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This volume presents a comprehensive overview of childhood trauma, considering the psychopathological definition and its neurobiological implications as well as its impact on different psychiatric disorders. The focus on childhood trauma rather than that occurring in adulthood is important due to its general ¿neuro-psyco-sociö and its specific biological implications, since trauma during childhood impacts directly on neurodevelopment. It has been suggested that early life stress increases vulnerability to psychiatric disorders; however, the exact mechanisms of this association are not yet completely understood. Although childhood trauma could be considered too unspecific to be an important risk factor for individual psychiatric disorders since it seems to occur across the board, it impacts differently on different psychiatric disorders, and it can modulate their clinical expression. Therefore, the assessment of early trauma needs to be included in the clinical evaluation of patients with psychiatric disorders. The volume will be an invaluable tool for psychiatrists, helping them to select suitable pharmacological, psychotherapeutic and rehabilitative treatments.

This book is intended as a manual and offers an essential tool for practicing and occupational dermatologists, for postgraduates training in dermatology and allergo-immunology, and for allergologists and occupational physicians. Moreover, the authors include information from the world literature, addressing the needs of those who work in industrial fields and are concerned about the dermatological safety of products. The book provides a handy update on this complex, rapidly evolving research area, and in particular, an in-depth analysis of its clinical aspects. It will enable dermatologists to recognize the various clinical manifestations of the condition, make a prompt diagnosis and choose the most effective treatment.Contact dermatitis, a vast and fascinating field of study, has a high frequency of occurrence worldwide in both children and adults of both sexes, and during their daily routine, dermatologists invariably encounter many patients with this disease. To ensure the proper management of these patients it is necessary first of all to formulate a clinical diagnosis on accurate morphological grounds, since it is the most clinically polymorphic disease in dermatology and hence very demanding in terms of differential diagnosis. Then, to achieve properly targeted prevention for each patient, it is essential to isolate the causes among the numerous etiological chemical agents present in both working and leisure time activities and environments. The aim of this book is therefore two-fold: firstly to provide information on the various clinical features of contact dermatitis and review their differential diagnosis, and secondly to provide a comprehensive etiological overview. Particular attention has been paid to the methodologies and importance of patch tests and other diagnostic tools, as well as to the principles of prognosis, treatment and rehabilitation, together with considerations on some preventive aspects underlying contact dermatitis. A wealth of color clinical images, as well as tables and explanatory diagrams, round out the book.

This comprehensive guide describes the aftercare that is appropriate in young cancer patients and discusses in detail the risk and detection of treatment sequelae. It explains the impacts on body and mind of both the disease itself and the different risk-adapted cancer treatments currently in use. Clear guidance is provided on diagnosis and management of the principal treatment-related toxicities in different organs and organ systems and for a wide variety of tumor types. In addition, the role of genetic polymorphisms in the development of adverse therapy-related outcomes is explored, and advice offered on genetic counselling. As the number of long-term survivors of childhood cancer and of cancer in young adults continues to grow, so issues surrounding potential sequelae, second malignancies, and quality of life are becoming ever more important. All practitioners involved in the care of young cancer patients will find this book to be a helpful source of up-to-date information and assistance.

This title provides an illuminating examination of the current state of xenotransplantation ¿ grafting or transplanting organs or tissues between members of different species ¿ and how it might move forward into the clinic. To be sure, this is a critical topic, as a major problem that remains worldwide is an inadequate supply of organs from deceased human donors, severely limiting the number of organ transplants that can be performed each year. Based on presentations given at a major conference on xenotransplantation, this title includes important views from many leading experts who were invited to present their data and opinions on how xenotransplantation can advance into the clinic. Attention was concentrated on pig kidney and heart transplantation as it is in regard to these organs that most progress has been made. Collectively, these chapters effectively highlight the many advantages of xenotransplantation to patients with end-stage organ failure, thereby encouraging the mapping of a concrete pathway to clinical xenotransplantation. The book is organized across 22 chapters, beginning with background information on clinical and experimental xenotransplantation. Following this are discussions addressing how pigs can be genetically engineered for their organs to be resistant to the human immune response through deletion of pig xenoantigens, and the insertion of ¿protective¿ human transgenes. Subsequent chapters analyze complications that arise in practice, comparing allotransplant and xenotransplant rejection. The selection of the ideal patients for the first clinical trials is discussed. Finally, the book concludes with an analysis on the regulatory, economic, and social aspects of this research, including FDA perspectives and the sensitive, psychosocial factors regarding allotransplantation and xenotransplantation. A major and timely addition to the literature, Clinical Xenotransplantation will be of great interest to all researchers, physicians, and academics from other disciplines with an interest in xenotransplantation.

Degenerative conditions of the knee place an increasing burden on health economies and lead to pain and functional loss for sufferers. Although arthroplasty may not offer a level of functional restoration that meets all patients¿ expectations, joint preservation through osteotomy is a viable option in younger, more physically active patients.This volume is a comprehensive technical guide to performing knee-preserving surgery to treat degenerative conditions and malalignment-associated knee instability. Drawing on their extensive experience of these procedures, the authors provide valuable insights into identifying patients who may benefit, as well as planning and performing the procedures with a high degree of precision, and explaining the results that can be achieved.This book both initiates novices and provides technical tips for experienced surgeons, and as such is an indispensible resource for all clinicians who treat patients with knee conditions.

This book provides an up-to-date and comprehensive primer on image-guided interventions for cancer. Image-guided interventional oncology is gaining popularity as it is a minimally invasive and more precisely targeted approach that both proves more effective and results in fewer side effects. This book¿s aim is to provide a clinical guide to interventional oncology for the entire oncology team. Chapters are approached with the same interdisciplinary perspective that is used in the care itself, with each chapter written by an interventional radiologist with contributions from medical, surgical and/or radiation oncologists. Chapters cover the major cancers that can benefit from interventional oncology treatment (including lung, liver, kidney, and bone), as well as some of the physics and physiology behind these interventional modalities. This is an ideal guide for interventional radiologists, medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, radiation oncologists, as well as relevant trainees.

This book provides an updated and comprehensive overview of cough, while opening new perspectives for their treatment and management. It enables readers to not only discover new physiologic features and mechanisms but also to gain an in-depth understanding of the diagnostic workup of cough, still one of the most frequent and challenging symptoms in daily medical practice. The book also provides insights into cough¿s features and pathogenesis, as well as into pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments. The most frequent causes of chronic cough (asthma, postnasal drip, gastroesophageal reflux and chronic hypersensitivity syndrome) and different types of pediatric cough are also explored.Coughing is a common symptom, occurring in many clinical settings, and as such the book appeals a broad readership, including pulmonologists specialized in cough, general practitioners, internists, pediatricians and otorhinolaryngologists.

This revised and expanded second edition presents the most recent evidence-based facts on perioperative fluid management and discusses fluid management from basic sciences to clinical applications and the patients¿ outcomes.Recent advances in understanding the Revised Starling principle with new concepts in tissue perfusion and the most recent techniques of perioperative goal directed fluid management are described. The endothelial glycocalyx functions and the influence of fluid management on its integrity are covered in detail; moreover, the techniques for its protection are also discussed. The dilemma of perioperative use of hydroxyethyl starch solutions and the resurgence of interest in using human albumin as an alternative colloid is explored. The problems of using unbuffered solutions during the perioperative period and comparison between restrictive versus liberal fluid management are discussed in full. Lastly, case scenarios for every possible clinical situation describe the most up-to-date fluid management for the corresponding clinical problem. Perioperative Fluid Management, Second Edition is of interest to anesthesiologists and also intensivists.

Breast augmentation paired with mastopexy is often regarded as a challenging procedure since it is essentially two surgeries in one. Because of the complexity of the dual procedure, as well as the careful planning required, many doctors avoid performing these surgeries together, instead preferring their patient to undergo two separate surgeries.These two procedures can be safely performed with methodical planning and intra operative execution. This book provides not only insight and instruction on a variety of mastopexy procedures and accompanying types of breast augmentation, but it will also help the clinician determine the optimal surgery for each individual patient.Primarily meant for practicing aesthetic plastic surgeons, Augmentation Mastopexy -- Mastering the Art in the Management of the Ptotic Breast will also find use among plastic surgery fellows and plastic surgery residents. Unlike some of the competitive literature that briefly toucheson the topic or simply provides an overview, the information provided is methodical and comprehensive, providing a wealth of color images to accompany the techniques described. Case studies with long-term follow up are also included, offering not only an understanding of potential pitfalls but a veritable how-to for handling complications when they do arise.

Breast augmentation paired with mastopexy is often regarded as a challenging procedure since it is essentially two surgeries in one. Because of the complexity of the dual procedure, as well as the careful planning required, many doctors avoid performing these surgeries together, instead preferring their patient to undergo two separate surgeries.These two procedures can be safely performed with methodical planning and intra operative execution. This book provides not only insight and instruction on a variety of mastopexy procedures and accompanying types of breast augmentation, but it will also help the clinician determine the optimal surgery for each individual patient.Primarily meant for practicing aesthetic plastic surgeons, Augmentation Mastopexy -- Mastering the Art in the Management of the Ptotic Breast will also find use among plastic surgery fellows and plastic surgery residents. Unlike some of the competitive literature that briefly touches on the topic or simply provides an overview, the information provided is methodical and comprehensive, providing a wealth of color images to accompany the techniques described. Case studies with long-term follow up are also included, offering not only an understanding of potential pitfalls but a veritable how-to for handling complications when they do arise.

¿This book serves as a foundation for MRI guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) across neurosurgical diseases. It provides state-of-the-art information on the latest indications and results for LITT in CNS applications, as well as prerequisite historical perspective and technical fundamentals. Written by experts in the field, the text reviews the historical development of LITT, the technical and technological components required to perform LITT, its indications and contraindications, areas that still require investigation, LITT complications, and challenges to starting up LITT within one¿s practice. As early adopters of the technology, the authors provide sage advice that reflects the initial learning curves of many of the users. The book then concludes with a practical guide to starting up a LITT practice in the current medical socioeconomic environment. Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy in Neurosurgery is a guide that willallow all neurosurgeons interested in LITT to successfully adopt the technology and incorporate its use seamlessly, safely and appropriately into their individual practices.

¿This book serves as a foundation for MRI guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) across neurosurgical diseases. It provides state-of-the-art information on the latest indications and results for LITT in CNS applications, as well as prerequisite historical perspective and technical fundamentals. Written by experts in the field, the text reviews the historical development of LITT, the technical and technological components required to perform LITT, its indications and contraindications, areas that still require investigation, LITT complications, and challenges to starting up LITT within one¿s practice. As early adopters of the technology, the authors provide sage advice that reflects the initial learning curves of many of the users. The book then concludes with a practical guide to starting up a LITT practice in the current medical socioeconomic environment. Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy in Neurosurgery is a guide that will allow all neurosurgeons interested in LITT to successfully adopt the technology and incorporate its use seamlessly, safely and appropriately into their individual practices.

This book is designed to present a comprehensive and state-of the-art approach to all aspects of geriatric surgery within the broad confines of surgery in geriatrics including general surgery, neurosurgery, thoracic surgery, vascular surgery, cardiac surgery, surgical oncology, hepatobiliary and transplant surgery, plastic, colorectal, orthopedic, gynecologic, and urologic surgery. The text is split into four parts. The first part is organized under general considerations on the geriatric surgical patient and includes current trends in geriatric surgery, and a number of important general issues such as practical approaches to reversal of bleeding/anticoagulation, role of anesthetic concerns in advanced age, frailty index and measurements of physiological reserves, nutritional support in the elderly, quality of life in the elderly, drug use, and family involvement. Part two of the book focuses on surgery specific system-based problems in geriatric surgical patients. The third part addresses many other important aspects of geriatric surgery including palliative and end of life care for the elderly, religious issues and the elderly care surgery, elderly with mental health issues, and nursing care of elderly patients. The fourth and final part describes the need for geriatric surgical care education and the components that are essential for the curriculum of current and future generations of students. Written by experts in the field, Surgical Decision Making in Geriatrics addresses patient selection, pre-operative considerations, technical conduct of the most common operations, and avoiding complications.