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The symbiosis between particles physics and cosmology has virtually become a conjugal relationship. Hence the 9th biennial Course of the International School of Cosmic-Ray Astrophysics was designed to bridge these formerly disparate disciplines. This NATO Advanced Study Institute took place at the Ettore Majorana Centre in Erice, Italy, June 20-30, 1992. Seventy participants from 17 countries participated in lively interactions and enjoyed the stimulating lectures that form the basis for this volume. The book includes current advances in both astrophysics (cosmic gamma rays, X-rays, cosmic rays) and cosmology (an introduction to inflation in big-bang theory, the age of the universe, nucleosynthesis in the early universe). It is suitable for reading and study by all interested physical scientists, especially those having a limited specialized background in astrophysics and cosmology.

1. Neuroanatomy of dopaminergic system in the human brain.- 2. Radioligands for PET studies of D2-receptors: butyrophenone and ergot derivatives.- 3. Radioligands for dopamine receptor PET studies: benzamides and ligands for dopamine D-1 receptors.- 4. Monoamine precursors in PET research - biochemical issues and functional significance.- 5. Quantitation problems in positron emission tomography (PET) as applied to the kinetic analysis of the striatum dopamine data.- 6. Investigation of the dopamine system with positron emission tomography: general issues in modeling.- 7. Modelisation: application to the D2 receptors.- 8. [18F] Fluorodopa uptake in brain.- 9. Dopamine reuptake sites: the issues.- 10. Movement disorders: the clinical issues.- 11. Non-human primate models of dopamine system disorders: understanding neurodegenerative diseases and testing new therapeutic strategies.- 12. The dopamine system and mental disorders: clinical and psychopharmacological overview.- 13. D2 dopamine receptors and schizophrenia.- 14. The assessment of central D2-dopanvne receptor occupancy with positron emission tomography in long-term medicated schizophrenic patients.- 15. Measurement of dopamine receptor occupancy: clinical issues.

New Perspectives in Advanced Learning Technology.- R&D on Advanced Learning Technologies in the New Framework Programme.- Cognitive and Educational Problems of the New Learning Technologies.- Educational Requirements of Vocational Training Using Expert Systems.- The Learner's View of Hypermedia.- Deep-Knowledge Acquisition for Learner Modelling in Second Language Learning.- Communications-Centred Multi-Media Learning Systems.- A Functional Architecture for Intelligent Simulation Learning Environments.- An Overview of Key Issues to the Development of a "Learning Services based on Technology" European Market.- The Integration of Advanced Learning Technologies in Corporate Training Activities.- Pro-DELTA Portuguese Research on Delta.- The Influence of Public Policies on the Structure, Conduct and Performance of the Advanced Learning Technology Market.- Flexible Distance Learning; Barriers to Growth.- Computer-Based Training Producers: A Market for Delta R&D Products.- Educational Technologies for SME's; Problems & Ways towards solutions.- State of the art in the application of telecommunications to learning.- Eurostep: An Experiment of Crucial Importance for the Developement of Distance Education by Satellite in Europe.- Flexible Distance Learning Education for Doctors - The SATDOC Project.- Communications Infrastructure for Interactiv Video Using DBS and ISDN.- An 'Intelligent' Database System of Audio-Visual Material.- XTEC Online In-Service Teacher Training Project.- Multimedia Interactive applications & ISDN for Distant Learning.- Telecommunication in Distance Education: User-Demands and Technological Possibilities.- Learner Places for European Learning - the LAT Approach to Deriving Functions.- Information Retrieval and Interactive Learning in a Broadband Information System.- EPOS: Telecommunication in Computer-Delivered Training and Education.- Telecommunication Aspects of OLE.- Video Conferencing in a Learning Context.- Tools for Building Learner Models.- The ECAL Teaching Engine: Pragmatic AI for Education.- Artificial Intelligence: The Key to Open Learning.- Experiments on Knowledge Acquisition for Learner Modelling.- NOBILE: An Object-Based User Model Acquisition Shell.- Student Modelling Toolkits.- An Adaptive Environment for Open Learning in DELTA.- Generation and Maintenance of Computational Viewpoints in Student Models.- Belief-Based Bounded User Modelling.- Connectionist Models for Dialogue Systems.- Connectionist Models for the Simulation of Student Mistakes in Learning a Foreign Language.- Hypermedia: How Will The Author Cope?.- The I.C.A.T. Project (ILVA Computer Aided Training).- An Object-Oriented Data Model for Hypermedia Systems.- Multilingual Aspects of a Multimedia Database of Learning Materials.- Perpetuating the Myth.- Next Generation Authoring Systems: Integration of Multiple Methodologies and Tools.- On the Concept of Reusability in Educational Design.- A Framework for Authoring Tool Integration.- The Relationship between PETE and PCTE.- Multi-Strategy Authoring Toolkit for Intelligent Courseware: Better Courses for Less.- Generic Tool for Courseware Authoring.- The CAMCE Project: An Environment for Cooperative and Distributed Authoring.- The DEEP Methodology for Authoring.- Authoring for Intelligent Simulation Based Instruction: A Model Based Approach.- Authoring for Intelligent Tutoring Systems.- Intelligent Multimedia Authoring: Advancing Towards Users in a European Context.- A Courseware Production Model which Integrates the Results of the Development Systems.- Transferring Knowledge in a Cross-Cultural Perspective.- Sociological Questions in Open Learning Standards and the Learner Environment.- Video Conference: Intercultural Learning in the Virtual Classroom.- Issues in Instructional Design for CAL: Problems and Possible Solutions.- Delta and the Back of Beyond.- European School Project: On Cultural Conversations.

Session 1: Fracture of Ceramics with Process Zone.- Fracture Properties of SiC-Based Particulate Composites.- Crack Bridging Processes in Toughened Ceramics.- Fracture Process Zone in Concrete and Ceramics - A Matter of Scaling.- Report on Session 1: Fracture of Ceramics with Process Zone.- Session 2: Fracture in Concrete and Rock.- Microcracking and Damage in Concrete.- Cracking, Damage and Fracture in Stressed Rock: A Holistic Approach.- Test Methods for Determining Mode I Fracture Toughness of Concrete.- Report on Session 2: Fracture in Concrete and Rock.- Session 3: Theoretical Fracture Mechanics Considerations.- Rate Effect, Size Effect and Nonlocal Concepts for Fracture of Concrete and Other Quasi-Brittle Materials.- Micromechanics of Deformation in Rocks.- Asymptotic Analysis of Cohesive Cracks and its Relation with Effective Elastic Cracks.- Reporter's Summary: Session 3, Theoretical Fracture Mechanics Considerations.- Session 4: Experimental Observations.- Microstructure, Toughness Curves and Mechanical Properties of Alumina Ceramics.- Creep Damage Mechanisms in Hot-Pressed Alumina.- Study of the Fracture Process in Mortar with Laser Holographic Measurements.- Reporter's Comments on Session 4 - Experimental Observations.- Session 5: Experimental Methods to Assess Damage.- The Fracture Process Zone in Concrete.- Characterization of the Fracture Behavior of Ceramics Through Analysis of Crack Propagation Studies.- A Review of Experimental Methods to Assess Damage During Fracture of Rock, Concrete and Reinforced Composites.- Similarities Between Fracture Processes in Concrete, Rock and Ceramics: Recorders Report to Session 5 'Experimental Methods to Assess Damage.- Session 6: Theoretical Micromechanics Based Models.- A Review of Some Theories of Toughening Mechanisms in Quasi-Brittle Materials.- On the Form of Micromechanical Models of the Brittle Deformation of Solids.- On the Relationship Between Fracturing of A Microcracking Solid and its Effective Elastic Constants.- Report of Session 6: Theoretical Micromechanics Based Models.- Session 7: Fracture Process in Fiber Reinforced Ceramics.- Determination of Fiber-Matrix Interfacial Properties of Importance to Ceramic Composite Toughening.- Quasi-Ductile Behaviour of Carbon-Reinforced Carbon.- The Fracture Resistance and Brittle Matrix Composites.- Session 7 Discussion.- Session 8: Fracture Toughness of Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composites.- Research Challenges in Toughness Development of Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites.- Failure Characterisation of Fibre-Reinforced Cement Composites with R-Curve Characteristics.- Characterization of Interfacial Bond in FRC Materials.- Summary of Session 8: Fracture Toughness of Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composites.- Session 9: Strain Rate, Thermal, Time and Fatigue Effects.- Growth of Discrete Cracks in Concrete under Fatigue Loading.- Creep and Creep Rupture of Structural Ceramics.- Fracture of Concrete at High Strain-Rate.- Summary of Session 9: Strain Rate, Thermal, Time, and Fatigue Effects.- Author Index.

One: Registration, Toxicity and Quality Control.- 1. Toxicity testing of rDNA products.- 2. Experiences with the EC "high tech" procedure.- 3. The regulation of pharmaceuticals: philosophy and principles.- 4. Quality control of vaccines.- 5. Regulatory affairs and biotechnology in Europe: the CPMP "high tech" and multistate procedures.- 6. Formulating biotechnology products.- 7. Development of analytical methods for monitoring the stability of antibody formation by hybridoma cells in continuous culture systems.- Two: Monoclonal Antibodies.- 8. Toward human monoclonal antibodies.- 9. Biodistribution, binding and internalisation of monoclonal antibodies to human ovarian carcinoma cells.- 10. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of Indium-111-labeled OV-TL 3 F(ab')2 in ovarian cancer patients.- 11. Characterization of human monoclonal antibodies specific for the rabies virus.- 12. Biochemical and immunological evaluation of an anti-fibrin monoclonal antibody complex containing T2Gls Fab' intended for imaging venous thrombi.- 13. Monoclonal antibodies in radioimmunoscintigraphy. Some hurdles between clone and clinic.- 14. Clinical relevance of the tumor marker CA 15.3 in the management of cancer patients.- 15. Practical applications of monoclonal antibodies against polymorphic epithelial mucin in the differential diagnosis of human tumors.- 16. Selection of monoclonal anti-digoxin antibodies suitable for monitoring of cardiac glycosides.- 17. Diagnostic use of anti-modified nucleoside monoclonal antibodies.- 18. Monoclonal antibodies radiolabeled with different radioisotopes for biodistribution and radioimmunodetection of tumor xenografts in the nude rat.- 19. Bispecific monoclonal antibody (BIAB)-retargeted cellular therapy for local treatment of cancer patients.- 20. Enhanced binding of t-PA to fibrin using bispecific monoclonal antibodies.- 21. Recent developments and perspectives on the future of human and murine monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.- 22. Pharmacokinetics and safety of a human IGM antibody, HA-1A.- 23. Development and clinical experience with humanised monoclonal antibodies.- 24. A method for the transformation of hybridoma cell lines with improved efficiency: its use in the production of bispecific monoclonal antibodies.- 25. To an optimal design of an airlift bioreactor for the cultivation of hybridomas.- Three: Marketed Products.- 26. Experience with marketed biotech products: rt-PA.- 27. Clinical trial of recombinant human IL-2 in the treatment of Mycobacterium Avium complex infection.- 28. Use of recombinant human erythropoietin in anemic dialysis patients.- 29. Experience with biosynthetic growth hormone.- Four: New Products.- 30. Recombinant follicle stimulating hormone. I. Construction, selection and characterization of a cell line.- 31. Recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone. II. Biochemical and biological characteristics.- 32. Heterologous expression of human Interleukin-3.- 33. Purification of recombinant human Interleukin-3 from Bacillus Licheniformis.- 34. The acid- and thermolabile interferon alpha: a subtype, or a new cell inhibitor?.- 35. The IFN? receptor as tool for the discovery of new immunomodulatory drugs.- 36. Cloned receptors and transfected cell lines in the design of new drugs: muscarinic cholinergic receptors.- Five: Drug Delivery.- 37. Structural analysis of carbohydrate chains of native and recombinant-DNA glycoproteins.- 38. The role of protein structure in surface tension kinetics.- 39. Antigen carriers: a success determining factor for subunit vaccines?.- 40. Intranasal delivery of insulin: absorption enhancement by the fusidate derivative STDHF in rabbits and rats and effects on human nasal ciliary movement in vitro.- 41. Improved oral peptide delivery by means of mucoadhesion.- 42. Delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins.- 43. Compatibility studies of a soluble T4 receptor with a microinfusion pump for continuous intravenous thera...

I. Additives Which Modify Physical Properties.- 1 Plasticizers.- 1.1 Thermodynamic Basis of Macromolecular Mixtures.- 1.1.1 Solubility of Polymers in Solvents.- 1.1.2 Flory-Huggins Interaction Parameter.- 1.1.3 Solubility Parameter.- 1.1.4 Phase Separation Phenomena.- 1.2 Reversible Gelation.- 1.3 Theory of Plasticization.- 1.3.1 Effect of Plasticizers on Thermal Mechanical Deformation of Rigid Polymeric Chains.- 1.3.2 Effect of Plasticizers on Tb and Tg Values.- 1.3.3 The Free Volume in Amorphous Polymers.- 1.3.4 Primary and Secondary Plasticizers.- 1.4. Classification of Plasticizers.- 1.4.1 Polar Aromatic and Polar Aliphatic Plasticizers.- 1.4.2 Characteristics of Plasticizers According to Their Chemical Structure.- 1.5. Plasticizer Anomalies and Antiplasticization.- 1.6. Loss of Plasticizers.- References.- 2 Lubricants and Mold-Release Agents.- 2.1 Lubricants.- 2.1.1 Principles of Their Action.- 2.1.2 Classification of PVC Lubricants According to Their Specific Action.- 2.1.3 Classification of PVC Lubricants According to Their Chemical Structure.- 2.1.4 Lubricants for Polyolefins.- 2.1.5 Basic Properties Necessary for Lubricants.- 2.2 Mold-Release Agents.- 2.2.1 Principles of Action.- 2.2.2 Some Examples of Mold-Release Agents.- References.- 3 Macromolecular Modifiers.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Homogenization of Polymer-Polymer Systems.- 3.3 Two-Phase Microheterogeneous Polymer-Polymer Systems.- 3.3.1 Effect of Glassy Polymer Matrix Phase on Impact Strength.- 3.3.2 Effect of Rubbery Phase Dispersed in Glassy Matrix on Impact Strength.- 3.3.3 Theory on Toughness of Microheterogeneous Two-Phase Polymer-Polymer Blends.- 3.4 Impact Modifiers for Glassy Polymers.- 3.4.1 Chlorinated Polyethylene (CPE).- 3.4.2 Ethylene-(Vinyl Acetate) Copolymers (EVA).- 3.4.3 Acrylic and Methacrylic Elastomers and MBS and ABS Terpolymers.- 3.4.4 Rubbers.- 3.5 Macromolecular Modifiers Used as Polymer Processing Aids.- References.- 4 Reinforcing Fillers, Reinforcing Agents, and Coupling Agents.- 4.1 Fillers.- 4.1.1 General Characteristics of Fillers and Composites.- 4.1.2 Fillers for Thermosetting Resins.- 4.1.3 Fillers for Plastomers.- 4.1.3.1 Polymer Reinforcement Factors.- 4.1.3.2 Classification of Fillers for Plastomers According to Their Reinforcement Activity.- 4.2 Reinforcing Agents for Laminates.- 4.2.1 Effect of Fillers or Reinforcing Agents on Basic Physical Properties of Composites.- 4.3 The Different Types of Fillers and Reinforcing Agents.- 4.3.1 Glass Fillers and Reinforcing Agents.- 4.3.1.1 Glass Fibers.- 4.3.1.2 Glass Microspheres.- 4.3.1.3 Glass Flakes.- 4.3.2 Fillers and Reinforcing Agents Made of Other Materials.- 4.3.2.1 Fibrous and Flaky Fillers and Fibrous Reinforcing Agents.- 4.3.2.2 Whiskers, Microfibers, and Powdered Fillers.- 4.3.3 Effect of Content and Size of Fillers on Composite Properties.- 4.4 Coupling Agents.- 4.4.1 Silane Coupling Agents.- 4.4.1.1 Action Mechanism.- 4.4.2 Organotitanate Coupling Agents.- 4.4.2.1 Action Mechanism.- 4.4.3 Other Types of Coupling Agents.- 4.4.4 Application Modes for Coupling Agents.- 4.4.5 Recommendations on the Use of Fillers and Filling Methods.- References.- 5 Colorants and Brightening Agents.- 5.1 Colorants.- 5.1.1 Inorganic Pigments.- 5.1.2 Organic Pigments.- 5.1.3 Criteria for Selection of Pigments.- 5.2 Brightening Agents.- 5.3 Methods Used for the Coloration of Plastics.- 5.3.1 Some Examples of Methods Used for the Coloration of Most Important Plastics.- References.- 6 Chemical and Physical Blowing Agents.- 6.1 Chemical Blowing Agents.- 6.1.1 Inorganic Agents.- 6.1.2 Organic Agents.- 6.1.2.1 Characteristics.- 6.1.3 Factors Acting on Blowing.- 6.2 Physical Blowing Agents.- References.- 7 Antistatic Agents.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Efficiency and Mechanism of Antistatic Agent Action.- 7.3 The Use of Antistatic Agents.- 7.3.1 Antistatic Agents Containing Nitrogen.- 7.3.2 Antistatic Agents Containing Phosphorus.- 7.3.3 Antistatic Agents Containing Sulfur.- 7.3.4 Betaine-Type Antist...

Presentations on the International Conference on Technology for the Global Economic, Environmental Survival and Prosperity; R.A. Krakowski, J.G. Martin. Global Energy Demand and Energy Security Projections in the Coming Century: Global Economy, Environment, Resources, and Population Issues: The Realities of Sustainable Development in the Twenty-First Century; W. Martin. The Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Other Features of Nuclear Power, Reaching a Public Consensus; R. Wilson. Relevance of International Consensus Policies on Alternative National Energy Strategies as Related to the Regional Needs, Environmental Impact, and Geopolitical Trends: Energy Technology Progress for Sustainable Development; D.E. Arvizu, T.E. Drennen. Education on Energy and Global Issues: The Importance of Education for Nuclear Energy; G. Clark. Global Initiatives for the Future of Nuclear Energy: The Los Alamos National Laboratory Nuclear Vision Project; E.D. Arthur, R.L. Wagner, Jr. Nuclear Technologies: Boron Neutron Capture Therapy of Malignant Brain Tumors at the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor; D.D. Joel et al. Key Issues in Nuclear Power: A World Commission on Nuclear Energy: Reasons and Purpose; P. Beck. 12 Additional Articles. Index.

Centrifugal Materials Processing; L.L. Regel, W.R. Wilcox. Convection in Crystal Growth under High Gravity on a Centrifuge; J. Friedrich, G. Müller. Segregation in Crystal Growth under High Gravity on a Centrifuge: A Comparison between Experimental and Theoretical Results; J. Friedrich, G. Müller. Analysis of Thermal Convection in Molten Tin Under Centrifugal Conditions; L. Bergelin, A. Chevy. Thermal Stability During Centrifugation: Flow Visualization Experiment; Numerical Results; W.A. Arnold, L.L. Regel. Flow Visualization Study of Convection in a Centrifuge; P.V. Skudarnov, et al. Determination of Solid/Melt Interface Shape and Growth Rate During Gradient Freeze Solidification on a Centrifuge Using Current Interface Demarcation; I. Moskowitz, et al. In Situ Observation of Directional Solidification in High Gravity; Y. Inatomi, et al. Impurity Distribution and Superconducting Properties of PbTe: T1 Crystals Grown in a Centrifuge; R. Parfeniev, et al. A Low Cost Centrifuge for Materials Processing in High Gravity; Y.A. Chen, et al. 20 Additional Articles. Index.

Nonlinear Optics and Collective Excitations; N. Bloembergen. Fundamentals of Spectroscopy of Collective Excitations in Solids; B. Di Bartolo. Light-Matter Interaction: Experimental Aspects; C. Klingshirn. Theoretical Description of Collective Excitations: Bloch Equations and Relaxation Mechanisms; R. Zimmerman. Linear and Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy: Spectral, Temporal and Spatial Resolution; J.M. Hvam. The Study of Collective Excitations in Solids by Inelastic Neutron Scattering: T. Riste. Excitation Dynamics in Organic Molecules, Solids, Fullerenes, and Polymers; P. Prasad. The IR Vibrational Properties of Composite Solids and Particles: The Lyddane-Sachs-Teller Relation Revisited; A.J. Sievers. Intrinsic Localized Modes in Anharmonic Lattices; A.J. Sievers, et al. Plasmons and Surface Plasmons in Bulk Metals, Metallic Clusters, and Metallic Heterostructures; R.V. Baltz. Enlightenment of Luminescent Materials; C.R. Ronda. Spectroscopy and Development of Solid Sate Layers at NASA; N.P. Barnes. Optical Excitation and Relaxation of Solids with Defects; B. Baldacchini. Newly Developed Solid State Lasers; R. Reisfeld. Energy Transfer and Migration of Excitation in Solids and Confined Structures; F. Auzel. 45 Additional Articles. Index.

Characterization and Phase Stability: Theory and Computational Methods: Energetics of Alloys; J.S. Faulkner, et al. Crystal Structure and Phase Stability in Fe1xCox from Ab Initio Theory; P. Söderlind, et al. Spectroscopy and Characterization: NMR Spectroscopic Investigations of Surface and Interlayer Species on Minerals, Clays, and Other Oxides; R.J. Kirkpatrick, et al. Sonochemical Synthesis of Amorphous Bimetallic FeNi Alloys; K.V.P.M. Shafi, et al. Experimental Determination and Assessment of Phase Diagrams: Polymeric Alloys: Model Materials for the Understanding of the Statistical Thermodynamics of Mixtures; K. Binder, et al. Investigation of Ordering Kinetics in Deformed and Annealed Cu3Au; H. Land, W. Pfeiler. Electronic Structure and Transport: Theory and Computational Methods: Improved LMTOASA Methods Part II: Total Energy; R.W. Tank, et al. Effects of Interface Intermixing on the Magnetic Interlayer Coupling; A.M.N. Niklasson, et al. Electrical Conductivity: Experiment and Theory: Electrical Conductivity of Inhomogeneous Systems: Application to Magnetic Multilayers and Giant Magnetoresistance; W.H. Butler, et al. Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Liquid Alloys: Network Formation, Structure Factors and Electrical Conductivity of NaSn Alloy; R. Kaschner, et al. Electronic Topological Transitions: Characterization and Phase Stability of Bulk Amorphous Alloys; R.B. Schwarz. Electronic Topological Transitions and Compositional Order in CuPd and CuPt Alloys; E. Bruno, B. Ginatempo. Mechanical Properties: Micromechanics and MicrostructuralCharacterization: Nucleation and Morphology of Growth Processes: Structure and Deformation of Al-Rich TiAl Single Crystals; H. Inui, M. Yamaguchi. Experimental Studies on Precursor Phenomena in Displacive Phase Transformations; D. Schryvers. Theory and Computational Methods: Calculating Grain Boundary Energies and Other Defect Energies in Ordered Alloys; W. Finnis. Atomistic Study of Structure and Mobility of Dislocations in NiAl; R. Schroll, et al. Superplasticity: Texture and Structure of Superplastically Deformed AlZn Based Alloys; R. Ciach, et al. Effect of Liquid Phase on Superplasticity at High Strain Rates in Metals and Their Composites; T.G. Nieh, J. Wadsworth. Multiple Scattering Theory and Applications: A KKR and KKRCPA Code for Any Bravais Lattice; E. Bruno, B. Ginatempo. Full Multiple Scattering Calculation on HgTe Under High Pressure at the Mercury L3 X-Ray Absorption Edge; V. Briois, et al. 40 additional articles. Index.

Introduction; E. Beltrametti, J.M. LévyLeblond. General Reviews: Experiments with Single Atoms in Cavities and Traps; H. Walther. Experiments with Single Atoms, Molecules, or Photons; S. Haroche. Quantum Effects with Ultracold Atoms; Y. Castin, et al. Transfer of Single Electrons and Single Cooper Pairs in Metallic Nanostructures; M.H. Devoret, et al. Interferometry with Particles of Nonzero Rest Mass: Topological Experiments; G.L. Opat. Achievements in Neutron Interferometry; H. Rauch. Electron Interferometry and Holography; A. Tonomura. Quantum Phenomena and Their Applications in Semiconductor Microstructures; F. Capasso. Specific Topics: Quantum Fluctuations and Superconductivity; R. Fazio, A. Tagliacozzo. Spontaneous Localization and Superconductivity; A. Rimini. Photon-Photon Correlations from Single Atoms; M.O. Scully. Einstein Causality in Interatom Microcavity-confined Transverse Quantum Correlations; F. De Martini, M. Giangrasso. Three Comments on the Aharonov-Bohm Effect; M. Berry. Protective Measurements; Y. Aharonov, L. Vaidman. Weak Measurements; L. Vaidman. 8 additional articles. Index.

Industrial: Industrial Protein Xray Crystallography: An Overview (J.D. Oliver) Recent Advances in the Use of Synchrotron Radiation for Protein Crystallography (R. Sweet). The Crystal Structures of Some New Forms of Aluminum Fluoride as Determined from Their Synchrotron Powder Diffraction Patterns (R.L. Harlow et al.). Synchrotron Radiationbased Research at the Dow Chemical Company (R.A. Bubeck et al.). Chemical: The Chemical Dynamics Beamline at the Advanced Light Source (A.G. Suits et al.). High Resolution Photoionization and Excitation Using Third Generation Radiation Sources (N. Berrah et al.). Recent Advances toward a Structural Model for the Photosynthetic Oxygenevolving Manganes Cluster (M.J. Latimer et al.). Cesium XAFS Studies of Solution Phase Csionophore Complexation (K.M. Kemner et al.). Materials Science: Studies of Magnetic Material with Circular Polarized Soft Xrays (V. Chakarian et al.). Resonant Photoemission in Polymers (J. Kikuma et al.). Characterization of the Complexation of Uranyl Ions with Humic Acids by Xray Absorption Spectroscopy (T. Reich et al.). Spectroscopic Studies of Lanthanide Coordination in Crystalline and Amorphous Phosphates (L.R. Morss et al.). 5 additional articles. Index.

Decaying Two-dimensional Turbulence; W.R. Young. Experiments in 1D Turbulence; F. Daviaud. Experiments on 2D Turbulence; (Laboratory) P. Tabeling. Experiments on Spatiotemporal Chaos in Two Dimensions J.P. Gollub. Extended Self Similarity; S. Ciliberto. Hot Wire Anemometry: An Overview in Turbulence Research-Present and Future; A. Tsinober. Intermittency (Random Cascade Models, Multifractality and Large Deviations); U.Frisch. Numerical Simulations (Direct); M.E. Brachet. Numerical Simulations of Twodimensional Flows; (Turbulence and Vortices); B. Legras. Optical Turbulence; A.C. Newell, V.E. Zakharov. Phase Turbulence; H. Chaté, P. Manneville. Predictability in Turbulence; G. Paladin, et al. Probability Density Functions in 3D Turbulence; B. Castaing. Rayleigh-Bénard Turbulent Convection; A. Tilgner, et al. Scaling in Hydrodynamics; L.P. Kadanoff. Spatiotemporal Intermittency; H. Chaté, P. Manneville. Vorticity Filaments; Y. Couder, et al. 6 additional articles. Index.