way international actors interact, offering new opportunities for international and bilateral cooperation and reinforcing the role of the emergent actors within global governance. New phenomena linked to digitalization and artificial intelligence are emerging and this volume brings a multidisciplinary, mixed-methods approach to studying them. Written by globally recognized experts, each chapter presents a case study covering an emerging topic such as: international regulation of the web and digital diplomacy, the interplay of artificial intelligence and cyber diplomacy, social media and artificial intelligence as tools for digital diplomacy, the malicious use of artificial intelligence, cyber security, and data sovereignty. Incorporating both theory and practice, quantitative and qualitative analysis, this volume will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in international relations, diplomacy, security studies, and artificial intelligence, as well as diplomats and policymakers looking to understand the implications of digitalization and artificial intelligence in their fields.

This book examines innovative approaches to the use of qualitative methods in mental health research. It describes the development and use of methods of data collection and analysis designed. These methods address contemporary and interdisciplinary research questions, such as how to access the voices of vulnerable populations, understand the relationship between experience and discourse, and identify processes and patterns that characterize institutional practices. The book offers insight into projects that reflect various cultural contexts and geographical locations as well as involve diverse research teams, ranging in their methodology from individual case studies to community-based interventions.Chapters address how research method selection needs to be tailored to specific contexts within which studies are carried out and how synthesizing diverse perspectives of different disciplines ¿ such as psychology, sociology, linguistics, history, and art ¿ make a research endeavor more fruitful. The book offers a clear framework in which to assess the research presented in the book as well as map future directions for qualitative methodology in mental health research.Key areas of coverage include projects that describe research with:¿ Individuals confronted with critical life events.¿ Former psychiatric patients.¿ Individual and couple psychotherapy clients.¿ Clients in a forensic setting.¿ Persons affected by psychosis.¿ Dementia patients.¿ People living with cancer.¿ Health care professionals. Qualitative Research Methods in Mental Health is a valuable resource for researchers, professors, and graduate students as well as therapists and other professionals in clinical and counseling psychology, psychotherapy, social work, and family therapy as well as all interrelated psychology and medical disciplines.Chapter 10, ¿Engraved in the Body: Ways of Reading Finnish People¿s Memories of Mental Hospitals¿ is/are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book will enable practicing physicians and trainees to learn, in a clinically relevant and intellectually stimulating way, guidelines for appropriate ordering of imaging exams. The new edition provides more than 460 clinical case scenarios, organized into subspecialty modules (breast, cardiac, thoracic, gastrointestinal, urologic, women's, pediatric, vascular, musculoskeletal, and neurologic imaging). Each scenario is presented as a quiz in which the reader is invited to select the best option from various imaging modalities. All choices are given ratings of appropriateness and is consistent with the American College of Radiology (ACR) Appropriateness Criteria. Furthermore, a brief solution to each case is included. Finally, over 500 radiologic images are included each associated with a clinical case to illustrate the diagnostic capabilities of the imaging exam. This second edition incorporates new content and revisions to remain consistent with the updated ACR Appropriateness Criteria since the original publication in 2012. It will be an ideal tool both for self-study and for quantitative evaluation of students¿ knowledge.

This collection presents fundamentals and the current status of friction stir welding (FSW) and solid-state friction stir processing of materials, and provides researchers and engineers with an opportunity to review the current status of the friction stir related processes and discuss the future possibilities. Contributions cover various aspects of friction stir welding and processing including their derivative technologies. Topics include but are not limited to: ¿ derivative technologies ¿ high-temperature lightweight applications ¿ industrial applications ¿ dissimilar alloys and/or materials ¿ controls and nondestructive examination ¿ simulation¿ characterization

This book offers a unique and comprehensive overview of key RNA-based technologies, as well as their development and applications for the functional genomics of plant coding and non-coding genes. It focuses on the latest as well as classical RNA-based techniques used for studies on small RNAs, long non-coding RNAs and protein-coding genes. These techniques chiefly focus on target mimics (TMs) and short tandem target mimics (STTMs) for small RNAs, and artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs), RNA interference (RNAi) and CRISPR/Cas for genes. Furthermore, the book discusses the latest trends in the field and various modifications of the above-mentioned approaches, and explores how these RNA-based technologies have been developed, applied and validated as essential technologies in plant functional genomics. RNA-based technologies, their mechanisms of action, their advantages and disadvantages, and insights into the further development and applications of these technologies in plants are discussed. These techniques will enable the users to functionally characterize genes and small RNAs through silencing, overexpression and editing. Gathering contributions by globally respected experts, the book will appeal to students, teachers and scientists in academia and industry who are interested in horticulture, genetics, pathology, entomology, physiology, molecular genetics and breeding, in vitro culture & genetic engineering, and functional genomics.

This book on counting statistics presents a novel copula-based approach to counting dependent random events. It combines clustering, combinatorics-based algorithms and dependence structure in order to tackle and simplify complex problems, without disregarding the hierarchy of or interconnections between the relevant variables. These problems typically arise in real-world applications and computations involving big data in finance, insurance and banking, where experts are confronted with counting variables in monitoring random events.In this new approach, combinatorial distributions of random events are the core element. In order to deal with the high-dimensional features of the problem, the combinatorial techniques are used together with a clustering approach, where groups of variables sharing common characteristics and similarities are identified and the dependence structure within groups is taken into account. The original problems can then be modeled using new classes of copulas, referred to here as clusterized copulas, which are essentially based on preliminary groupings of variables depending on suitable characteristics and hierarchical aspects.The book includes examples and real-world data applications, with a special focus on financial applications, where the new algorithms¿ performance is compared to alternative approaches and further analyzed. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to master students, PhD students and researchers whose work involves or can benefit from the innovative methodologies put forward here. It will also stimulate the empirical use of new approaches among professionals and practitioners in finance, insurance and banking.

This book presents the proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Maritime Education and Development. The conference exchanges knowledge, experiences and ideas in the domain of maritime education and development, with the ultimate goal of generating new knowledge and implementing smart strategies and actions. Topics include the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR); unmanned air/sea surface/underwater vehicles (UxV); the digital divide and Internet accessibility; digital infrastructure; IMO E-navigation strategy; smart-ship concept; automation and digitalization; cyber security; and maritime future. This proceedings pertains to researchers, academics, students, and professionals in the realm of maritime education and development.

This book is a guide for psychologists working with substance users in different healthcare settings, from private clinical practice to larger health institutions and community services. It presents a comprehensive overview of the different aspects involved with substance use disorders from a psychological perspective, from prevention to recovery. The volume offers an integrative view about neurobiological, behavioral and psychosocial aspects related to becoming a substance user; shows how psychological assessment tools can be used to diagnose substance use disorders; describes how different kinds of psychotherapy can be applied in the treatment of substance use disorders; and presents a range of evidence-based clinical and social interventions designed for both prevention and treatment of substance use disorders. Apart from covering the whole range of services related to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of substance use disorders, the volume also shows how these issues can be approached from different theoretical perspectives within psychology, such as: Behavioral and Cognitive Psychology Neuropsychology Existential Psychology Phenomenology Psychoanalysis Analytical Psychology Community and Social Psychology Psychology of Substance Abuse: Psychotherapy, Clinical Management and Social Intervention will be a useful resource for psychologists and other health professionals working with substance users, as well as to undergraduate and graduate students looking for a comprehensive introduction to the psychology of substance abuse.