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This book discusses various methods for designing different kinds of observers, such as the Luenberger observer, unknown input observers, discontinuous observers, sliding mode observers, observers for impulsive systems, observers for nonlinear Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems, and observers for electrical machines.

Patient safety and quality improvement in health care remain a global priority.

Phenomenologically speaking, the task of the study is to excavate, listen to, unfold, divulge, and reconstruct the socio-culturally, environmentally, and historically constructed relationship between people and their built environment that build, develop, and elaborate the system of knowledge, ethics, and aesthetics.

Turbulence is a research field where high expectations have met with recurrent frustration. It is a common perception among physicists, mathematicians and engineers that there is a "big mystery" behind the phenomenon of turbulence. Its history has also remained anything but well researched. Unlike topics such as quantum theory, which began to attract physics historians as long as fifty years ago, turbulence has - until now - received only little professional historical investigation.In this book, which complements his earlier SpringerBrief "The Turbulence Problem", the author sketches the history of turbulence from the vantage point of its roots (Part I), the basic concepts (Part II) and the formation of a scientific community that regarded turbulence as a research field in its own right (Part III). From this perspective turbulence research appears to undertake an odyssey through uncharted territories. The book follows this development up until a conference in Marseille in the year 1961, which marked the inauguration of turbulence in the words of its organizer as ΓÇ£a new scienceΓÇ¥. The epilogue contains some observations about turbulence research since 1961. This book provides a rich source of information for all those interested in the history of this major field of basic and applied science.

This open access book provides a view into the state-of-the-art research on aviation noise and related annoyance. The book will primarily focus on the achievements of the ANIMA project (Aviation Noise Impact Management through Novel Approaches), but not exclusively.The content has a broader theme in order to encompass. regulation issues, the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) balanced approach, progresses made on technologies and reduction of noise at source, impact of possible future civil supersonic aircraft, land-use planning issues, as well as the core topics of the ANIMA project, i.e. impact on human beings, annoyance, quality of life, health and findings of the project in this respect.This book differs from traditional research programmes on aviation noise as the authors endeavour, not to lower noise at source, but to reduce the annoyance. This book examines these non-acoustic factors in an effort to help those most affected by aviation noise ΓÇô communities living close to airports, and also help airport managers, policy-makers, local authorities and researchers to deal with this issue holistically. The book concludes with some recommendations  for EU, national and local policy-makers, airport and aviation authorities, and more broadly a scientifically literate audience. These recommendations may help to identify gaps for progress in terms of research but also genuine implementation actions for political and regulatory authorities.

This volume highlights key moments and movements in this "competence turn" in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), and explores the different ways in which competences have been conceptualized and implemented. By marshaling a dialogue between chapters and sections, the book provides a coherent whole that will become a key source on ESD competences. The contributors develop a conceptual map against which to chart existing (and future) ESD competence frameworks, offer new critical case studies that explore the implementation of educator competences in ESD at different structural levels in different European contexts, explore the link between pedagogy and educator competence through hitherto unpublished case studies based on current practices across Europe, and consider the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ESD and educator competence. The book comprises 23 chapters divided into four sections, with an introduction and concluding chapter. Section One introduces concepts and models related to ESD competences, while the following two sections focus on implementation and pedagogy. In light of the foregoing material, the shorter Section Four is both reflective and forward looking. The primary audience for this book will be academics and students working in the fields of Education, Sustainability Science and related disciplines.

This book presents the latest advances in rechargeable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries and provides a guide for future developments in this field. By elevating our understanding of Li-S batteries to a high level this may inspire new ideas for advancing this technology and making it commercially viable.

This book offers a broad and detailed view about how traditional distribution systems are evolving smart/active systems. A senior reader may incorporate some concepts not available during his/her graduation process, whereas new Engineers may have contact with some material that may be essential to his/her practice as professionals.

This book considers the important twentieth century Austrian philosopher, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and his conception of certainty. In his work entitled On Certainty, Wittgenstein provides not only a brilliant solution to a previously intractable philosophical problem, but also the elements of an entirely new way of approaching this and similar longstanding, apparently unresolvable, problems. In On Certainty, he re-conceives the problem of radical skepticismΓÇôthe claim that we can never really be certain of anything except the contents of our own mindsΓÇôas a kind of philosophical ΓÇ£diseaseΓÇ¥ of thought. His approach to the problem, which is emphasized in the book, is similar to the treatment of disease, has two main goals: (1) bring about an awareness in the philosopher that this kind of extreme skepticism is not a methodological approach to be taken seriously, and, with this awareness, (2) an attempt to replace this radical skepticism with a practical, Common Sense framework. Implicit in WittgensteinΓÇÖs approach are a number of strategies found in a contemporary approach to psychotherapy known as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). These strategies, along with philosophical methods and scientific practices rooted in the Scottish School of Common Sense, seek to diagnose and treat irrational thoughts and beliefs that often emerge (and re-emerge) in the discipline of philosophy. The aim of this book, then, is to provide students of philosophy with the tools necessary to adjust and reshape these irrational, self-defeating thoughts and beliefs into something new, something healthy. 

This book provides a comprehensive exchange of information on current developments in the field of sustainable management of manufacturing systems and Industry 4.0. The book brings together world-leading academics and practitioners from the fields of engineering, infrastructure planning, manufacturing management, and economics.

Even before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Central Region faced numerous obstacles to building a stable and prosperous future.  The region, which encompasses the Middle East, the Horn of Africa, Central Asia, and South Asia, has been plagued by economic and political uncertainty amidst dramatic shifts in the global power structure.  With the pandemic now exacerbating the volatility in this already fragile region, the U.S.''s strategic objectives are rife for re-examination.A complicated stew of factors such as weakening of established governance systems, the emboldening of extremist individuals and groups through advances in digital technology, the humanitarian crises in Afghanistan and Syria, and the intensification of the great power competition with China and Russia are creating a fertile environment for the growth of violent extremist organizations (VEOs).  Such organizations take advantage of vulnerable, aggrieved, and traumatized populations to fuel radicalization, recruitment, and unrest, which further undermine stability and the potential for peace and prosperity.While it is still early to fully understand how the ongoing response to the COVID-19 pandemic will impact U.S. policy, this book provides a timely analysis of relevant dynamics such as popular radicalization, digital information ecosystems, networks of influence, and new capabilities to recognize and prepare for other such black swan events in the region.

Valuable progress has been made in food packaging over the past two decades, reflecting advancements in process efficiency, improved safety and quality throughout the supply chain, and the need to reduce product loss and environmental impact. A new generation of food packaging systems, including active and intelligent packaging, is emerging, based on technological breakthroughs that offer the possibility of extending shelf-life, reducing food loss, and monitoring changes in the food product.Releasing Systems in Active Food Packaging closely examines such a technological breakthrough, active releasing systems, which add compounds such as antimicrobials, antioxidants, flavors, colorants, and other ingredients to packaged food products. Chapters detail examples of recent innovations in active releasing systems, and the authors systematically address their application to different food groups. Such an in-depth approach makes this a useful reference researchers, health professionals, and food and packaging industry professionals interesting in innovative food packaging technologies. 

With sustainability as the focus, the topics covered include designing and controlling of smart systems, networking and machine learning, monitoring and controlling the environment, smart metering, authentication and authorization, and software and systems solution.

This thesis presents the first successful realization of a compact, low-noise, and few-cycle light source in the mid-infrared wavelength region.

It provides benchmarks for entrepreneurial initiatives covering tourism services, place-branded tourism, social networks, spiritual tourism, cross-border tourism initiatives, and tourism in low-density regions.

This book gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of machine science and mechanical engineering, as presented by international researchers and engineers at the 11th International Conference on Machine and Industrial Design in Mechanical Engineering (KOD), held in Novi Sad, Serbia on June 10-12, 2021.

This book provides a detailed, state-of-the-art overview of key observational and theoretical aspects of the rapidly developing and highly interdisciplinary field of exoplanet science, as viewed through the lenses of eight world-class experts.

This book contributes to the development of a relational view of economics. In contrast to discrete market transactions as a traditional subject of economic discourse, the book analyses the role of relational transactions in the study of economic phenomena.

In this interdisciplinary book, experts from philosophy, medicine, law, psychology, economics, and social sciences address questions and develop solutions for a well-designed society of long life.

This book corresponds to the fifth volume of the series focused on Processes in GeoMedia and their research on the dynamic of natural systems, including theoretical and experimental studies of the processes occurring in the earth's bowels, the ocean, and the atmosphere.

This book gathers international knowledge and contemporary clinical and scientific evidence on infections associated with the musculoskeletal system at a time when we are confronted with significant challenges and uncertainty.

This book brings together a selection of theoretical reflections, empirical researches and professional experiences to showcase the increasing production of psychological studies in rural contexts developed in Latin America in recent years. PsychologyΓÇÖs tradition of science and eminently urban profession has produced a void of reflections and approaches on important actors of the societies that constitute their existence in rural contexts and in relation ΓÇô whether of integration, conflicts and contradictions ΓÇô with urban agents. But a new generation of psychologists are turning their attention to rural contexts, especially in Latin America.This volume aims to present a selection of these psychological studies and interventions developed in rural contexts from a psychosocial and interdisciplinary perspective, developed together with various social actors who live and work in rural spaces, that have an important relationship with land and nature both in terms of the elaboration of their history, the production of their subjectivities and identity ties with the territory, and the engagement in struggles for the right to land and for public policies that guarantee access to education and health services, technical assistance and infrastructure for its working activities.The book is divided in five parts, each one dedicated to a dimension of psychosocial studies and interventions in rural contexts: theoretical approaches; mental health and rural populations; social movements, communities and resistance practices; gender relations and subjectivation processes; and environment and sustainability. Chapters in each axis prioritize reports of experiences and research conducted with participatory approaches, producing new perspectives and reflections that contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field of psychology, both regionally and globally.

Aside from teaching readers about developing research areas, this book will inspire researchers to ask further questions to continue to advance the field. The volume contains both original results and survey articles, presenting the results of collaborative research on a wide range of topics.

This book aims to provide a comprehensive reference into the critical subject of failure and degradation in organic materials, used in optoelectronics and microelectronics systems and devices.

This book, in its first part, contains units of conceptual history of several topics of physics based on the research in physics education and research based articles with regard to several topics involved in teaching science in general and physics in particular.

This book is a graduate-level self-study guide of bound states in elementary particle physics and consequently in the standard model. The properties of relativistic bound states are discussed for Dirac states, atoms in motion, QED in D=1+1 dimensions, and hadrons in quantum chromodynamics (including color confinement).

This book assembles essays by thinkers who were at the center of the German post World War II development of ethical thought in medicine. As these essays illustrate, the development of bioethics in Germany does not follow a linear line of progressiveness, but rather retains a sense of the traditional ethos of the guild.

This book presents techniques for determining uncertainties in numerical solutions with applications in the fields of business administration, civil engineering, and economics, using Excel as a computational tool.

This volume includes articles spanning several research areas in number theory, such as arithmetic geometry, algebraic number theory, analytic number theory, and applications in cryptography and coding theory.