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This book provides a comprehensive and practical guide to orthostatic hypotension (OH) for doctors and nurses involved in the care of older adults, together with a state-of-the-art update on OH, covering its epidemiology, pathophysiology, assessment, diagnosis, causes, prevention, management, and relevance for geriatric practice. In addition, it addresses mechanisms of orthostatic tolerance and other orthostasis related conditions, as well as drugs, comorbidities and geriatric syndromes related to OH.The homeostatic ability to maintain blood pressure while standing requires an adequate blood volume and the integrity of the nervous system, heart, blood vessels and muscle pump. However, in older adults, some age-related factors can contribute to the development of OH. For example, decreased baroreflex sensitivity, ¿-1-adrenergic vasoconstrictor response to sympathetic stimuli, parasympathetic activity, renal salt and water conservation, increased vascular stiffness and decreased ventricular diastolic filling, as well as concentrated capacities of the kidney may be associated with changes in postural blood pressure. It has also been shown that OH is associated with falls, cardiac events, heart failure, stroke, reduced quality of life, and increased risk of overall mortality in these patients. ¿Orthostatic Hypotension in Older Adults¿ will be of considerable interest to all professionals working in the fields of geriatrics, geriatric psychiatry, neurology, internal medicine, cardiology, and emergency medicine, or working with older people in hospitals or in their community.

This book features in-depth descriptions of imaging modalities (MRI, CT, US, PET) for all orbital pathologies, including tumors, vascular anomalies, congenital anomalies, trauma, inflammations and infections. It describes all the imaging features of the pathologies, and includes guidance for differential diagnosis and relevant clinical data.Atlas of Orbital Imaging serves as a clinical and educational resource for ophthalmologists/orbital surgeon residents, as well as a source of reference for consultants and neuroradiologists at all levels. The illustrations are both highly detailed and depict the orbit in vivid colour, adding to the attractiveness of the chapters. This reference work is a worldwide collaborative effort of all leading orbital surgeons and neuro-radiologists (in Europe, America, Australia and Asia) and provides an indispensable resource for developing skills and knowledge of orbital imaging.

This book covers relevant concepts in nuclear cardiology, combining imaging techniques and clinical data to do so. Today, nuclear cardiology is a worldwide discipline connected to the broader field of cardiovascular imaging. The combination of clinical aspects (symptoms, medications, previous cardiac procedures), ancillary exams and nuclear images is key to decision-making in clinical practice. Thus, a book on this topic is essential to provide better outcomes for cardiology patients.The chapters cover a comprehensive range of topics in current cardiology practice, such as ambulatory patients, patients in emergency settings, patients after complex cardiac procedures, and patients during and after the use of cancer therapies that are potentially toxic for the heart (cardio-oncology). As such, multiple clinical scenarios are also presented: patients with suspected coronary disease, patients with heart failure of unknown origin, patients with acute chest pain in the emergencydepartment, patients with suspected pulmonary embolism, patients with complications of the left ventricular assist device, etc. Furthermore, the book describes nuclear cardiology procedures and techniques, discusses the main clinical indications and scenarios for each procedure, presents new technological advances in the field (machine learning and artificial intelligence tools), and mentions the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Given its scope, the book offers a valuable guide and videos for various medical professionals, especially cardiologists and nuclear physicians.

The hypothalamus is an anatomically small but functionally important part of the brain. In functional and pathophysiological terms, the hypothalamus represents the intersection of several areas of clinical and medical expertise. The human hypothalamus can be astutely referred to as the crossroad of endocrinology, psychiatry, neurology and neurosurgery. Because of its involvement in myriad physiologic functions and the varied ways disorders involving it can manifest, hypothalamic disease can initially come to medical attention in widely disparate settings and with widely different clinicians. Therefore, the detection and proper care of hypothalamic dysfunction and disease often requires carefully coordinated multidisciplinary care.This volume fills a significant void in the medical professional community, comprehensively presenting the scope of hypothalamic structure, function, dysfunction and disease to cater to the various clinical, teaching and researchprofessionals that have a stake in this part of the human brain. This text captures in one place all the information that practicing clinicians, clinician scientists, and researchers need to be adequately informed about various aspects of the hypothalamus in all its complexity. It is comprehensive and broad in scope so that it provides relevant reference information for the wide range of professionals involved in the pre- and post-mortem detection, diagnosis, characterization, care and management of various hypothalamic disorders and diseases in addition to providing a sound anatomic and physiologic foundation of the normal human hypothalamus. The Human Hypothalamus can be used to differing degrees by medical professionals and students alike, finding utility for interested general clinicians, medical school and allied health professional teaching faculty as well as subspecialists in domains as wide as neurosurgery, neuroendocrinology, clinical psychiatry and neuro-oncology.

This atlas explores the latest advances in radionuclide imaging in the field of inflammatory diseases and infections, which now typically includes multimodality fusion imaging (e.g. in SPECT/CT and in PET/CT). In addition to describing the pathophysiologic and molecular mechanisms on which the radionuclide imaging of infection/inflammation is based, the clinical relevance and impact of such procedures are demonstrated in a collection of richly illustrated teaching cases, which describe the most commonly observed scintigraphic patterns, as well as anatomic variants and technical pitfalls. Special emphasis is placed on using tomographic multimodality imaging to increase both the sensitivity and specificity of radionuclide imaging.The aim of the second edition of this book is to update the first (published in 2013) by reflecting the changes in this rapidly evolving field. Particular attention is paid to the latest advances in the radionuclide imaging of infection and inflammation, including the expanding role of hybrid imaging with [18F]FDG PET/CT SPECT/CT, without neglecting new radiotracers proposed for the imaging of infection/inflammation. Written by respected experts in the field, the book will be an invaluable tool for residents in nuclear medicine, as well as for other specialists.

This richly illustrated book, now in an updated and extended third edition, systematically covers the use of diffusion-weighted (DW) MR imaging in all major areas of neuroradiology, including imaging of the head and neck and the spine as well as the brain. The authors guide the reader from the basic principles of DW imaging through to the use of cutting-edge diffusion sequences such as diffusion tensor (DTI) and kurtosis (DKI), fiber tractography, high b value, intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and oscillating gradient spin echo (OGSE). Pathology, pathophysiology, and patient management and treatment are all thoroughly discussed.Since the early descriptions by LeBihan and colleagues of the ability to image and measure the micromovement of water molecules in the brain, diffusion imaging and its derivatives have contributed ever more significantly to the evaluation of multiple disease processes. In comprehensivelydescribing the state of the art in the field, this book will be of high value not only for those who deal routinely with neuro-MR imaging but also for readers who wish to establish a sound basis for understanding diffusion images in the hope of extending these principles into more exotic areas of neuroimaging.

Although most clinicians are aware of the problem of antimicrobial resistance, most also underestimate its significance in their own hospital. The incorrect and inappropriate use of antibiotics and other antimicrobials, as well as poor prevention and poor control of infections, are contributing to the development of such resistance.Appropriate use of antibiotics and compliance with infection prevention and control measures should be integral aspects of good clinical practice and standards of care. However, these activities are often inadequate among clinicians, and there is a considerable gap between the best evidence and actual clinical practice.In hospitals, cultural determinants influence clinical practice, and improving behaviour in terms of infection prevention and antibiotics-prescribing practice remains a challenge. Despite evidence supporting the effectiveness of best practices, many clinicians fail to implement them, and evidence-based processes and practices that are known to optimize both the prevention and the treatment of infections tend to be underused. Addressing precisely this problem, this volume offers an essential toolkit for all surgeons and intensivists interested in improving their clinical practices.

This extensive and yet easy-to-read book covers technical aspects of the management of difficult acute cholecystitis. It discusses diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and strategies for avoiding and managing complications based on both evidence-based data and the experiences of the editor and the international contributors. Further, it analyses the latest guidelines to find the best clinical applications. Each chapter describes the current diagnostic and management strategies, focusing on a possible risk stratification by scores proposed in literature. Lastly, the book describes the relevant technical considerations and tips and tricks, explaining them in full. Illustrated throughout and including line graphs depicting fundamental anatomic and technical principles, making it easy-to understand, it is a useful toolkit for all residents, fellows and general surgeons needing a guide to the treatment of difficult acute cholecystits.

Now in its second edition utilizing brand new clinical case material, this popular, user-friendly text presents the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer and related clinical issues, providing clinicians in endocrinology and oncology with the best real-world strategies to properly manage the various manifestations of thyroid cancer that they may encounter. Each chapter is a case report that opens with a unique clinical presentation, followed by a description of the diagnosis, assessment and therapy, as well as the case outcome, literature review, clinical pearls and pitfalls, and bibliography. All recommendations are based on evidence-based clinical practice guidelines and recent literature. Written by experts in the field, these cases illustrate treatment for both low- and high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer, including surgical approaches, radioiodine therapy, and novel chemotherapies and targeted therapies, as well as postoperative follow-up and special issues. Additional cases demonstrate the management of medullary thyroid cancer and anaplastic thyroid cancer. Topics new to the second edition include information on management of small thyroid cancers with ¿active surveillance¿ (without surgery), new chemotherapeutic approaches to advanced thyroid cancer, and new information on a lesion that is no longer considered to be thyroid cancer (Neoplastic Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-Like Features [NIFTP]), as well as material on external beam radiotherapy and new approaches to the management of anaplastic thyroid cancer.Pragmatic and reader-friendly, this second edition of Thyroid Cancer: A Case-Based Approach will be an excellent resource for clinical endocrinologists and oncologists, endocrine fellows, residents and students alike.

Expressly designed for surgeons in training who are new to nasal rhinoplasty, this textbook is written in a simple didactic style. A century after the first open rhinoplasty was performed by Dr. Aurel Réthi in Hungary, open rhinoplasty is now the most commonly used approach to aesthetic and reconstructive nasal surgery; the author¿s decades of experience will safely guide the reader through her/his journey from the first contact with new patients to the postoperative analysis of clinical results.Instead of the usual classification of surgical techniques and anatomical regions, here the learning process is based on a sequence of steps, each of which addresses the most frequent problems that surgeons are likely to encounter in everyday clinical practice. In addition, the most relevant surgical instruments and electromedical devices are presented, together with their specific features and techniques, such as inclination and positioning during the procedure. Each step is richlyillustrated and supported by a suggested reading list, as well as content on ethical and general principles. A specific chapter on radiological pre-evaluation assessment makes this book unique. Given its clear structure, its appealing didactic style and wealth of figures, Basic Open Rhinoplasty offers a much-valued step-by-step companion for postgraduate students, surgeons in training, and medical practitioners who deal with rhinoplasty in their clinical practice.

This book is a wide-ranging guide to current and emerging applications of ultrasonography within nephrology that aims to provide readers with a sound understanding of the rationale for the use of ultrasound techniques in various disease settings, for example, complications following renal transplantation, arteriovenous fistulas, renal artery stenosis, nonstenotic renal artery pathology, renal vein pathology, aortic disease, and acute renal failure. Particular emphasis is placed on newer applications, such as those involving elastosonography, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, and color Doppler imaging. There is no doubt that ultrasound techniques can improve the standard of care in nephrology, from vascular access planning to management of uremic complications. Nevertheless, many nephrologists continue to delegate the performance of ultrasonography to radiologists or other colleagues, which is especially regrettable given the advent of affordable, portable ultrasound scanners.This book will be of value for all clinicians interested in the role of ultrasound techniques in nephrology and will be especially useful for nephrologists seeking to incorporate ultrasonography into their practice.

This book discusses the current trends in nursing and healthcare in relation to the integration of information technological interventions across the care continuum. The use of such interventions in healthcare has increased rapidly in recent years, partly due to the rise in technological gadgets/applications used in daily routines (e.g. actigraphy bracelets, smartphones) and their unique properties that can be utilized in assessing, monitoring and managing a patient¿s condition remotely. This book highlights the areas and the ways in which these interventions can facilitate patient assessment and monitoring and complement conventional treatments in the management of disease-induced or treatment-induced side effects. Furthermore, the book describes the development of such interventions and examines how they are designed to promote adherence and acceptance by the user. To this end, the book also discusses the need for personalizing the technological experience according tothe user¿s preferences and needs. Drawing on the latest studies in these areas, it not only provides suggestions for undertaking research in this context, but also offers insights into how these technologies impact patients¿ clinical outcomes. Lastly, it addresses the challenges of utilizing such technologies and future directions.Providing multiple perspectives on the topic, the book appeals to a wide range of readers, including nurses, clinicians, researchers, technology experts and students, making them familiar with a broad selection of technological interventions and their application in clinical practice. Moreover, it highlights the factors that need to be considered in the development (and testing) of future interventions, in particular in nursing, and provides inspiration for future studies.

This book provides an overview of the history, anatomy, epidemiology, diagnosis (HPI, PE, Imaging), non-pharmacological management and medication management of trigeminal nerve pain. Nerve blocks for the trigeminal nerve and branches, Radiofrequency ablation, chemodenervation, cryotherapy, botox injections, neuromodulation infusion therapy, balloon compression gamma knife therapy, decompression surgery, peripheral neurectomy and the psychological impact are also examined with an algorithm for management recommendations included in the final chapter. Trigeminal Nerve Pain - A Guide to Clinical Management comprehensively covers how to manage patients with this often debilitating pain and is of use to trainees and practising internists, hospitalists, surgeons and anaesthesiologists seeking to increase their understanding of this complex condition.

This is a comprehensive guide for patient preparation, image acquisition, and image interpretation for PET/CT and PET/MR, specifically relevant to melanoma and sarcoma. Imaging specialists and referring physicians are often not as intimately aware of the particulars of PET imaging in management of patients with melanoma and sarcoma and how it could affect their treatment. This book fills that gap by presenting comprehensive information on melanoma, sarcoma, and the role of PET imaging in their diagnosis and management.The book begins by covering the basics of imaging for practicing physicians and trainees. Expert authors then further cover the biological concepts of melanoma and sarcoma and how they relate to imaging, particularly PET, the oncologist¿s perspective, and the surgeon¿s perspective on imaging for both the imaging specialist and the referring physician. Chapters review topics such as: PET/CT and PET/MR images in melanoma and sarcoma from a systemic approach, false-positives, false-negatives, pitfalls, and molecular imaging beyond PET. Images are used extensively throughout to enhance understanding for the reader. This is an ideal guide for radiologists, nuclear medicine physicians, oncologists, surgeons, trainees and technologists.

This volume offers a comprehensive guide to the prevention, management of injury, risk factor mitigation, and rehabilitation in track and field athletes. It serves as a valuable resource for the sports medicine community, including surgeons, sports medicine physicians, physical therapists, and athletic trainers.In addition to addressing current management techniques for injuries, the book discusses various special considerations, e.g. biologics, the aging athlete, rehabilitation, nutrition, and gender.Published in collaboration with ISAKOS, this book offers an updated information authored by experts in the field, and a valuable contribution to the field of orthopedics and sports medicine.