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This book addresses the need to support decision-makers across Africa by promoting awareness of the importance of space technologies and data to African development through the presentation of existing examples where space supports education and healthcare, and by making recommendations for further roll-out of these efforts.

With the holistic understanding of the signaling pathways involving phosphatases, one gene family or multiple genes or gene families, plant biologist can lay a foundation for designing and generating future crops, which can withstand the higher degree of environmental stresses.

This unique open access book features a selection of Living Cases on Corporate Governance, which were developed and compiled by chairpersons, members of the board of directors, and CEOs in various countries, working in close collaboration with prominent researchers.

Many of the existing books focusing on the orthopedic management of patients with cerebral palsy encompass only care for the young patient, but this practical text reviews and delineates orthopedic care for patients with cerebral palsy throughout the lifespan.

The research is based on a United States federally-funded program called the Byrne Criminal Justice Initiative (BJCI) which began in 2012, and has funded programs in 65 communities, across 28 states and 61 cities.

Various applications of biosynthesized nanoparticles have been discovered, especially in the field of biomedical research, such as applications to specific delivery of drugs, use for tumor detection, angiogenesis, genetic disease and genetic disorder diagnosis, photoimaging, and photothermal therapy.

This book provides essential future directions for IoT and Big Data research. Thus, there is a new global interest in these applications in various domains such as health, agriculture, energy, security and retail.

Section 1. Historical Perspectives.- Chapter 1. The study of behavioral inhibition and temperamental shyness across four academic generations.- Section 2. Developmental Perspectives.- Chapter 2. Adaptive shyness: A developmental perspective.- Chapter 3. Development and psychophysiological correlates of positive shyness from infancy to childhood.- Chapter 4. Shy but getting by: Protective factors in the links between childhood shyness and socio-emotional functioning.- Section 3. Biological Perspectives.- Chapter 5. Inhibited children in a social world: Transactional and interactive processes.- Chapter 6. The biology of shyness and adapting to threat.- Chapter 7. Shyness, adaptation, human contact.- Section 4. Cultural Perspectives.- Chapter 8. The shy child adapting to the challenges of school.- Chapter 9. Shyness and sociability revisited.- Chapter 10. Quiet strengths: Adaptable introversion in the work place.- Section 5. Cultural Perspectives.- Chapter 11. Shyness and adaptation across cultures.- Chapter 12.The many faces of shyness in childhood across cultural contexts.- Chapter 13. Perspective on shyness as adaptive from Indigenous Peoples of North America.- Section 6. Comparative and Evolutionary Perspectives.- Chapter 14. Comparative perspectives on temperament and personality in human and nonhuman animals.- Chapter 15. Evolution of adaptive individual differences in nonhuman animals.- Chapter 16. Why do people have painful feelings? An evolutionary tale of misery and woe. 

This book provides an overview of the experimental characterization of materials and their numerical modeling, as well as the development of new computational methods for virtual design.

This book explores the broad and diverse biological and physiological impacts of established and newly discovered cyclic di-nucleotide second messenger signaling systems, while also providing descriptions of the intriguing biochemical characteristics of multiple turnover enzymes and receptors. The respective chapters discuss the commonalities and diversity of cyclic di-GMP, cyclic di-AMP and recently discovered cyclic GMP-AMP signaling systems in manifold Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The global human pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae, the facultative human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, global plant pathogens as exemplified by Xanthomonas campestris and Burkholderia spp., and the omnipresent probiotic Lactobacilli, as well as environmentally important photoautotrophic cyanobacteria, the multicellular Myxococcus xanthus, and chemolithotrophic Acidithiobacillus are among the representatives of the microbial kingdom that are described.In turn, the various aspects of bacterial physiology affected by these signaling systemsΓÇô e.g. biofilm formation and dispersal, the cell cycle, motility, virulence, production of antimicrobials, fundamental metabolism and osmohomeostasis ΓÇô are discussed in detail in the context of different microorganisms. Dedicated chapters focus on the population diversity of cyclic dinucleotide signaling systems, their tendency to be horizontally transferred, the cyclic di-GMP signaling system in the social amoeba Dictyostelium, honorary cyclic (di)nucleotides, and the development of strategies for interfering with cyclic dinucleotide signaling in order to manipulate microbial behavior.Taken together, the chapters provide an authoritative source of information for a broad readership: beginners and advanced researchers from various disciplines; individuals seeking a broad overview of cyclic di-nucleotide signaling; and those who want to learn more about specific aspects. Also featuring reviews with a forward-looking perspective, the book offers a valuable source of inspiration for future research directions.

The concept of the Rule of Law and its measurement,.- Explaining the fragility of the Rule of Law in Mexico.- Structural reforms and its implementation challenges.- Social exclusion and culture of legality.

It then discusses rituals and practices within a number of religions, including Christian, Islamic, Jewish, Buddhist, Taoist, Sikh, Hindu, Confucian, and other traditions.There is a need for a more inclusive collection of religious rituals and practices, as some practices are making headlines in contemporary society.

This casebook profiles exceptional traumatic injury prevention programs from all over the globe. Its detailed description and analysis employ a multi-stage process of identifying, evaluating, and casing effective prevention practices. The case studies reflect how legislative and regulatory information impact prevention efforts and provide insight into how national centers for injury prevention and control inform prevention practices on countrywide levels. The authors work with outcome-based research criteria to select and develop their comprehensive and contextually aware profiles of the programs. All included case studies follow the BRIO approach (Background, Resources, Implementation, and Outcome) ΓÇô a model designed to provide a consistent way of describing programs that have been evaluated and found to be exceptional practices.The scope of the Casebook ranges across: The challenge of traumatic injury preventionSports and recreation-related traumatic injury preventionFall-related traumatic injury preventionRoad traffic-related traumatic injury preventionTraumatic injury prevention within complex systemsIn its recognition of traumatic injury prevention across the lifespan as a critical and complex public health challenge, the Casebook of Traumatic Injury Prevention promises to be an influential and authoritative resource for professionals and students in public health, safety, injury prevention, medicine, psychology, sociology, nursing, and engineering. Government agencies and institutions such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), public health departments, and safety associations also would find the Casebook relevant to their work.

The focus of these conference proceedings is on research, development, and applications in the fields of numerical geometry, scientific computing and numerical simulation, particularly in mesh generation and related problems.

Microbial Nanobionics: Volume 1, State of the Art, discusses a wide range of microbial systems and their utilization in biogenic synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. The rich biodiversity of microbes makes them excellent candidates for potential nanoparticle synthesis biofactories.

This book reports on innovative research and developments in the broad field of transportation. It covers solutions relating to intelligent vehicles and infrastructure, energy and combustion management, vehicle dynamics and control, as well as research on human factors, logistics and security. Contributions are based on peer-reviewed papers presented at the 12th international scientific conference "Transbaltica: Transportation Science and Technology", held virtually from Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania, on September 16-17, 2021. All in all, this book offers extensive information on modern transport systems, with a good balance of theory and practice.

This book constitutes revised papers from the International Workshops held at the 19th International Conference on Business Process Management, BPM 2021, in Rome, Italy, during September 6-10, 2021. Papers from the following workshops are included:5th International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence for Business Process Management (AI4BPM'21)17th International Workshop on Business Process Intelligence (BPI'21)1st International Workshop on BPM Governance for and Beyond DigitalTransformation (BPMGOV'21)1st International Workshop on Business Process Management and Routine Dynamics (BPM&RD'21)14th International Workshop on Social and Human Aspects of Business Process Management (BPMS2'21)9th International Workshop on DEClarative, DECision and Hybrid approaches to processes (DEC2H'21)5th International Workshop on Business Processes Meet the Internet-of-Things(BP-Meet-IoT'21)4th International Workshop on Security and Privacy-enhanced Business Process Management (SPBP'21)Each of the eight workshops focused on particular aspects of business process management. Overall, after a thorough review process, there were 31 full papers selected from a total of 60 submissions.

This book presents the theoretical bases and the application tools for using the 'convergence-confinement' method which is a rational method largely used in design engineering for tunneling. Until recently, the stability conditions of underground works and the choice of support methods were essentially defined on the basis of good practice or empirical methods. The progress made, on one hand on the knowledge of the constitutive laws of soils and rocks and, on the other hand on the numerical modeling of the interaction between the ground and the structures have led to the development of robust design tools for tunnels supports. The convergence-confinement method makes it possible to simulate the excavation of a tunnel and the installation of the support using a simple plane strain model. The book presents the theoretical bases of the method and its most recent developments. Closed-form solutions for stress and displacement fields around tunnels are provided for elastic, viscoelastic andelasto-plastic behavior of the ground. More generally, the principles for applying the method in numerical models are presented.