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Session I: Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: Structural Aspects and Mechanisms.- 1. Relations of Left Ventricular Geometry and Function to Prognosis in Hypertension.- 2. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, Arterial Compliance, and Aging.- 3. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Arterial Blood Pressure in Experimental Models of Hypertension.- 4. Regulation and Role of Myocardial Collagen Matrix Remodeling in Hypertensive Heart Disease.- 5. Ultrasonic Reflectivity of the Heart: A Measure of Fibrosis?.- 6. Local Angiotensin II and Myocardial Fibrosis.- 7. Left Ventricular Anatomy and Function in Primary Aldosteronism and Renovascular Hypertension.- Session II: Pathophysiological and Molecular Aspects.- 8. Hypertension Differentially Affects the Expression of the Gap Junction Protein Connexin43 in Cardiac Myocytes and Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells.- 9. Modulation of Cardiac Hypertrophy by Estrogens.- 10. Salt Sensitivity and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy.- 11. Volume Overload, Atrial Natriuretic Peptide, and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy.- 12. The Renin-Angiotensin System Gene Polymorphism and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy.- 13. Renin-Angiotensin System Gene Polymorphisms and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: The Case against an Association.- Session III: Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Aspects.- 14. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Arterial Hypertrophy.- 15. Relationship between Cardiac Hypertrophy and Microalbuminuria.- 16. Physiological versus Pathological Hypertrophy: The Athlete and the Hypertensive.- 17. Bradykinin and Cardiac Protection.- 18. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Sympathetic Activity.- 19. Hypertension, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, and Heart Rate Variability.- 20. Comparison of Meta-Analyses of Therapeutic Studies on Regression of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy.- 21. Comparison of Therapeutic Studies on Regression of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy.- 22. Prognostic Significance of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Regression.- Session IV: Myocardial Ischemia.- 23. Hypertension and Coronary Microvascular Disease.- 24. Myocardial Perfusion in Hypertensive Patients with Normal Coronary Arteries.- 25. Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypertension.- 26. Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypertensives: An Uncertain Association.- 27. Hypertension, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, and Coronary Flow Reserve.- 28. Hypertensive Heart Disease, Ventricular Dysrhythmias, and Sudden Death.- 29. Hypertension and Heart Failure.- Speakers.

Molecular Signalling: Ca2+-Signaling in Cardiac Myocytes: Evidence from Evolutionary and Transgenic Models; M. Morad, Y.J. Suzuki. Diastolic Viscoelastic Properties of Rat Cardiac Muscle; Involvement of Ca2+; B.D.M.Y. Stuyvers, et al. The Contractile Mechanism and Energetics: Molecular Control of Myocardial Mechanics and Energetics: The Chemo-Mechanical Conversion; A. Landesberg. Myocardial Cell Energetics; H. Kammermeier. Cardiac Mechanics and Flow Dynamics: How Cardiac Contraction Affects the Coronary Vasculature; N. Westerhof, et al. Dynamic Interaction between Myocardial Contracton and Coronary Flow; R. Beyar, S. Sideman. Vascular Structure and Remodeling: Endothelial Gene Regulation by Laminar Shear Stress; N. Resnick, et al. Myocardial Structure and Function. Tissue Remodeling with Micro-Structurally Based Material Laws; P. Hunter, T. Arts. Electrical Activation and Propagation: Cardiac Excitation: An Interactive Process of Ion Channels and Gap Junctions; Y. Rudy, R.M. Shaw. The Cardionome: Concepts in Modeling: Design and Strategy for the Cardionome Project; J.B. Bassingthwaighte. 20 Additional Chapters. Index.

General Aspects: Nutritionally Related Disorders/Diseases in Africans: Highlights of Half A Century of Research, with Special Reference to Unexpected Phenomena; A.R.P. Walker. The Evolving Epidemiology of Fiber & Heart Disease; C. Humble. Complex Carbohydrates: Overview on Complex Carbohydrates; J. De Vries. Dietary Guidelines and Complex Carbohydrates; B. Schneeman. Soluble Fiber: Soluble Fiber and Hypertension; J.M. Keenan. Soluble Fiber and Energy Regulation: Current Knowledge and Future Directions; S. Roberts. Short Chain Fatty Acids: Butyrate and the Colonocyte: Production, Absorption, Metabolism and Nutrient Utilization; M.J. McBurney. Nutrients Contributing to the Fiber Effect: Resistant Starch-An Update on Its Physiological Effects; N.G. Asp. Health Benefits of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides; M. Roberfroid. Fiber and Disease: Fiber and Cancer Protection: Mechanisms; D. Klurfeld. Dietary Fiber & Bile Acid Metabolism-An Update; J.A. Story. Workshop Reports: Dietary Guidelines/RDA/Daily Value; B. Schneeman. Soluble Dietary Fiber; J. Marlett. 19 Additional Articles. Index.

Human Reproduction-The Missing Parts of the Puzzle; B.P. Setchell. Genes, Chromosomes and Fertility: Human Y Chromosome Deletions in Yq11 and Male Fertility; P.H. Vogt. Frequency of Y-Chromosome Microdeletions; (Yq11.22-23) in Men with Reduced Sperm Quality Requesting Assisted Reproduction; A. Bonhoff, et al. Germ Cell Differentiation and Tumorigenesis: Endocrine Control of Germ Cell Proliferation in the Primate Testis: What Do We Really Know?; G.F. Weinbauer, E. Nieschlag. The Role of the Testicular Accessory Cells: Molecular Pathophysiology of the Pituitary-Gonadal Axis; M. Simoni, et al. Compartmentalization, Vascularization and Angiogenesis: Compartmentalization of the Intertubular Space in the Human Testis; A.F. Holstein, M. Davidoff. Post-Testicular Sperm Maturation: The Role of Apocrine Released Proteins in the Post-Testicular Regulation of Human Sperm Function; G. Aumüller, et al. Control of the Male and Female Tracts: Interactions Between Leukocytes and the Male Reproductive System: The Unanswered Question; A.G. Rossi, R.J. Aitken. Gamete Interaction and Fertilization: The Cell Biology of Fertilization; R.J. Aitken. 45 Additional Articles. Index.

Brain Tryptophan Perturbation in Hepatic Encephalopathy: Implications for Effects by Neuropsychoactive Drugs in Clinical Practice; F. Bengtsson, et al. Hepatic Encephalopathy in Acute Liver Failure: Role of the Glutamate System; A. Michalak, et al. Glutamate and Muscarinic Receptors in the Molecular Mechanisms of Acute Ammonia Toxicity and of Its Prevention; M.D. Miñana, et al. Studies on the Pharmacological Properties of Oxindole (2-Hydroxyindole) and 5-Hydroxyindole: Are They Involved in Hepatic Encephalopathy?; F. Moroni, et al. The Involvement of Ammonia with the Mechanisms That Enhance GABA-ergic Neurotransmission in Hepatic Failure; E.A. Jones, A.S. Basile. Direct Enhancement of GABA-ergic Neurotransmission by Ammonia; J.-H. Ha, et al. The Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor and Neurosteroids in Hepatic Encephalopathy; M.D. Norenberg, et al. Ornithine Aminotransferase as a Therapeutic Target in Hyperammonemias; N. Seiler. Sparse-Fur (spf) Mouse as a Model of Hyperammonemia: Alterations in the Neurotransmitter Systems; I.A. Qureshi, K.V.R. Rao. Abnormal Gene Expression Causing Hyperammonemia in Carnitine-Deficient Juvenile Visceral Steatosis (JVS) Mice; T. Saheki, et al. 7 Additional Articles. Index.

Food Allergy in Atopic Drugs; O.L. Frick. Mechanisms of Allergic Bronchoconstriction in the Rat; J.G. Martin. The Role of Nebulized IFN-gamma in the Modulation of Allergic Responses; G. Lack, E.W. Gelfand. Murine Animal Models to Study the Central Role of T Cells in Immediate-Type Hypersensitivity Responses; U. Herz, et al. Glutathione S-Transferase Induses Murine Dermatitis that Resembles Human Allergic Dermatitis; C-H. Hsu, et al. Effects of rIL-12 Administration on an Antigen Specific Immune Response; J.D. Rempel-Chin, et al. Mapping the Genes for IgE Production and Allergy; D.G. Marsh. Genetic Factors in Asthma; W. Cookson. Regulation of Interleukin-12 Signalling During T Helper Phenotype Development; N.G. Jacobsen, et al. Responsiveness to the Major Pollen Allergen of Parietaria Officinalis is Associated with Defined HLA-DRB1 Alleles in Italian and Spanish Allergic Patients; A. Ruffilli, et al. HLA-DR3 is Associated with the IgE Imune Responsiveness to a Recombinant Allergen from Blomia tropicalis (BT); L. Carabello, et al. Structural and Antigenic Studies of Cockroach Allergens and Their Relevance to Asthma; M.D. Chapman, et al. 55 Additional Articles. Index.

Historical Perspectives. Morphology of Chemoreceptors. Re-Examination of the Carotid body Ultrastructure with Paying Attention to the Intercellular Membrane Apposition; H. Kondo, H. Iwasa. Biochemistry of Chemoreceptor Mechanisms. Developmental Aspects of Chemoreceptors. Mechanisms of Carotid Chemoreceptor Resetting After Birth: in vitro Studies; J.L. Carroll, et al. Biophysics of Ionic Channels in Chemoreceptors. Molecular Biology of Chemoreceptors. Evaluation of Gene Expression in the Rat Carotid Body Using the Differential Display Technique; J. Chen, et al. Generation of Chemosensory Activity. transmitters Involved in Chemoreception: Acetylcholine. Release of Acetylcholine from the in vitro Cat Carotid Body; R.S. Fitzgerald, M. Shirahata. Transmitters Involved in Chemoreception: Catecholamines. Dopamine Efflux from the Carotid Body During Hypoxic Stimulation; P. Zapata, et al. Transmiters Involved in Chemoreception: Adenosine and Peptides. Transmitters Involved in Chemoreception: Carbon Monoxide and Nitric Oxide. Chemoreflex Pathways. Coherence of Chemosensor Discharges in Catas' Carotid Nerves. Cooperative Inputs or Redundant Afferences?; J. Alcayaga, et al. Chemoreceptors in Ventilatory Regulation. Chemoreflex Integration and Effectors. 65 Additional Articles. Index.

Temporal Pattern Analysis: Representations of Temporal Patterns of Signal Amplitude in the Anuran Auditory System and Electrosensory System (G.J. Rose). Mechanisms for Analysis of Auditory Temporal Patterns in the Brainstem of Echolocating Bats (J.H. Casseday, E. Covey). An Oscillatory Correlation Theory of Temporal Pattern Segmentation (D. Wang). Toward Simulated Audition in Open Environments (R.F. Port et al.). Temporal Pattern Generation: Temporal Patterning in a Small Rhythmic Neural Network (S.L. Hopper). The Role of Perception in Timing: Feedback Control in Motor Programming and Task Dynamics (G.P. Bingham). Neural Control of Temporally Organized Behaviors: Handwriting Production and Working Memory (S. Grossberg). Learning and Memory: Specialpurpose Temporal Processing in Hippocampal Fields CA1 and CA3 (R. Granger et al.). Modularity of Sequence Learning in Humans (S.W. Keele, T. Curran). Practical Applications: Classification of Spatiotemporal Patterns with Applications to Recognition of Sonar Sequences (J. Ghosh, L. Deuser). Index.

Neurophysiology of Breathing Control: Neurobiology of Breathing Control: Where to Look and What to Look for; J.L. Feldman New Computational Models of the Respiratory Oscillator in Mammals; J.C. Smith Is the Pattern of Breathing at Rest Chaotic? A Test of the Lyapunov Exponent; R.L. Hughson, et al. Pathophysiology of Breathing Control and Breathing Awake and Asleep: Breathing Patterns under Enflurane, Halothane and Propofol Sedation in Humans B. Nagyova, et al. Possible Genomic Mechanism Involved in Control Systems Responses to Hypoxia; N.S. Cherniack, et al. Asynchronous Thoracoabdominal Movements in Chronic Airflow Obstruction (CAO): Active Expiration during Spontaneous Breathing in Sleep and Wakefulness; M.D. Goldman, et al. Exercise and Pulmonary Ventilation: Exercise Hyperapnea: Chairman's Introduction; J.A. Dempsey Respiratory Compensation as Evidenced by a Declining Arterial and End-tidal PCO2 Is Attenuated during Fast Ramp Exercise Functions; B.W. Scheuermann, J.M. Kowalchuk Chemical Control of Breathing: Respiratory Responses to Hypoxia: Peripheral and Central Effects: Chairman's Introductory Communication; A. Berkenbosch, et al. Hypoxic Ventilatory Depression May Be Due to Central Chemoreceptor Cell Hyperpolarization; J.W. Severinghaus 57 additional articles. Index.

Molecular Mechanisms of Sarcolemar Excitability: Ion Channels and Pumps in Cardiac Function; H.A. Fozzard, G. Lipkind Molecular Mechanisms of K+ Channel Blockade: 4Aminopyridine Interaction with a Cloned Cardiac Transient K+(Kv1.4) Channel; R.L. Rasmusson Integrative Models and Responses in Cardiac Ischemia; S. Horner, M.J. Lab Intracellular Calcium and Muscle Function-SR and Filaments: Sarcomere Function and Crossbridge Cycling; H.E.D.J. ter Keurs Crossbridge Dynamics in Muscle Contraction; A. Landesberg, et al. Mechanisms of the Frank-Starling Phenomena Studies in Intact Hearts; D. Burkhoff, et al. Molecular Manifestations of Cell Adaptation: Metabolic Oscillations in Heart Cells; B. O'Rourke, et al. Regulation of Adenosine Receptors in Cultured Heart Cells; D. ElAni, et al. Ventricular Remodeling in Heart Failure: The Role of Myocardial Collagen; J.S. Janicki, et al. Analysis and Modeling: From Microstructure to Macroperformance: Mechanisms of Endocardial Endothelium Modulation of Myocardial Performance; P. Mohan, et al. Vascular Gene Therapy; M.Y. Flugelman Closure: Toward Modeling the Human Physionome; J.B. Bassingthwaighte 20 additional articles. Index.

Interactions of Neurotransmitters and Endothelial Cells in Determining Vascular Tone; J.T. Shepard Some Recent Advances in Studies on J Receptors; A.S. Paintal Pathophysiology of Bronchial Asthma; J.G. Widdicombe Laryngeal and Upper Airway Influences on Breathing; G. Sant'Ambrogio Regulation of Na+/K+ Pump Expression in Skeletal Muscle; S. Sampson Peripheral Arterial Chemoreceptors; Aortic and Abdominal Glomera; A. Howe Cellular Mechanisms of Modulation of Hypoglossal Motoneuron Activity; A. Berger Cardiac and Pulmonary C Fibers: Their Central Connections C. Kidd Central Nervous Mechanisms Responsible for Cardiorespiratory Homeostasis K.M. Spyer Neuroendocrine Regulation of Vascular Capacitance: F. Karim Lung Microphysiology; J. Bhattacharya Reflex Control of the Circulation in Heart Failure; I. Zucker Physiology of Atrial Receptors; R. Linden Aspects of Coronary Vasomotor Regulation; J. Hoffman Graded Restriction of Blood Flow in Exercising Leg Muscles: A Human Model; H. Bjurstedt Index.