Bøker utgitt av Springer International Publishing

This book aims to determine UNESCO's capability to facilitate heritage protection measures pre-conflict, emergency response measures during conflict and reconstruction efforts post-conflict. The book employs document analysis to ascertain UNESCO's legal obligations when it comes to facilitating cultural heritage protection in its Member States' territories in the condition of armed conflict, while drawing comparisons with the reality of the organisation's presence and involvement in Yemen, Syria and Iraq. This study maps shifts in UNESCO's level of communication with each country's respective government and civil authorities; allocation of financial, human and material resources; and implementation of heritage safeguarding and reconstruction initiatives. Both quantitative and qualitative data shows UNESCO to exhibit great inequity in engagement, at times, closing communications entirely with Syria, due to the political standpoints of other UNESCO Member States. This politicalgridlock is often shown to result in the organisation overstating its ability to safeguard or restore heritage, with promises not being followed up with action. Since 2015, UNESCO has expressed a stronger intent to be a key player in heritage protection during armed conflict, however as long as cultural heritage protection is not considered a humanitarian concern, UNESCO will not be able to circumvent much of the political and bureaucratic barriers facing intergovernmental organisations during conflict, which prevent emergency action from being implemented. In order to ensure heritage safeguarding is permitted during periods of significant unrest, regardless of political discord, it is crucial that UNESCO promote a people-centred approach to its cultural heritage protection initiatives. This book evidences that focusing on livelihoods and meaningful and practical connections between populations and their local heritage to be UNESCO's optimal methodological approach forjustifying cultural heritage protection as a humanitarian necessity. The book's readership includes academics, researchers, and practitioners in the fields of political science, law and heritage studies.

The book develops a novel framework for the analysis of global crises. It differentiates crises on three dimensions: permanent, recurring and ephemeral crises. This conceptualization allows us to analyze global crises not only in their immediate environment, but makes it possible to understand them in the broader context of social instability. The approach revolves around the terminology of discursive dislocation which provides fundamental insights into diverse forms of social instability. A multidimensional conceptualization of dislocation is advanced which informs the differentiation of global crises. Furthermore, a methodological toolkit is developed and tailored to the theoretical framework, which makes it possible to utilize the book both theoretically and methodologically for the analysis of manifold forms of global crises. The book also provides a comprehensive analysis of the Covid-19 pandemic in the United States under Donald Trump. Making use of the aforementioned methodology, it presents a hands-on illustration of how the multidimensional framework can be utilized for practical analyses. The analysis reveals how the construction of the Covid-19 pandemic is embedded in the historically ingrained self-portrayal of the United States, and how crisis responses are invoked to serve particular socio-political purposes in retaining an established vision of the United States.

This book represents an introduction to ecoacoustics theory, to the application of the Acoustic Complexity Indices (ACIs) to acoustic survey, and to the use of an innovative software to process acoustic data. It enables readers to comprehend the main principles that guide the recent development of ecoacoustics and offers a synthesis about the role of sound in the ecological research.Readers will be introduced to the use of the ACIs by a detailed description of the main algorithms recently formulated and on their correct application in the acoustic processing concurring to the creation of sonic information systems. Readers will also find a new dedicated software application, namely SonoScape, that is described in detail with its codes attached in the supplementary material in a completely visible format. The SonoScape is a performing software application operating in MatLab(R) and is enriched of several options to manage single and large collection of acoustics files. It vides the feasibility to process data at different temporal scale, using different combination of parameters, and to extract novel complexity measures such as entropy and fractal dimension of ecoacoustic events. It also offers functions to visualize the results using customized 3-D plots or ternary plots, intuitively demonstrating the patterns of ACIs based on the vast number of numerical results.Finally, this book provides several examples of case studies with the aim of better understanding the potentiality of ACIs and the power of SonoScape as multitasking software to approaching the complexity of the ecoacoustic investigation.Students and scholars in ecology, land managers and technicians may find an important tool to interpret the complex relationship between humans and natural processes when sounds are adopted as proxy.

This book presents the state of the art in High-Performance Computing on modern supercomputer architectures. It addresses trends in hardware and software development in general. The contributions cover a broad range of topics, from performance evaluations in context with power efficiency to Computational Fluid Dynamics and High-Performance Data Analytics. In addition, they explore new topics like the use of High-Performance Computers in the field of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. All contributions are based on selected papers presented in 2021 at the 31st Workshop on Sustained Simulation Performance, WSSP31, held at HLRS in Stuttgart, Germany, and WSSP32, held at Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan.

This book covers the work of Erik W. Aslaksen who continues to develop the view of society and its evolution published in earlier work ¿ The Social Bond (Springer 2018), The Stability of Society (Springer 2020), and Measures of Social Evolution (Springer 2021), bringing together core material of that work with the results of recent investigations in order to present the evolution of society as an integrated and continuous story leading right up to the present time. A story of human action driven by our beliefs, desires, and an ideology arising out of our ability to transform and exploit our environment through the development and application of technology. The distinguishing feature of the work is the treatment of society as an information-processing system and applying the system methodology for handling complexity, as it is applied, e.g., in engineering. This focus on information is particularly pertinent in the current circumstances, where the world has arrived at a critical point in its history through the conjunction of a number of issues that appear to be spiralling out of control: Global warming and the associated climate change, the destruction of our environment through such processes as land clearing and industrialisation with associated loss of biodiversity, the rapidly increasing visibility of the inequality in the quality of life with associated tensions, and above all, the determination of the US-led Western alliance to cling to its hegemonial role, apparently at all cost. With the sophistication and proliferation of nuclear weapons, the latter has the potential to bring on the end of civilisation as we know it. The resolution of any of these issues depends on the information available to all parties involved, and hence, the availability and quality of information is seen as the crucial and overarching issue of the present time. A number of aspects of this issue, including the role of education, economic inequality, and the control of the media, aretreated in some detail, and proposals for some small steps in the right direction are put forward.

This book contains extended versions of the works and new research results presented at the 14th International Joint Conference on Knowledge-based Software Engineering (JCKBSE2022). JCKBSE2022 was originally planned to take place in Larnaca, Cyprus. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic forced it to be rescheduled as an online conference. JCKBSE is a well-established international biennial conference that focuses on the applications of Artificial Intelligence on Software Engineering. The 14th International Joint Conference on Knowledge-based Software Engineering (JCKBSE2022) was organized by the Department of Informatics of the University of Piraeus, Greece. This book is a valuable resource for experts and researchers in the field of (knowledge-based) software engineering. It is also valuable to general readers in the fields of artificial and computational intelligence and, more generally, computer science, wishing to learn more about the exciting field of (knowledge-based) software engineering and its applications. An extensive list of bibliographic references at the end of each chapter helps readers to probe deeper into the application areas of interest to them.

This book provides readers with a comprehensive, state-of-the-art reference for miniaturized More-than-Moore systems with a broad range of functionalities that can be added to 3D microsystems, including flexible electronics, metasurfaces and power sources. The book also includes examples of applications for brain-computer interfaces and event-driven imaging systems. Provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art reference for miniaturized More-than-Moore systems;Covers functionalities to add to 3D microsystems, including flexible electronics, metasurfaces and power sources;Includes current applications, such as brain-computer interfaces, event - driven imaging and edge computing.

This book explores how the social sciences became entangled with the global Cold War. While duly recognizing the realities of nation states, national power, and national aspirations, the studies gathered here open up new lines of transnational investigation. Considering developments in a wide array of fields ¿ anthropology, development studies, economics, education, political science, psychology, science studies, and sociology ¿ that involved the movement of people, projects, funding, and ideas across diverse national contexts, this volume pushes scholars to rethink certain fundamental points about how we should understand ¿ and thus how we should study ¿ Cold War social science itself.

Written by experts in the field, this concise and evidence-based ultrasound text includes key topics ranging from the head and neck to the upper and lower extremity, covering all the clinically relevant sonoanatomy. This 33-chapter book emphasizes the practical use of ultrasound for the diagnosis and treatment of a multitude of conditions in various specialty areas such as airway management, cardiovascular disease assessment, pulmonary status evaluation, orthopedics, gynecology and pediatrics. The optimal techniques and the step-by-step interpretation of normal and pathologic sonoanatomy are discussed in detail. This text can be used as a starting point for the study of ultrasound guided diagnosis and treatment, a refresher manual for sonoanatomy on major organ systems, or a last-minute guide before a bedside procedure. There is a great breadth of material that is covered in a comprehensive manner, making it a great resource for board review and exam preparation for various medical, surgical and allied specialties. Unique and pragmatic, Ultrasound Fundamentals is a back to basics manual on normal and pathologic sonoanatomy of head and neck, upper and lower extremity, chest, abdomen and other major organ systems

The book focuses the latest endeavours relating researches and developments conducted in fields of Control, Robotics and Automation. Through more than ten revised and extended articles, the present book aims to provide the most up-to-date state-of-art of the aforementioned fields allowing researcher, PhD students and engineers not only updating their knowledge but also benefiting from the source of inspiration that represents the set of selected articles of the book.The deliberate intention of editors to cover as well theoretical facets of those fields as their practical accomplishments and implementations offers the benefit of gathering in a same volume a factual and well-balanced prospect of nowadays research in those topics. A special attention toward "e;Intelligent Robots and Control"e; may characterize another benefit of this book. 

This book constitutes revised selected papers from the international workshops, the EDOC Forum and the Demonstration and Doctoral Consortium track, that were held at the 26th International Conference on Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing, EDOC 2022. The conference took place in Bozen-Bolzano, Italy, during October 3¿7, 2022.The conference focuses on the area of enterprise computing, this year with the special emphasis on the theme of designing and operating ¿Flexible Enterprises¿. Workshops within EDOC cover more focused topics and allow for the presentation and discussion of work that is in the earlier development stages.The 18 full and 8 short papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 82 submissions. They stem from the following satellite events:¿ Workshop on Intelligent Digital Architecture, Methods, and Services for Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 (IDAMS)¿ 14th Workshop on Service-oriented Enterprise Architecture for Enterprise Engineering (SoEA4EE)¿ 17th Workshop on Trends in Enterprise Architecture Research (TEAR)¿ EDOC Forum¿ Demonstrations Track¿ Doctoral Consortium

Edited in collaboration with FoLLI, the Association of Logic, Language and Information, this book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third Tsinghua Interdisciplinary Workshop on Logic, Language, and Meaning, TLLM 2022, which was held virtually in April 2022.The 9 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 13 submissions. The workshop covers a wide range of topics such as dynamic semantics, logical dynamics, Dynamic Epistemic Logic, Discourse Representation Theory, formal semantics, free choice inference, update semantics, and donkey sentences.

This book presents a novel approach to the classical scientific discipline of Structural Engineering, which is inspired by numerous current applications from domains of Civil, Mechanical or Aerospace Engineering. The main goal of this book is to help with making the best choice between accuracy and efficiency, when it comes to building the most suitable structural models by practising engineers using modern computational tools available in commercial software products (SAP, FEAP, ANSYS ¿) for which we have carried out many developments that have been become the main reference in the field. Any development of this kind is not a mere modification of discrete approximation, but a thorough treatment with a sound theoretical formulation based upon Hu-Washizu variational principle with independent rotation field, its corresponding regularization and finally the most appropriate finite element interpolation that can match those used for structural elements. Proposed approach allows usto provide a unified discrete approximation of complex structural assemblies and greatly simplify the modeling task for structural engineers. Thus, in conclusion, this book can also be perceived as the theoretical manual for using modern computer models successfully by practising engineers.

This brief examines the influence and prestige of scholars and works in the field of criminology and criminal justice, as well as changes in influence and prestige over a period of 35 years, using citation analysis. Based on responses to prior research, most criminologists consider the results both fascinating and thought-provoking, although methods of measuring scholarly influence are also highly controversial. The brief includes 35 years of data (1986 through 2020) on the most-cited scholars and works in major American and international criminology and criminal justice journals, and provides an objective measure of scholarly influence and prestige. Appropriate for graduate students and researchers, it helps to document the intellectual development of criminology and criminal justice as a field of study.

This volume presents a selection of papers from the 13th International Conference on Military Geosciences (ICMG), held 24-28 June 2019 in Padua, Italy. It covers a wide range of subjects within the confines of military geoscience written by scientists with a variety of different backgrounds from many countries throughout the world. Many of the papers focus on subjects related to Italy and World War I, but additional subject areas include international perspectives in the military geosciences, international security, geospatial intelligence and remote sensing, subterranean and underground warfare, analyses of historical battlefields and fortifications, and military archaeology. The book will be of interest to academics (e.g., military historians, military archaeologists, military geographers and geologists), applied geoscientists (e.g., engineering geologists and geologists working in other areas of applied geology), professional geoscientists, and those with a general interest in military geoscience and history. 

The health status and future of tropical coral reefs, as tourist destinations, are regularly subjected to media coverage. Many documentaries recognize the natural beauty and biological richness of the Australian Great Barrier Reef and French Polynesian lagoons, but point to the equally significant risk that would result from current global warming and human-made hazards. The future of coral reefs is usually a matter of death foretold, real or purely imaginary. In this context, it has become necessary to differentiate between what is falling within reality of scientific facts or fantasy. To this end, the present general review, in the expert translation of Charlotte Fontan aims at: (1) defining the conditions and life requirements of reefbuilding corals; (2) the history of corals along with that of a number of associated, skeletal organisms involved in reef building since the very beginning, i.e. the last 540 million years, including the ups and downs they have experienced; (3) giving special reference to the development patterns of recent and modern reefs; (4) projecting corals and reefs into a still unknown future. Understanding how corals and reefs have originated, how they have been able to face the major biological crises which have punctuated the Earth¿s history, how they have survived is a prerequisite to better gain a significant picture of their future.

Published annually since 1985, the Handbook series provides a compendium of thorough and integrative literature reviews on a diverse array of topics of interest to the higher education scholarly and policy communities. Each annual volume contains chapters that discuss salient dimensions of scholarly and policy inquiries on topics pertaining to college students and faculty, organization and administration, curriculum and instruction, policy, diversity issues, economics and finance, history and philosophy, community colleges, advances in research methodology and more. Each chapter provides a comprehensive review of research findings on a selected topic, critiques the research literature in terms of its conceptual and methodological rigor and sets forth an agenda for future research intended to advance knowledge on the chosen topic. The series is fortunate to have attracted annual contributions from distinguished scholars throughout the world.  

This book is a rigorous but practical presentation of the techniques of uncertainty quantification, with applications in R and Python. This volume includes mathematical arguments at the level necessary to make the presentation rigorous and the assumptions clearly established, while maintaining a focus on practical applications of uncertainty quantification methods. Practical aspects of applied probability are also discussed, making the content accessible to students. The introduction of R and Python allows the reader to solve more complex problems involving a more significant number of variables. Users will be able to use examples laid out in the text to solve medium-sized problems. The list of topics covered in this volume includes linear and nonlinear programming, Lagrange multipliers (for sensitivity), multi-objective optimization, game theory, as well as linear algebraic equations, and probability and statistics. Blending theoretical rigor and practical applications, this volume will be of interest to professionals, researchers, graduate and undergraduate students interested in the use of uncertainty quantification techniques within the framework of operations research and mathematical programming, for applications in management and planning.

This book is a practical manual for clinical practitioners seeking to take an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of functional movement disorder (FMD). It discusses case vignettes, reviews the diagnostic approach, provides an update on available treatments, highlights clinical pearls and details references for further reading.Organized into three parts, the book begins with a framework for conceptualizing FMD - including its historical context, the biopsychosocial model and an integrated neurologic-psychiatric perspective towards overcoming mind-body dualism. Part II then provides a comprehensive overview of different FMD presentations including tremor, dystonia, gait disorders, and limb weakness, as well as common non-motor issues such as pain and cognitive symptoms. The book concludes with chapters on updated practices in delivering the diagnosis, working with patients and care partners to achieve shared understanding of a complex condition, as well as an overview of evidence-based and evolving treatments.  Supplemented with high-quality patient videos, Functional Movement Disorder is written for practicing neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, allied mental health professionals, and rehabilitation experts with an interest in learning more about diagnosis and management of FMD.

This book presents recent advances in NLP and speech technology, a topic attracting increasing interest in a variety of fields through its myriad applications, such as the demand for speech guided touchless technology during the Covid-19 pandemic. The authors present results of recent experimental research that provides contributions and solutions to different issues related to speech technology and speech in industry. Technologies include natural language processing, automatic speech recognition (for under-resourced dialects) and speech synthesis that are useful for applications such as intelligent virtual assistants, among others. Applications cover areas such as sentiment analysis and opinion mining, Arabic named entity recognition, and language modelling. This book is relevant for anyone interested in the latest in language and speech technology.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Metaheuristics, MIC 2022, held in Syracuse, Italy, in July 2022.The 48 full papers together with 17 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 72 submissions. The papers detail metaheuristic techniques.Chapter ¿Evaluating the Effects of Chaos in Variable Neighbourhood Search¿ is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.