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This book investigates the endogenous forces in the relation of ¿One Belt and One Road¿ and educational development in China. The conceptual framework of analyzing the relations offers an in-depth understanding of the vocational education, higher education system, and basic education system, locally, nationally, and internationally. The current situations, problems, and strategies of addressing the relation of ¿One Belt and One Road¿ and educational development in China have been explored in this book.

This book explores the experiences and emotional expression of 30 people Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) using qualitative research methods such as ¿illness narratives,¿ and analyzes the dilemmas of ¿sicknesses of the society¿ including ¿Acquired Needs Deficiency¿ Syndrome, ¿Acquired Expectation Insufficiency¿ Syndrome, and ¿Acquired Punishment¿ Syndrome at the micro, meso and macro levels, so as to investigate higher-intensity negative emotions.In turn, the book draws on the perspectives of conflict and game, structure and function, and system and interaction, in order to propose a dynamic mechanism of emotion and expression, and argues that these negative emotions can be transformed, strengthened and presented through defense mechanisms such as suppression and attribution, which will influence social institutions at the micro, meso and macro levels and even possibly bring about positive changes in the social structure.

This book is open access and illustrates the spatial distribution of the global change risk of population and economic systems with the maps of environment, global climate change, global population and economic systems, and global change risk. The risks of global change are mapped at 0.25 degree grid unit. The risk results and their contribution rates of the world at national level are unprecedentedly derived and ranked. The book can be a good reference for researchers and students in the field of global climate change and natural disaster risk management, as well as risk managers and enterpriser to understand the global change risk of population and economic systems.

This book presents a systematic summary of a series of achievements of blast injury studies in China and the latest progress in blast injury treatment including injuries caused by various explosion accidents (such as coal mine gas explosion, and chemical explosion) and terrorist bombing around the world over the past three decades. The book not only covers comprehensive introductions to the knowledge and injury theories about explosive shock waves, but also expounds the prevention and treatment of various explosion shock injuries and their complications with generalized summaries.This book not only contains a diverse range of content, but also immense practicality. It elaborates on the causes of various types of explosion and impact injuries, as well as protection and treatment measures, serving not only as an important basis and technical support for military health service support in modern warfare, but is also extremely important in providing practical value in peacetime disaster prevention, mitigation and relief for patients.

Nanocarbon chemistry and physics is a fast-developing, broad research area ¿ the Nobel prizes in 1996 and 2010 awarded to two key discoveries in the field, and several other nanocarbon achievements of comparable importance. Owing to this rapid growth, the nanocarbon landscape fundamentally changes every few years, creating a need to survey the field on a regular basis to update the books that have become incomplete or even obsolete. As such, this book focuses on fullerenes and metallofullerenes and also on the related areas of nanotubes and graphenes. All the covered research topics provide important fundamental knowledge for the natural sciences, but also for applications in molecular electronics, superconductivity, catalysis, photovoltaics and medical diagnostics. The current nanocarbon research activities have particularly high application potential in the conversion of solar energy, future molecular memories, non-conventional materials for optoelectronics,and new treatments for civilization diseases. Offering a truly up-to-date critical survey of nanocarbon science, its concepts and highlights, it follows the concept of a handbook: it addresses key topics systematically, from historical background, methodological aspects, current important issues, and application potential, all supplied with extensive referencing. With individual chapters written by leading experts with extensive research experience, it is a comprehensive reference resource for graduate students and active researchers alike.

This volume provides a consolidated reference for the applications of frequency selective surfaces (FSS) technology in different sectors such as wireless communications, smart buildings, microwave and medical industries. It covers all aspects of metamaterial FSS technology starting from theoretical simulation, fabrication and measurement all the way to actual hardware implementation. Also included are in-depth discussions on the design methodologies of metamaterial FSS structures and their practical implementation in devices and components. It will be of interest to researchers and engineers working on developing metamaterial-FSS technology.

There were many who joked when we took over Advances in Microbial Ecology at Volume 13; perhaps they should have reserved their expressions of superstition for Volume 14. As an example of British understatement, I think it would be fair to say that we have had a little bad luck. Never have I known a volume so bedeviled with misfortune, but we have been similarly fortunate in the patience exhibited by our authors, particularly those who were "first in line" with their chapters. It would be inappropriate to burden the reader with the catalogue of accidents and illnesses; suffice it to say that considerable experience has been gained in contingency planning. We feel particularly delighted that the final product is a balanced volume, maintaining the tradition of Advances in Microbial Ecology in providing something for everyone. The chapters range from the strategies of growth to the role of microbes in maintaining sustainable agriculture, the significance of a single biochemical process to the complexities of coping with a wide range of substrates.

The International Committee on Microbial Ecology (ICOME) sponsors both the Interna- tional Symposium on Microbial Ecology, held in various parts of the world at three-year intervals, and the publication of Advances in Microbial Ecology. Advances was estab- lished to provide a vehicle for in-depth, critical, and even provocative reviews in microbial ecology and is now recognized as a major source of information for both practicing and prospective microbial ecologists. The Editorial Board of Advances nor- mally solicits contributions from established workers in particular areas of microbial ecology, but individuals are encouraged to submit outlines of unsolicited contributions to any member of the Editorial Board for consideration for pUblication in Advances. Chapters in Volume 11 of Advances in Microbial Ecology include those on micro- bial transformations of chitin by G. W. Gooday, organic sulfur compounds by D. P. Kelly and N. A. Smith, and phosphorus, including its removal in waste water treatment plants, by D. F. Toerien, A. Gerber, L. H. Lotter, and T. E. Cloete. The importance of diffusion processes in microbial ecology is discussed by A. L. Koch, and 1. I. Prosser reviews the application of mathematical modeling to nitrification processes. Considera- tions of particular ecosystems include the Antarctic by D. D. Wynn-Williams and Australian coastal microbial mats by G. W. Skyring and 1. Bauld. Other chapters include the regulation of N2 fixation by H. W.

ill recent years, it has become clearly recognized that many behavioural disturb- ances and psychiatric illnesses are intimately associated with alterations in neuroendocrine function. This volume is designed to provide a thorough, up-to- date review of our current knowledge of the neuroendocrine correlates of altered behaviour in man and experimental animals. Particular emphasis has been focused on the mechanisms which may underlie the coupling of mental functions with endocrine changes and the possible common links in the central regulation of both endocrine and psychic activities. One of the main objectives of this book is to consider both the experimental and clinical approaches in studying the interrelationship between neuroendocrine regulation and altered behaviour, and to assess its importance in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. The book has been organized into four major sections which focus on: (i) the role of pituitary hormones in the regulation of CNS function; (ii) the relationship between brain endorphin systems, psychotropic drugs and neuroendocrine regulation; (iii) the importance of neuroendocrine regulation in the pathogenesis of mental disorders; and (iv) biological markers of altered mental function. Each chapter is organized for ease of comprehension as well as for rapid retrieval of progress and essential information concerning the neuroendocrine basis of altered behaviour and psychiatric illnesses. The contributing authors were selected because of their widely recognized expertise in the field.

Mathematics is vigorously and brilliantly pursued in our time on a very broad front; yet the authors of this text feel that not enough mathematical talent is devoted to furthering the interaction of mathematics with other sciences and disciplines. This imbalance is harmful to both mathematics and its users; to redress this imbalance is an educational task which must start at the beginning of the college curriculum. No course is more suited for this than the calculus; there students can learn at first hand that mathe- matics is the language in which scientific ideas can be precisely formulated, that science is a source of mathematical ideas which profoundly shape the development of mathematics, and last but not least that mathematics can furnish brilliant answers to important scientific problems. Our purpose in writing this text has been to emphasize this relation of calculus to science. We hope to accomplish this by devoting whole connected chapters to single-or several related-scientific topics, letting the reader observe how the notions of calculus are used to formulate the basic laws of science and how the methods of calculus are used to deduce consequences of those basic laws. Thus the student sees calculus at work on worthwhile tasks.

Twenty years is a long time in the life of a science. While the historical roots of psychology have not changed since the first edition of this book, some of the offshoots of the various theories and systems discussed have been crit- ically reexamined and have undergone far-reaching modifications. New and bold research has led to a broadening of perspectives, and recent devel- opments in several areas required a considerable amount of rewriting. I have been fortunate in the last fifteen years to have worked with about 2,000 psychologists and other behavioral scientists who contributed to several collected volumes I have edited. As the editor-in-chief of the In- ternational Encyclopedia of Psychiatry, Psychology, Psychoanalysis and Neurol- ogy, I have had the privilege of reading, scrutinizing, and editing the work of 1,500 experts in psychology and related disciplines. In addition, I have written several books and monographs and over one hundred scientific papers. Armed with all that experience, I have carefully examined the pages of the first edition. Chapter 8 required substantial rewriting and several new sections have been added to other chapters: "Current Soviet Psychol- ogy" (Chapter 2, Section 7); "New Ideas on Purposivism" (Chapter 5, Sec- tion 4); "Recent Developments in the Sociological School of Psychoanalysis" (Chapter 9, Section 4); and "Present Status of Gestalt Psychology" (Chapter 12, Section 4). Chapter 15 was omitted, and two new chapters were added: Chapter 14 ("Humanistic Psychology") and Chapter 16 ("Selected Research Areas").

This book is intended as a first rigorous course in geometry. As the title indicates, we have adopted Birkhoff's metric approach (i.e., through use of real numbers) rather than Hilbert's synthetic approach to the subject. Throughout the text we illustrate the various axioms, definitions, and theorems with models ranging from the familiar Cartesian plane to the Poincare upper half plane, the Taxicab plane, and the Moulton plane. We hope that through an intimate acquaintance with examples (and a model is just an example), the reader will obtain a real feeling and intuition for non- Euclidean (and in particular, hyperbolic) geometry. From a pedagogical viewpoint this approach has the advantage of reducing the reader's tendency to reason from a picture. In addition, our students have found the strange new world of the non-Euclidean geometries both interesting and exciting. Our basic approach is to introduce and develop the various axioms slowly, and then, in a departure from other texts, illustrate major definitions and axioms with two or three models. This has the twin advantages of showing the richness of the concept being discussed and of enabling the reader to picture the idea more clearly. Furthermore, encountering models which do not satisfy the axiom being introduced or the hypothesis of the theorem being proved often sheds more light on the relevant concept than a myriad of cases which do.

This book is based on a course I have taught at Cornell University since 1965. The primary topic of this course was queueing theory, but related topics such as inventories, insurance risk, and dams were also included. As a text I used my earlier book, Queues and Inventories (John Wiley, New York, 1965). Over the years the emphasis in this course shifted from detailed analysis of probability models to the study of stochastic processes that arise from them, and the subtitle of the text, "A Study of Their Basic Stochastic Processes," became a more appropriate description of the course. My own research into the fluctuation theory for U: vy processes provided a new perspective on the topics discussed, and enabled me to reorganize the material. The lecture notes used for the course went through several versions, and the final version became this book. A detailed description of my approach will be found in the Introduction. I have not attempted to give credit to authors of individual results. Readers interested in the historical literature should consult the Selected Bibliography given at the end of the Introduction. The original work in this area is presented here with simpler proofs that make full use of the special features of the underlying stochastic processes. The same approach makes it possible to provide several new results. Thanks are due to Kathy King for her excellent typing of the manuscript.

Springer Advanced Texts in Chemistry New textbooks at all levels of chemistry appear with great regularity. Some fields like basic biochemistry, organic reaction mechanisms, and chemical ther- modynamics are well represented by many excellent texts, and new or revised editions are published sufficiently often to keep up with progress in research. However, some areas of chemistry, especially many of those taught at the graduate level, suffer from a real lack of up-to-date textbooks. The most serious needs occur in fields that are rapidly changing. Textbooks in these subjects usually have to be written by scientists actually involved in the research which is advancing the field. It is not often easy to persuade such individuals to set time aside to help spread the knowledge they have accumulated. Our goal, in this series, is to pinpoint areas of chemistry where recent progress has outpaced what is covered in any available textbooks, and then seek out and persuade experts in these fields to produce relatively concise but instructive introductions to their fields. These should serve the needs of one semester or one quarter graduate courses in chemistry and biochemistry. In some cases the availability of texts in active research areas should help stimulate the creation of new courses. New York, New York CHARLES R.

Volume II.- 10 Measures and Iwasawa Power Series.- 1. Iwasawa Invariants for Measures.- 2. Application to the Bernoulli Distributions.- 3. Class Numbers as Products of Bernoulli Numbers.- Appendix by L. Washington: Probabilities.- 4. Divisibility by l Prime to p: Washington's Theorem.- 11 The Ferrero-Washington Theorems.- 1. Basic Lemma and Applications.- 2. Equidistribution and Normal Families.- 3. An Approximation Lemma.- 4. Proof of the Basic Lemma.- 12 Measures in the Composite Case.- 1. Measures and Power Series in the Composite Case.- 2. The Associated Analytic Function on the Formal Multiplicative Group.- 3. Computation of Lp(l, x) in the Composite Case.- 13 Divisibility of Ideal Class Numbers.- 1. Iwasawa Invariants in Zp-extensions.- 2. CM Fields, Real Subfields, and Rank Inequalities.- 3. The l-primary Part in an Extension of Degree Prime to l.- 4. A Relation between Certain Invariants in a Cyclic Extension.- 5. Examples of Iwasawa.- 6. A Lemma of Kummer.- 14 p-adic Preliminaries.- 1. The p-adic Gamma Function.- 2. The Artin-Hasse Power Series.- 3. Analytic Representation of Roots of Unity.- Appendix: Barsky's Existence Proof for the p-adic Gamma Function.- 15 The Gamma Function and Gauss Sums.- 1. The Basic Spaces.- 2. The Frobenius Endomorphism.- 3. The Dwork Trace Formula and Gauss Sums.- 4. Eigenvalues of the Frobenius Endomorphism and the p-adic Gamma Function.- 5. p-adic Banach Spaces.- 16 Gauss Sums and the Artin-Schreier Curve.- 1. Power Series with Growth Conditions.- 2. The Artin-Schreier Equation.- 3. Washnitzer-Monsky Cohomology.- 4. The Frobenius Endomorphism.- 17 Gauss Sums as Distributions.- 1. The Universal Distribution.- 2. The Gauss Sums as Universal Distributions.- 3. The L-function at s = 0.- 4. The p-adic Partial Zeta Function.

Probability theory is a branch of mathematics dealing with chance phenomena and has clearly discernible links with the real world. The origins of the sub- ject, generally attributed to investigations by the renowned french mathe- matician Fermat of problems posed by a gambling contemporary to Pascal, have been pushed back a century earlier to the italian mathematicians Cardano and Tartaglia about 1570 (Ore, 1953). Results as significant as the Bernoulli weak law of large numbers appeared as early as 1713, although its counterpart, the Borel strong law oflarge numbers, did not emerge until 1909. Central limit theorems and conditional probabilities were already being investigated in the eighteenth century, but the first serious attempts to grapple with the logical foundations of probability seem to be Keynes (1921), von Mises (1928; 1931), and Kolmogorov (1933). An axiomatic mold and measure-theoretic framework for probability theory was furnished by Kolmogorov. In this so-called objective or measure- theoretic approach, definitions and axioms are so chosen that the empirical realization of an event is the outcome of a not completely determined physical experiment -an experiment which is at least conceptually capable of indefi- nite repetition (this notion is due to von Mises). The concrete or intuitive counterpart of the probability of an event is a long run or limiting frequency of the corresponding outcome.