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This book studies the low-carbon transformation path of the automotive industry. It makes a quantitative analysis of the emission reduction potential of the transformation path based on the systemic accounting of the carbon emissions in the whole life cycle of automobiles. The content puts forward scientific and reasonable suggestions on Chinese automobiles' low-carbon development strategy and transformation path.This book is used as a reference for professionals in the automotive industry who are engaged in automotive life cycle assessment, carbon footprint research, carbon neutrality planning research, etc. It is also used as a reference book for students in automotive in universities.

This book covers different physiological processes, tools, and their application in crop breeding. Each chapter emphasizes on a specific trait/physiological process and its importance in crop, their phenotyping information and how best it can be employed for crop improvement by projecting on success stories in different crops. It covers wide range of physiological topics including advances in field phenotyping, role of endophytic fungi, metabolomics, application of stable isotopes, high throughput phenomics, transpiration efficiency, root phenotyping and root exudates for improved resource use efficiency, cuticular wax and its application, advances in photosynthetic studies, leaf spectral reflectance and physiological breeding in hardy crops like millets. This book also covers the futuristic research areas like artificial intelligence and machine learning.This contributed volume compiles all application parts of physiological tools along with their advanced research in these areas, which is very much need of the hour for both academics and researchers for ready reference. This book will be of interest to teachers, researchers, climate change scientists, capacity builders, and policy makers. Also, the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, physiology, botany, ecology, and environmental sciences. National and international agricultural scientists will also find this a useful resource.

This book discusses recent trends and concepts in the field of biorefinery. It discusses optimal and economic strategies for converting biomass to value-added products to maximize profits with minimal environmental impact with a sustainability approach. The chapters of the book are focused on the current technologies, techno-economical aspects, life cycle assessment, and case studies. The book is divided into three sections; the first section presents strategies for the production of biofuels like bioethanol, biomethane, biohydrogen, bio-oil, gasification, etc., from the biomass in a sustainable way. The second sections review the extraction of bioactive chemicals, phenolic antioxidants, enzymes, and carboxylic acid from the biomass residue. The last section examines the utilization of biomass for the production of bioactive materials, including biofertilizers, bioadsorbents, activated carbon, nano-materials, and pigments. This book explores the relation between biofuels and the sustainable development goals (SDGs) 7.

This book contains select papers presented during the 2nd National Conference on Small Satellites, discussing the latest research and developments relating to small satellite technology. The papers cover various issues relating to design and engineering, ranging from the control, mechanical, and thermal systems to the sensors, antennas, and RF systems used. The book is of interest to scientists and engineers working on or utilizing satellite and space technologies.

This book discusses the links between population growth, migration and the transport system in China. It first reviews the theories concerning the relationship between population growth, distribution and transport systems from an international perspective and then analyses the history of and changes in population growth, population migration, urbanisation and population spatial distribution in China by using multiple data sources, including the census, China Family Panel Studies data, China Migrants Panel Studies data and mobile phone data. Thirdly, it explores the effects of population growth and migration on transport infrastructures and services in terms of planning, investments, development, operation and management. The book also evaluates the features, strengths and weaknesses of various population policies on the basis of their impacts on transport, birth control, the hukou system, the migration management system and the policies designed to limit the growth of large cities and encourage the growth of small cities. Further, it addresses transport policies in the context of their capacity to meet people¿s mobility and accessibility needs and other factors, including energy consumption, environment pollution and regional development inequalities. Examining the trends in population distribution and their influences on transport, such as an increase in urban agglomeration and mega city regions in the east of China and population shrinkage in the cities and regions in northeast and west China, it also investigates the new trends of rural migration and population movement during the Spring Festival and other public holidays and the challenges of these new trends for transport system. Lastly, the book discusses future directions and challenges, sustainable population and transport policies and proposes population-oriented transport strategies and accessibility-based population distribution policies. Relevantto China and other developing countries, the book is a valuable resource for scholars interested in population studies, sustainable transportation, regional planning and development and environmental policy.

The book provides a comprehensive treatise on all aspects of congenital and pediatric glaucoma. Pediatric glaucoma, due to dependence on anaesthesia facility, are usually managed only in tertiary eye care centers. Being a difficult entity for comprehensive evaluation, many ophthalmologists lack adequate experience in diagnosing and managing this specialized group of patients. Pediatric glaucoma are an important cause of ocular morbidity and visual impairment, which if diagnosed in time, pays dividend in terms of improved quality of life, visual outcome and less disability associated life years in this young age group. Early diagnosis, prompt and effective treatment and rehabilitation play an important role in final visual outcomes. The book covers all important aspects of pediatric examination beginning from clinical examination, diagnostic investigations and treatment protocols. Certain examinations like intraocular pressure measurement, gonioscopy, detailed fundus examination need sedation/ anaesthesia. The video based procedural modules aim to explain standard protocols for performing basic examination in children, such as, under anaesthesia or sedation. It has a case based approach for all types of childhood glaucomas, which helps the residents, glaucoma fellows and practicing ophthalmologists alike to identify different types of childhood glaucomas, plan respective management and refer early, whenever indicated for these conditions. The book will serve as a ready reckoner, an authentic reference book and a teaching tool for practicing glaucoma specialists, general ophthalmologists, ophthalmology residents and glaucoma fellows.The editors have extensive experience in dealing with pediatric glaucoma and contributed years of teaching and research in this field. This book primarily consists of images, diagrams, case presentations and illustrative videos wherever required. It illustrates the clinical findings of different pediatric glaucomas andhence acts as a practical teaching tool by providing a plethora of clinical pictures in adjunct to a short case scenario.

The real-variable theory of function spaces has always been at the core of harmonic analysis. In particular, the real-variable theory of the Hardy space is a fundamental tool of harmonic analysis, with applications and connections to complex analysis, partial differential equations, and functional analysis.This book is devoted to exploring properties of generalized Herz spaces and establishing a complete real-variable theory of Hardy spaces associated with local and global generalized Herz spaces via a totally fresh perspective. This means that the authors view these generalized Herz spaces as special cases of ball quasi-Banach function spaces.In this book, the authors first give some basic properties of generalized Herz spaces and obtain the boundedness and the compactness characterizations of commutators on them. Then the authors introduce the associated Herz¿Hardy spaces, localized Herz¿Hardy spaces, and weak Herz¿Hardy spaces, and develop a complete real-variable theory of these Herz¿Hardy spaces, including their various maximal function, atomic, molecular as well as various Littlewood¿Paley function characterizations. As applications, the authors establish the boundedness of some important operators arising from harmonic analysis on these Herz¿Hardy spaces. Finally, the inhomogeneous Herz¿Hardy spaces and their complete real-variable theory are also investigated.With the fresh perspective and the improved conclusions on the real-variable theory of Hardy spaces associated with ball quasi-Banach function spaces, all the obtained results of this book are new and their related exponents are sharp. This book will be appealing to researchers and graduate students who are interested in function spaces and their applications.

This handbook is a comprehensive, systematic source of modern nuclear physics. It aims to summarize experimental and theoretical discoveries and an understanding of unstable nuclei and their exotic structures, which were opened up by the development of radioactive ion (RI) beam in the late 1980s.The handbook comprises three major parts. In the first part, the experiments and measured facts are well organized and reviewed. The second part summarizes recognized theories to explain the experimental facts introduced in the first part. Reflecting recent synergistic progress involving both experiment and theory, the chapters both parts are mutually related. The last part focuses on cosmo-nuclear physics¿one of the mainstream subjects in modern nuclear physics. Those comprehensive topics are presented concisely.Supported by introductory reviews, all chapters are designed to present their topics in a manner accessible to readers at the graduate level. The book therefore serves as a valuable source for beginners as well, helping them to learn modern nuclear physics.

This edited book provides a comprehensive and a reliable source of information on all major areas of diatom research. It addresses research advances in the key areas of diatom biology, morphology, systematics, phylogeny and ecology along with their interdisciplinary applications. Diatoms are the world¿s most diverse group of algae populating the freshwater and marine ecosystems of the world. They are unicellular, photosynthetic, eukaryotes having ornate silicified cell walls. Diatoms contribute around 25% of annual global carbon fixation, which is more than all of the terrestrial rainforests combined. Diatoms underpin major aquatic food webs and drive global biogeochemical cycles and have several ecological and interdisciplinary applications. This book targets a wide range of audience including researchers, academicians, teachers and students of varied disciplines such as biology, environmental sciences, ecology, evolution, nanotechnology and other related disciplines. It is useful read for beginners as well as advanced researchers.

The goal of this textbook is to equip readers with as structured knowledge of soft robotics as possible. Seeking to overcome the limitations of conventional robots by making them more flexible, gentle and adaptable, soft robotics has become one of the most active fields over the last decade. Soft robotics is also highly interdisciplinary, bringing together robotics, computer science, material science, biology, etc.After the introduction, the content is divided into three parts: Design of Soft Robots; Soft Materials; and Autonomous Soft Robots. Part I addresses soft mechanisms, biological mechanisms, and soft manipulation & locomotion. In Part II, the basics of polymer, biological materials, flexible & stretchable sensors, and soft actuators are discussed from a materials science standpoint. In turn, Part III focuses on modeling & control of continuum bodies, material intelligence, and information processing using soft body dynamics. In addition, the latest research resultsand cutting-edge research are highlighted throughout the book.Written by a team of researchers from highly diverse fields, the work offers a valuable textbook or technical guide for all students, engineers and researchers who are interested in soft robotics.

This book provides an in-depth understanding of the fundamental scientific principles and technologies used in the design of modern computer-controlled machines and processes. It emphasizes the synergies in the design process and explores the challenges and opportunities for integrating diverse engineering disciplines. The book consists of six chapters that cover a wide range of topics related to mechatronics and control system engineering. Overall, the book is an excellent resource for professionals, engineers, researchers, and students who want to gain a comprehensive understanding of the trans-disciplinary field of mechatronics and control systems engineering.

This book summarizes the achievements and experience of the Yangtze River rehabilitation and protection, analyzes the new situation and requirements of the Yangtze River rehabilitation and protection, and discusses the main issues and their solution alternatives for the Yangtze River rehabilitation and protection efforts. The Yangtze River, respected as the mother river of the Chinese nation, contributes immensely toward the socioeconomic development of China and braces up the national strategies such as the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, etc. Whether the Yangtze River is under good stewardship has implications on not only the wellbeing of more than 400 million inhabitants in the basin, but also in broader sense the overall sustainability of socioeconomic development of the whole country. This book which has two parts, provides a multidirectional analysis of Yangtze River rehabilitation and protection. The firstpart explores the stages, achievements, and the future of the Yangtze rehabilitation and protection. Major issues existing in Yangtze River Basin rehabilitation and protection are discussed in the second part. Many pictures, charts, and diagrams are involved providing an understanding of the situation of Yangtze River Basin.

This book presents the latest knowledge on all aspects of osteoarthritis of the knee. Beyond offering a thorough evidence-based review of the available treatment options, it provides helpful information on such fundamental aspects as anatomy, biomechanics, biochemistry, etiology, pathogenesis, and radiologic assessment. The treatment-oriented chapters cover non-pharmacologic treatment, drug treatment, intra-articular drug and/or cell-based injection therapy, arthroscopic treatment, osteotomy, and joint replacement surgery. The goal is to equip the reader with a sound understanding of both the condition itself and the appropriate treatment strategy in different situations. The importance of taking into account factors such as the degree of arthritis, patient activity, lifestyle, and pain when formulating that strategy is emphasized. The fact that the book extends well beyond the description of surgical treatments means that it will be an excellent source of information and guidance forgeneral clinicians as well as for those who specialize in the management of musculoskeletal disorders.