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In this two-volume compilation of articles, leading researchers reevaluate the success of Hilbert's axiomatic method, which not only laid the foundations for our understanding of modern mathematics, but also found applications in physics, computer science and elsewhere.The title takes its name from David Hilbert's seminal talk Axiomatisches Denken, given at a meeting of the Swiss Mathematical Society in Zurich in 1917. This marked the beginning of Hilbert's return to his foundational studies, which ultimately resulted in the establishment of proof theory as a new branch in the emerging field of mathematical logic. Hilbert also used the opportunity to bring Paul Bernays back to Gottingen as his main collaborator in foundational studies in the years to come.The contributions are addressed to mathematical and philosophical logicians, but also to philosophers of science as well as physicists and computer scientists with an interest in foundations.Chapter 8 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book analyzes how COVID-19 impacted politics and how politics shaped the response to the pandemic in Latin America, the region which has become the epicenter of the global health crisis started in China. The volume brings together studies carried out in eight countries of the region - Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Nicaragua and Uruguay - and show how the impacts and outcomes varied a lot across the region depending on the political processes under way in each country in the years preceding the pandemic and on the political responses adopted by each government to deal with the health crisis.   The volume is divided into four parts, each one dedicated to a specific dimension of the relation between politics and COVID-19 in Latin America. The first part is dedicated to denialism, and presents three case studies of governments that denied the importance of the health crisis: Brazil, Mexico and Nicaragua. The second part takes Uruguay and Colombia as two opposite examples of successful and failed state action against COVID-19. The third part analyzes how social movements faced the pandemic in Brazil and Chile. Finally, the fourth part analyzes how public opinion reacted to political responses to COVID-19 in four countries: Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador and Mexico.COVID-19's Political Challenges in Latin America will be a valuable resource for political scientists, sociologists and other social scientists interested in understanding how the pandemic affected politics and how politics affected the fight against the biggest health crisis faced by humanity in the last hundred years.  

This book presents the latest research into CSS methods, uses, and results, as presented at the 2019 annual conference of the CSSSA.  This conference was held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, October 24 - 27, 2019, at the Drury Plaza Hotel.  What follows is a diverse representation of new results and approaches for using the tools of CSS and agent-based modeling (ABM) for exploring complex phenomena across many different domains. Readers will therefore not only have the results of these specific projects on which to build, but will also gain a greater appreciation for the broad scope of CSS, and have a wealth of case-study examples that can serve as meaningful exemplars for new research projects and activities. The Computational Social Science Society of the Americas (CSSSA) is a professional society that aims to advance the field of CSS in all its areas, from fundamental principles to real-world applications, by holding conferences and workshops, promoting standards of scientific excellence in research and teaching, and publishing novel research findings.

This book provides an overview of the recent advancements for plant scientists with a research focus on phytohormones and their responses (nature, occurrence, and functions) in plant cells.This book focuses on the role of phytohormones in biosynthesis, plant sexual reproduction, seed germination and fruit development and ripening. It further highlights the roles of different phytohormones on signaling pathways as well as on photoperiodism/Gravitropism/Thigmotropism.The volume also explores the role of phytohormones in gene expression and plant melatonin and serotonin and covers how plant hormones react in case of stress/defence response (metals/metalloids/pathogen). Last but not least, this volume also discusses phytohormones in the context of new regulatory molecules such as Nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide, melatonin.

Social entrepreneurship is one of the most controversial actualities of the modern economy. On the one hand, social entrepreneurship makes up for "e;market failures"e; and prevents the deficit of socially essential goods and services in the marketplace, acting as their supplier. On the other hand, the survival of social entrepreneurship in an aggressive market environment is a challenging task, the fulfilment of which may distort the original essence of social entrepreneurship.Comprising a collection of research presented at the International Scientific Conference Advanced Issues on Social Entrepreneurship, this contributed volume offers a global economic analysis of social entrepreneurship.  Whilst social entrepreneurship is indispensable to the modern economy, the current controversial model of its organization means it cannot fully accomplish its mission.  This book offers potential solutions to this problem with the global and national strategies of economic growth and social progress. It includes a focus on emerging markets, in which the role of social entrepreneurship is especially high.  This book is aimed at scholars and students who are interested in social entrepreneurship and corporate economics,  and practitioners involved in this field.  It will also be of interest to policy makers in the development and implementation of a national economic policy for support for social entrepreneurship in emerging markets.

This book provides a broad overview of the benefits from a Systems Engineering design philosophy in architecting complex systems composed of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) and humans situated in chaotic environments.   The major topics include emergence, verification and validation of systems using AI/ML and human systems integration to develop robust and effective human-machine teams-where the machines may have varying degrees of autonomy due to the sophistication of their embedded AI/ML.  The chapters not only describe what has been learned, but also raise questions that must be answered to further advance the general Science of Autonomy.  The science of how humans and machines operate as a team requires insights from, among others, disciplines such as the social sciences, national and international jurisprudence, ethics and policy, and sociology and psychology. The social sciences inform how context is constructed, how trust is affected when humans and machines depend upon each other and how human-machine teams need a shared language of explanation. National and international jurisprudence determine legal responsibilities of non-trivial human-machine failures, ethical standards shape global policy, and sociology provides a basis for understanding team norms across cultures. Insights from psychology may help us to understand the negative impact on humans if AI/ML based machines begin to outperform their human teammates and consequently diminish their value or importance. This book invites professionals and the curious alike to witness a new frontier open as the Science of Autonomy emerges.

This book analyses and evaluates the accomplishments, challenges, and approaches associated with the New Public Management (NPM) in Africa towards establishing context-specific interventions for public sector institutions' performance. Taking the reader through various business and management approaches, including leadership in the public sector, digitalisation, market orientation and trust building, this book provides an understanding of the key issues facing public sector organisations in Africa and offers novel ways of approaching public management in a changing socio-economic landscape to drive improved performance of public institutions.The book offers students, practitioners and researchers important insights on NPM and public sector institutions in Africa. The recommendations of the book will help government and policymakers implement appropriate public sector management policies for strengthening public sector service delivery in Africa.

Dynamics of Civil Structures, Volume 2:  Proceedings of the 39th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2021, the second volume of nine from the Conference brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of the Dynamics of Civil Structures, including papers on:Structural VibrationHumans & StructuresInnovative Measurement for Structural ApplicationsSmart Structures and Automation Modal Identification of Structural SystemsBridges and Novel Vibration AnalysisSensors and Control 

This book enumerates the unique challenges, barriers, needs, and trauma of being an African American in the United States, and at the same time highlights what needs to be done to improve and foster the mental health healing of this population. This includes practical applications and strategic solutions that work, such as the family togetherness and ardent spiritual beliefs that form the basis for resilient and vibrant mental health among African Americans. This contributed volume features the authorship of counseling professionals, most of whom are African American themselves. Because of their own personal experiences, they are able to emphasize cogent helping strategies for this population, to show how to move forward with encouragement. The book also highlights ways to promote life that is mentally healthy and holistic for African Americans.Topics covered within the chapters include:Mental Health Challenges Unique to African American Children and AdolescentsDiagnosis Issues with African Americans Culture of Family Togetherness, Emotional Resilience, and Spiritual Lifestyles Inherent in African Americans from the Time of Slavery Until Now The Trauma of Being an African American in the 21st Century Training, Recruiting, and Retaining African American Mental Health ProfessionalsAfrican Americans and Mental Health: Practical and Strategic Solutions to Barriers, Needs, and Challenges is an essential resource for helping professionals who work with this population, including psychiatrists, counselors, psychologists, social workers, and other mental health professionals. The book also should be of interest to researchers, instructors, and students in Counseling, Social Work, and Psychology.

This book outlines the recent advancements in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) and addresses how useful it is in achieving truly sustainable solutions. The book also serves as a useful reference literature in developing sustainable engineering solutions to various social and techno-commercial issues of global significance. This book is organized into two sections: section 1 is focused on fundamentals and principles of AI to lay the groundwork for the second section. Section 2 explores the sustainable engineering solutions development using AI, which addresses challenges in various computing techniques and opportunities in engineering design for sustainable development using IoT/AI and smart cities. Applications include waste minimization, re-manufacturing, reuse and recycling technologies using IoT/AI, Industry 4.0, intelligent and smart grid systems, energy conservation using technology, and robotic process automation (RPA). The book is ideal for the engineers, researchers and students interested in how AI can aid in sustainable development applications.

From 1966 to 1970, historian Martin Duberman transformed his undergraduate Princeton seminar on American radicalism. This book looks closely at the seminar, drawing on interviews with former students and colleagues, conversations with Duberman, and abundant archival material in the Princeton archives and the Duberman Papers. The array of evidence makes the book a primer on how historians gather and interpret evidence while at the same time shining light on the tumultuous late 1960s in American higher education. This book will become a tool for teaching, inspiring educators to rethink the ways in which history is taught and teaching students how to reason historically through sources.

This book surveys Hebrew manuscripts of Aristotelian philosophy and logic. It presents a translation and revision of part of Moritz Steinschneider's monumental Die Hebraeischen Ubersetzungen des Mittelalters und die Juden als Dolmetscher (The Hebrew Translations of the Middle Ages and the Jews as Interpreters). This resource was first published in 1893. It remains to this day the authoritative account of the transmission and development of Arabic and Latin, and, by way of those languages, Greek culture to medieval and renaissance Jews.The editors have updated Steinschneider's bibliography. They have also judiciously revised some of his scholarly judgments. In addition, the volume provides an exhaustive listing of pertinent Hebrew manuscripts and their whereabouts. The section on logic, including texts hitherto unknown, represents the latest research in the history of medieval logic in Hebrew. This publication is the second in a series of volumes that translates, updates, and, where necessary, revises parts of Steinschneider's bio-bibliographical classic work on Hebrew manuscripts of philosophical encyclopedias, manuals, and logical writings. Historians of medieval culture and philosophy, and also scholars of the transmission of classical culture to Muslims, Christians, and Jews, will find this volume indispensable.

When the notion of 'alternative facts' and the alleged dawning of a 'postfactual' world entered public discourse, social anthropologists found themselves in unexpectedly familiar territory. In theirempirical experience, fact-knowledge accepted as true-derives its salience from social mechanisms of legitimization, thereby demonstrating a deep interconnection with power and authority. In thisperspective, fact is a continually contested and volatile social category.Due to the specific histories of their colonial and post-independence experience, African societies offer a particularly broad array of insights into social processes of juxtaposition, opposition, and even outright competition between different postulated authorities. The contributions to the present volume explore the variety of ways in which authority is contested in Southern and Eastern Africa, investigating localized discourses on which institution, what kind of knowledge, or whose expertise is accepted as authoritative, thus highlighting the specificities and pluralities in 'modern' societies. This edited volume engages with larger theoretical questions regarding power and authority in the context of (post)colonial states (neo)traditional authority, claiming space, conflict and (in)justice, and contestations of knowledge. It offers in-depth critical analyses of ethnographic data that put contemporary African phenomena on equal footing with current controversies in North America, Europe, and other global settings.

This edited volume brings together ten compelling ethnographic case studies from a range of global settings to explore how people build metalinguistic communities defined not by use of a language, but primarily by language ideologies and symbolic practices about the language.  The authors examine themes of agency, belonging, negotiating hegemony, and combating cultural erasure and genocide in cultivating meaningful metalinguistic communities. Case studies include Spanish and Hebrew in the USA, Kurdish in Japan, Pataxo Hahahae in Brazil, and Gallo in France. The afterword, by Wesley L. Leonard, provides theoretical and on-the-ground context as well as a forward-looking focus on metalinguistic futurities. This book will be of interest to interdisciplinary students and scholars in applied linguistics, linguistic anthropology and migration studies.

This book highlights the impact of climate change on the soil microbiome and its subsequent effects on plant health, soil-plant dynamics, and the ecosphere. It also discusses emerging ideas to counteract these effects, e.g., through agricultural applications of functional microbes, to ensure a sustainable ecosystem.Climate change is altering the soil microbiome distributions and thus the interactions in microbiome and plantsoil microorganism. Improvement of our understanding of microbe-microbe and plant-microbe interaction under changing climatic conditions is essential, because the overall impact of these interactions under varying adverse environmental conditions is lacking. This book has been designed to understand the impact of climate change, i.e., mainly salt and drought stress, on the soil microbiome and its impact on plant, yield, and the ecosphere.The book is organized into four parts: The first part reviews the impact of climate change on the diversity and richness of the soil microbiome. The second part addresses effects of climate change on plant health. The third part discusses effects on soil-plant dynamics and functionality, e.g., soil productivity. The final part deals with the effects of climate change on ecosystem functioning and also discusses potential solutions.The book will appeal to students and researchers working in the area of soil science, agriculture, molecular biology, plant physiology, and biotechnology. 

This book provides a practical overview of pathology and interventions in the suprachoroidal space of the eye. Concise and well-structured chapters examine anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology, suprachoroidal haemorrhage, choroidal effusions and ocular hypotony management, imaging, suprachoroidal buckling for retinal detachment, drug delivery, suprachoroidal glaucoma devices, subretinal gene therapy and suprachoroidal retinal implant. Suprachoroidal Space Interventions meets the need for a book that improves awareness of established and novel interventions in the suprachoroidal space, particularly as it has been increasingly recognised as a potential space for glaucoma surgery, drug deliveries and retinal surgery. Ophthalmologists and scientists with an interest in glaucoma and retinal surgery will find the book to be an easy to use reference tool for a rapidly developing area of ophthalmology that can be applied in modern clinical practice.  

This book provides up to date information on the emerging trends and technology in food nanotechnology. It gives high-quality literature focused on the recent developments, research trends, methods and issues related to the safe use of nanoscale materials to add value to food. Most importantly, this book encloses critical reviews on micro and nanoengineering concepts, principles and applications in food. It also provides a scientific basis of micro and nanoengineered structures and compounds, their industrial food applications, encapsulation techniques and methods. This book encompasses detection, analysis and characterization techniques for nanostructures, the fate of encapsulated materials in target food. It also educates on regulatory issues and safety of clinical translation of nanomaterials in fortified foods.

This volume comprehensively describes the anatomy, pathophysiology, diagnostics, and modalities of treatment of one of the most complex and debated clinical conditions in coloproctology: anal fistulas and abscesses. It also debates current controversies and presents the best approaches based on the authors' clinical expertise. Providing an in-depth understanding of the anal canal anatomy and surrounding area, it enables readers to manage anal sepsis and avoid excessive damage, in particular to the anal sphincters. Further, the book presents insights into the pathophysiological processes (in cryptoglandular and Crohn's disease) causing abscess and fistula, which have a significant impact on the management of these conditions. It also discusses diagnostic assessments crucial for selecting the optimal surgical technique and offers guidance on the timing. Lastly, it assesses the pros and contras of the various surgical procedures, evaluating the possible outcome in terms of both therapeutic success and detrimental effects on the anorectal functions. As such it is a valuable resource for all physicians involved in the management of anal fistulas and abscesses (coloproctologists, general surgeons, gastroenterologists, radiologists). 

This book exemplifies the challenges and successes of online learning, teaching and leading in times of crises. It helps shed light on the issues facing online and face-to-face practitioners having to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic and continue education within the confines of a specific interface. The volume includes new research and information, which can be built upon in the coming months and years depending on how long the pandemic persists. Therefore, it adds a geometric dimension to the current research on online teaching, learning and leading with emphasis on what can be done during a pandemic. The book is beneficial because it is timely and significant based on current happenings in the world. Its findings contribute to expansive research on online learning, teaching and leading but with a focus on emergency education. The information contained in the book is significant to different regions in the world such as the Caribbean, UK, USA, Greece, Mauritius inter alia. The book is of interest to teachers, students, parents, leaders and anyone who wants to adopt online education.

Springer is proud to announce that 'Universities in the Knowledge Society' has received the ASHE-CIHE award for Significant Research on International Higher Education.Congratulations to Timo Aarrevaara, Martin Finkelstein, Glen A. Jones, Jisun Jung and all contributors!This book explores the complex, multi-faceted relationships between national research and innovation systems and higher education. The transition towards knowledge societies/economies is repositioning the role of the university and transforming the academic profession. The volume provides a foundational introduction to the concepts of knowledge society and knowledge economy, and these concepts ground the detailed case studies of eighteen systems, located across five continents. Each case study was written by a leading expert in that jurisdiction, and provides a critical analysis of the research and development infrastructure, the role of universities, and the implications for the academic profession. The book describes how nations in various geographic regions and at various stages of economic maturity are restructuring their university systems to adapt to the new imperatives, and provides a cross-case analysis identifying common themes and distinctive features.In telling the story of higher education's on-going global metamorphosis, the contributing authors place current developments in the context of the university's historic evolution, survey the changing metrics that national governments are adopting to measure university performance, and describe a new international project, the Academic Profession in the Knowledge-based Society [APiKS] that involved a common survey of academics in more than twenty countries to take the pulse of developments "e;on the ground"e; while documenting the challenges confronting knowledge workers in the new economy. 

Responsible Management in Emerging Markets: A Multisectoral Focus is in response to the dearth of literature on responsible management in emerging economies. It discusses diverse themes at the intersection of corporate social responsibility (CSR), green business (marketing) and sustainability management, with the view to addressing some begging issues in responsible management.Hinged on the centrality of SDG 12 (responsible production and consumption), this volume focusses on how businesses, nations, and continents across the globe can actualize a sustainable paradigm, now and in the future. It offers fresh theoretical, policy, and managerial insights into the complex processes and relationships that mediate businesses' ability to deliver on their social development promise, through sustainability and green initiatives. This book discusses some forward and backward linkages between the emerging economy context and responsible management. Featuring cognate topics on CSR, green marketing, green fashion and green entrepreneurship, it offers a Sustainable Development Roadmap (SDR) that is applicable for businesses in emerging economies. This volume is a valuable resource for professionals and academics in emerging economies who desire to understand how firms are demonstrating responsible management through green initiatives, corporate social responsibility and sustainable policies and practices. 

This book reviews concepts and recent advances of biotechnological approaches for livestock production. Indeed, biotechnologies have recently emerged as powerful tools for animal breeding, genetics, production, nutrition, and animal health. Applications to the production of livestock such as cattle, camel, and poultry are detailed. Chapters also present biotechnological applications for diagnostics, animal nutrition, and animal food production.

This edited book analyses the relationship between discourse and conflict, exploring both how language may be used to promote conflict and also how it is possible to avoid or mitigate conflict through tactical use of language. Bringing together contributions from both established scholars and emerging voices in the fields of Discourse Analysis and Conflict Studies, it argues for a discourse approach to making sense of conflict and disagreement in the modern world. 'Conflict' is understood here as having a national or global focus and consequences, and includes verbal aggression and hate speech, as well as physical confrontation between political and ethnic groups or states over values, claims to status, power and resources. Themes explored in the volume include the language of conflict, hate speech in online and offline media, and discourse and peace-building, and the chapters examine various national contexts, including Lithuania, Brazil, Belgium, North Macedonia, Sri Lanka, the USA and Afghanistan. The chapters cover conflict-related topics within the fields of Political Science, International Relations, Sociology, Media Studies, and Applied Linguistics, and the book will be of interest to students, researchers and experts in these and related fields, as well as professionals in conflict and peace-building/peace-keeping.

This book exemplifies how smart buildings have a crucial role to play for the future of energy. The book investigates what already exists in regards to technologies, approaches and solutions both with a scientific and technological point of view. The authors cover solutions for mirroring and tracing human activities, optimal strategies to configure home settings, and generating explanations and persuasive dashboards to get occupants better committed in their home energy managements. Solutions are adapted from the fields of Internet of Things, physical modeling, optimization, machine learning and applied artificial intelligence. Practical applications are given throughout.

This book provides an overview of the emerging smart connected world, and discusses the roles and the usage of underlying semantic computing and Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies. The book comprises ten chapters overall, grouped in two parts. Part I "e;Smart Connected World: Overview and Technologies"e; consists of seven chapters and provides a holistic overview of the smart connected world and its supporting tools and technologies. Part II "e;Applications and Case Studies"e; consists of three chapters that describe applications and case studies in manufacturing, smart cities, health, and more. Each chapter is self-contained and can be read independently; taken together, readers get a bigger picture of the technological and application landscape of the smart connected world.This book is of interest for researchers, lecturers, and practitioners in Semantic Web, IoT and related fields. It can serve as a reference for instructors and students taking courses in hybrid computing getting abreast of cutting edge and future directions of a connected ecosystem. It will also benefit industry professionals like software engineers or data scientists, by providing a synergy between Web technologies and applications.This book covers the most important topics on the emerging field of the smart connected world. The contributions from leading active researchers and practitioners in the field are thought provoking and can help in learning and further research. The book is a valuable resource that will benefit academics and industry. It will lead to further research and advancement of the field. Bharat K. Bhargava, Professor of Computer Science, Purdue University, United States

This book sets out to navigate questions of the future of Australian poetry. Deliberately designed as a dialogue between poets, each of the four clusters presented here-"e;Indigeneities"e;; "e;Political Landscapes"e;; "e;Space, Place, Materiality"e;; "e;Revising an Australian Mythos"e;-models how poetic communities in Australia continue to grow in alliance toward certain constellated ideas. Exploring the ethics of creative production in a place that continues to position capital over culture, property over community, each of the twenty essays in this anthology takes the subject of Australian poetry definitively beyond Eurocentrism and white privilege. By pushing back against nationalizing mythologies that have, over the last 200 years since colonization, not only narrativized the logic of instrumentalization but rendered our lands precarious, this book asserts new possibilities of creative responsiveness within the Australian sensorium.

This book addresses the structural and biological properties of dental and peridental tissue structures and covers their mineralization process. The book contains a description of dentines, cementum, enamel and bone, including collagens, as well as non-collagenous proteins (SIBLINGs, SLRPs, GAGs, PGs, lipids, and MMPs).The mechanisms of mineralization are described in detail and the book is focused on matrix vesicles, collagen mineralization and the role of non-collagenous extracellular matrix components either as promoters or inhibitors of mineralization. In addition, the matrix components (non-collagenous) of enamel (amelogenin, ameloblastin, enamelin, MMP4, MMP20 and other proteases) are reviewed and their respective roles in dental tissues biomineralizations and tissue turnover are discussed. Additionally, environmental factors involved in enamel / dentin defects are adressed.With state-of-the-art contributions from experts in the respective domains, the book is a useful introduction to the field for junior scientists, interested in dental and peridental tissue biomineralization. It is also an interesting read for advanced scientists and clinicians working in dental research, giving them a broader view of the topic beyond their area of specialization.The series Biology of Extracellular Matrix is published in collaboration with the American Society for Matrix Biology.

This volume analyses the policymaking, expectations, implementation, progress, and outcomes of early language learning in various education policy contexts worldwide. The contributors to the volume are international researchers specialising in language policy and early language learning and their contributions aim to advance scholarship on early language learning policies and inform policymaking at the global level. The languages considered include learning English as a second language in primary schools in Japan, Mexico, Serbia, Argentina, and Tanzania; Spanish language education in the US and Australia; Arabic as a second language in Israel and Bangladesh; Chinese in South America and Oceania; and finally, early German teaching and learning in France and the UK.

This book provides readers with a comprehensive and recent exposition in deep learning and its multidisciplinary applications, with a concentration on advances of deep learning architectures. The book discusses various artificial intelligence (AI) techniques based on deep learning architecture with applications in natural language processing, semantic knowledge, forecasting and many more.  The authors shed light on various applications that can benefit from the use of deep learning in pattern recognition, person re-identification in surveillance videos, action recognition in videos, image and video captioning. The book also highlights how deep learning concepts can be interwoven with more modern concepts to yield applications in multidisciplinary fields.Presents a comprehensive look at deep learning and its multidisciplinary applications, concentrating on advances of deep learning architectures;Includes a survey of deep learning problems and solutions, identifying the main open issues, innovations and latest technologies;Shows industrial deep learning in practice with examples/cases, efforts, challenges, and strategic approaches.

Topics in Modal Analysis & Testing, Volume 8: Proceedings of the 39th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2021, the eighth volume of nine from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Modal Analysis, including papers on:Operational Modal & Modal Analysis ApplicationsExperimental TechniquesModal Analysis, Measurements & Parameter EstimationModal Vectors & ModelingBasics of Modal AnalysisAdditive Manufacturing & Modal Testing of Printed Parts