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This book is a guide to pharmacotherapy treatment of tobacco dependence. The 2020 American Thoracic Society clinical practice guidelines on treating tobacco dependence serves as the cornerstone for this work with its robust discussion of recommended treatment options and how to tailor treatment to specific patient populations. Tobacco dependence remains a major health concern for many adults and given the dramatic increase of youth electronic cigarette use, clinicians need a singular resource to treat these different populations. This book addresses that by following the three main points of how to best address the adverse impact of tobacco use on public health: 1) prevent initiation of tobacco use; 2) understand mechanisms of addiction; 3) effectively treat tobacco dependence.The book begins by describing the current patterns of product use, the adverse impact of tobacco on global health, and tobacco-related health disparities. Authors discuss both combustible andelectronic tobacco products, as well as current research on the adverse impact of vaping and associated flavorings including menthol, role of the e-cigarette in cessation, and treatment of adolescent nicotine dependence. Chapters conclude with a discussion of specific tobacco control policies to improve overall public health. This is an ideal guide for pulmonologists, pediatricians, primary care physicians and other specialty providers who see patients with nicotine dependence. This book is also of interest to public health professions to help inform public health campaigns and treatment offerings to reduce overall tobacco product use through prevention and treatment.

In this book, the author attempts to debunk some myths about Western exceptionalism and to evaluate critically the characteristics that make the West superior to the Rest. The author suggests that the West does not represent a homogenous group of countries and that the most common characteristic of the core Western countries is imperialism. The author goes on to provide a detailed critique of the proclaimed characteristics of Western countries, including democracy, human rights, judicial independence, transparency, the rule of law, and exclusive contribution to science and technology. A critique is presented of the views expressed by Samuel Huntington, Francis Fukuyama, and Niall Ferguson, arguing that they do not recognize the historical fact that civilizations rise and fall. It is argued that the Western economic system, which is based on neoliberalism, has adverse consequences for democracy, morality, and peace, as well as inequality, poverty, and homelessness. Written in a simple but powerful language, this book is a must read for those interested in international relations and anyone interested in current affairs.

This book is a collection of stories, reflections and advice written by proficient scientists. They address the question of what doing science means to them, and describe attitudes and working practices that have proved effective and rewarding. The book is aimed in particular at young people who are attracted by science or already undertaking undergraduate studies, and who are considering making science their long-term profession. It will also be helpful and revealing to early-career scientists who are searching for their own best route to success. The book serves as a platform for experienced scientists to describe their original inclination, how that subjective disposition found its expression in their way of doing science, whether their expectations were met, and what achievements they can claim. But it is not restricted to success: contributors also share details of the limitations and failures they have encountered. Last but not least they describe how they see science now, howthey think it will be in the near future, and what advice they would give to the their much younger colleagues. Readers will appreciate the diversity of the individual paths shaped by different education, motivation, ambition, inclination, intuition, feeling, belief and eligibility. At the same time the stories confirm that science relies on a translation of this subjective level into an objective level, one that is shared and accepted by the international scientific community, and whose results are produced with a commonly accepted and fully rational scientific method of investigation.

This book applies Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM) tools and techniques to problems in location analysis. It begins with a generic model for MCDM and subsequently develops specific versions of the technique for particular location problems. Throughout the book, MCDM is understood to encompass all tools and techniques that choose or rank existing or feasible solutions, including discrete multi-attribute decision making (MADM) problems, which typically include an attribute table that specifies the consequences of each decision with regard to the given criteria, as well as multi-objective linear problems (MOLPs), which incorporate all objectives in a single optimization problem. The book is organized as follows: the first four chapters introduce readers to the basic tools and techniques used in single-objective optimization, multicriteria decision making, location analysis, and other tools, such as statistical regression and geographical information systems. This is followed by ten chapters on model applications, each of which introduces readers to a specific location problem and applies one technique to solve it. The book is then wrapped up in a closing chapter that looks at the location process from a practitioner¿s point of view. This book is intended as a textbook for upper-undergraduate and master-level courses on location analysis. It will also benefit decision-makers who actually need to locate facilities.

This book presents the modern technological advancements and revolutions in the biomedical sector. Progress in the contemporary sensing, Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning algorithms and architectures have introduced new approaches in the mobile healthcare. A continuous observation of patients with critical health situation is required. It allows monitoring of their health status during daily life activities such as during sports, walking and sleeping. It is realizable by intelligently hybridizing the modern IoT framework, wireless biomedical implants and cloud computing. Such solutions are currently under development and in testing phases by healthcare and governmental institutions, research laboratories and biomedical companies. The biomedical signals such as electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), Electromyography (EMG), phonocardiogram (PCG), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary (COP), Electrooculography (EoG), photoplethysmography (PPG), and image modalitiessuch as positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT) are non-invasively acquired, measured, and processed via the biomedical sensors and gadgets. These signals and images represent the activities and conditions of human cardiovascular, neural, vision and cerebral systems. Multi-channel sensing of these signals and images with an appropriate granularity is required for an effective monitoring and diagnosis. It renders a big volume of data and its analysis is not feasible manually. Therefore, automated healthcare systems are in the process of evolution. These systems are mainly based on biomedical signal and image acquisition and sensing, preconditioning, features extraction and classification stages. The contemporary biomedical signal sensing, preconditioning, features extraction and intelligent machine and deep learning-based classification algorithms are described. Each chapter starts with the importance, problemstatement and motivation. A self-sufficient description is provided. Therefore, each chapter can be read independently. To the best of the editors¿ knowledge, this book is a comprehensive compilation on advances in non-invasive biomedical signal sensing and processing with machine and deep learning. We believe that theories, algorithms, realizations, applications, approaches, and challenges, which are presented in this book will have their impact and contribution in the design and development of modern and effective healthcare systems.

This book presents new trends to optimize e-Government in various contexts. It aims to highlight new methods and approaches that unveil the potential of data for public services. The book also illustrates how public services can be mathematically modeled with many case studies. Then, algorithms are proposed to optimize their functioning and to better contribute to the general interest, such as education, health care, safety, security, or culture. The book also focuses on protecting citizens' personal data and obtaining their explicit consent.The book is suitable for students and academics aiming to build up their background on the usage of data and algorithms through various techniques, including artificial intelligence. The book is used as a reference book for teaching a graduate course on e-Government, Process Modeling, or Artificial Intelligence. Besides its use in academia, this book is used by civil servants of every domain and citizens who aim to understand theongoing modernization of public services.

The pandemic that struck in late 2019 - the coronavirus, commonly referred to as COVID-19 - affected every country in the world. This book examines how the pandemic has impacted healthcare institutions worldwide, and focuses on the international experience of COVID-19 in terms of healthcare delivery since 2019 and today. It highlights how healthcare facilities around the world have managed and continue to manage their obligations to their citizens. The book¿s goal is to improve our understanding of the many negative and positive impacts of the pandemic on various aspects of our lives, including the health aspect, and how healthcare institutions could expand their ability to manage similar pandemics in the future without seriously compromising their ability to address other, regular health issues. At the same time, it takes a closer look at CSR, sustainability, ethics, and governance issues related to the pandemic, as well as current CSR practices in each of the countries reviewed.Given its scope, the book will be of interest to a broad readership including researchers, practitioners, and students concerned with the pandemic¿s societal and public health implications.

This book investigates the phenomenon of overbalancing through an analysis of Japan¿s foreign policy during the interbellum. In the mid-1930s, Japan withdrew from a naval arms control framework that had restrained military buildup on both sides of the Pacific Ocean since the early 1920s. By doing so, Japan not only triggered a naval arms race with the United States that exhausted its economy, it also destroyed the last institutionalized structure regulating the relationship between the two Pacific powers. Japan and the United States became caught in a spiral of tensions that culminated with the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941. Puzzling is the fact that the international environment in the Asia-Pacific was relatively stable in the mid-1930s, while Washington was pursuing a policy of accommodation toward Tokyo. By rejecting arms control and engaging in unfettered naval expansion, Japan overbalanced against the United States and began its rush to the Pacific War.The book explains Japan¿s overbalancing with a neoclassical realist model that combines the literatures on threat perception and civil-military relations. Amid the Manchurian crisis of 1931-1933, as the Japanese government collaborated with the military institution to address the situation in China, military influence on the formulation of foreign policy surged. The perceptual and policy biases of the military, which include the tendency to distrust other countries¿ intentions, to adopt worst-case analyses of international dynamics and to strive to maximize military power, gradually penetrated the decision-making process. Dysfunctions in the preexisting structure of Japanese civil-military relations, engendered by an over-depoliticization of the military institution, allowed the navy to convince policymakers that the United States was inherently hostile to Japan, hence the necessity to prepare for war. The government was brainstormed, adopting the biased military perspective on international affairs. Japan overbalanced in a myopic but conscious way.

This book looks at how digital economy can help energy businesses to meet their sustainability goals. It will further generates a new debate among policymakers about encouraging green technologies to reduce global carbon emissions.Our modern society requires a long-term, sustainable, and secure energy supply that not only generates and preserves renewable energy. It is also creating universal intelligent machines for power systems, and vital infrastructure is considered in terms of digital economy requirements. The idea of sharing information is an essential principle of sustainable thinking. In such instances, open internet and data access are required to enable any human being to acquire knowledge. Furthermore, the energy industry is changing worldwide, necessitating the consideration of potential implications and modifications. Thus, its most distinguishing feature is moving from a centrally organized system to one with many market players. Consequently, information and communication technologies and human growth have significant main and interactive effects on environmental sustainability. Simultaneously, energy industry is a major player in resolving the digital economy¿s development issues.

This book highlights novel and pragmatic health promotion efforts being adopted with boys and young men of colour (BYMOC) globally that apply a strengths-based approach. Men's adoption of risky health practices and reluctance to seek help and engage in preventive health behaviours have frequently been used to explain their poorer health outcomes, particularly among adolescent boys and young men, and disproportionately affecting BYMOC. Emerging literature on equity and men's health has conveyed that intersections among age, race, sexuality, socioeconomic status and geography contribute to a complex array of health and social inequities. There is growing evidence to suggest these inequities shape the health practices of BYMOC. Unfortunately, these health and social inequities can have negative lifelong consequences. An increased focus on reducing health inequities has led to a greater focus on health promotion actions that address social and cultural determinants of health.The vulnerabilities that BYMOC face are diverse and are reflected in a range of tailored health promotion interventions. Health promotion approaches that influence structural and systemic inequities experienced by BYMOC have been a prominent feature. In this volume, the editors and contributors purposefully bring together international research and promising practice examples from Australia, the United States, New Zealand, and Canada to celebrate health promotion strategies that help to improve the health and social trajectories of BYMOC. In doing so, the book moves beyond discussing the health inequities faced by this population, to talk about the practical actions to address them in context. Health Promotion with Adolescent Boys and Young Men of Colour brings together diffuse strands of scholarship relating to male health promotion, gender/masculinities and health, equity and men's health, and gender and youth development. The book is a unique and useful resource for practitioners, policy-makers, researchers and students with an interest in health promotion/public health, social work/social policy, education, men's health, youth development, Indigenous studies, and health and social equity.

Salinity is one of the acute problems causing enormous yield loss in many regions of the world. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced in arid and semiarid regions. Halophytes can remove salt from various types of problematic soils due to their unique morphological, physiological and anatomical adaptations to these environments. Halophytes are also used for the treatment of certain diseases but scientific documentation in terms of current phytotherapic applications is deficient in this unique group of plants. Different ethnic groups around the world use medicinal halophytes according to their own beliefs and ancestor¿s experiences. However, their knowledge about the use of salt tolerant medicinal plants is usually confined to their own community. There is thus a knowledge gap on halophytes which should be bridged and preserved. This book provides a comprehensive account on the distribution of halophytes, their ethnobotanical and medicinal aspects, economic importance, and chemical constituents along with scientific description. The book therefore serves as a valuable resource for professionals and researchers working in the fields of plant stress biology and ethnobotanical aspects.

Founding a startup is a challenging endeavor that works best in a well-balanced team. Different thinking styles are needed throughout the founding journey. Archetypes are deeply engrained templates in the collective unconscious and can be used to reveal the hidden aspects of social interactions within teams. This book employs an archetypical personality test to uncover the eight most significant team roles needed in a startup: the leader, the mentor, the artist, the friend, the hero, the femme fatale, the rebel and the manager. The artist, for example, always finds unconventional solutions, the femme fatale attracts support for the idea, and the hero is undaunted in the face of setbacks. Archetypical roles can manifest in individuals or at the group level, and they can and should change throughout the journey. With the included personality test, this book offers entrepreneurs, investors and mentors alike a tool to improve the interpersonal processes in startup teams.

Global security threats have created a complex risk landscape that is challenging and transforming society. These global security issues intersect and influence the political, economic, social, technological, ecological and legal dimensions of the complex risk landscape and are now transborder thereby becoming national security issues. Accessing the innovation space to support safety, security and defence capabilities is critical in order to mitigate new and evolving threats.Through real-world examples of innovation, this book provides a detailed examination of the innovation space as it pertains to the application of S&T to safety and security threats and challenges. This book is of most interest to public and private sector innovators as well as academician and graduate students working in the safety and security domain.

This book surveys recent applications of inspection models, maintenance models and cumulative damage models, as well as discusses the policies involved with these models. It explains how a stochastic approach can be applied to systems using real-world examples.The book begins by introducing and summarizing standard inspection models. It dedicates chapters to random inspection models and general inspection models, before moving on to discuss inspection policies and checkpoint models. The book discusses inspection of reliability systems, such as missile maintenance systems, as well as Markov models of inspection. The book concludes with a summary of other inspection models, problems they face, and solutions to these problems. Each chapter utilizes examples to illustrate the various models, methods, and policies. This book is of interest to engineering students, researchers, and design and production engineers working in system manufacturing.

Why AI does not include gender in its agenda? The role of gender in AI, both as part of the community of agents creating such technologies, as well as part of the contents processed by such technologies is, by far, conflictive. Women have been, again, obliterated by this fundamental revolution of our century. Highly innovative and the first step in a series of future studies in this field, this book covers several voices, topics, and perspectives that allow the reader to understand the necessity to include into the AI research agenda such points of view and also to attract more women to this field. The multi-disciplinarity of the contributors, which uses plain language to show the current situation in this field, is a fundamental aspect of the value of this book. Any reader with a genuine interest in the present and future of AI should read it.

This book discusses the sources, human health hazards and risk prevention strategies associated with aeolian dust particles (fine and ultrafine) in the atmosphere. It covers the challenges of accurately forecasting aeolian dust and the need to raise public awareness on the warning signs and harmful impacts of airborne dust. Also discussed is the presence of microorganisms, heavy metals and other pollutants in dust which contributes to harmful impacts on human health as well as management and treatment options for the various health issues that can result from exposure. The book is a useful resource for scientists, engineers and policymakers interested in dust and health.

The evolution of Antimicrobial Resistance is outpacing the ability to create novel antibiotics, which is proving to be a global problem in the fact of climate change, population growth, demographic shifts toward aging populations, emerging infections, and other crises. Therefore, clinicians are forced to use the existing antimicrobials more responsibly to preserve their longevity for generations to come. In a parallel vein, there has been a recent regulatory acknowledgement of the importance of prudent antimicrobial prescribing, mandating the implementation of Antimicrobial Stewardship across all healthcare settings. This is harder to manage in a non-traditional setting, which include long-term care facilities, outpatient care clinics, urgent care centers, and others. Given the trends in patient care in these settings¿particularly where the aging community is concerned¿this is proving to be a growing problem. This is troublesome even for spaces that have university and large hospital affiliations. There is a plethora of data describing the implementation and outcomes of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in acute-care hospitals with open-access, evidence-based guidelines endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. However, non-traditional settings often find themselves struggling to implement the same practices and procedures due to their unique needs and limited resources. There may be variability in access to resources, applicability, and patient-type. This book seeks to inform those in non-traditional healthcare settings on the principles, practice, and outcomes of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs to improve patient care across all settings. The text begins by unpacking Antimicrobial Stewardship in nontraditional settings then covers specific environments, including long-term care facilities, outpatient clinics, and emergency departments. The text also covers special topics, including veterinary medicine, HIV, oncology, and immunocompromised patients, pediatrics, neonates, transplant, and critical care patients.

This book documents the various impacts of urbanization on hydrological systems and water resources. The first half of the book is focused on urbanization and surface waters, starting with the status of hydrological systems in the urban areas, i.e. the catchment characteristics and changes in rainfall dynamics. The most pronounced hydrological problems in cities are changes in runoff due to precipitation. Recently, rain events have been less frequent but more intense, sometimes leading to flash floods. Though the substantial increase in runoff causes floods in the urbanized area, it may be attributed to the reduction of infiltration due to construction of roads. This, in turn, results in groundwater decline and depletion. The second half of the book covers the impact of urbanization on groundwater, which starts with hindered or significantly reduced recharge taking place due to altered urban surfaces. The limited groundwater resources are over-exploited by the urban population, leading to water scarcity and depletion. Groundwater gets polluted due to solid waste dumping sites or by wastewaters discharged by industries. The book will be useful for researchers, educators, municipal/city authorities, government officials, and NGOs.

This book focuses on the management and conservation of architectural heritage with the aim of increasing awareness about the value of such conservation and of saving what is left of history, which in turn rewards societies by supporting the tourism industry, generating economic return, and preserving communities' identities.Since it has become an essential need to manage and conserve the architectural heritage in order to protect the identity and heritage of a city, there appeared a gap between the theory and its application. Therefore, a considerable amount of attention has been directed by experts in this field toward emphasizing the contribution of heritage conservation in order to inspire the development of imaginative, useful high-quality design.

This book composes the proceedings of the international conference on Geo-Spatial Technologies and Earth Resources (GTER 2022) which was co-organized by Hanoi University of Mining and Geology and the International Society for Mine Surveying (ISM) held at Hanoi city on October 13¿14, 2022.GTER 2022 is technically co-sponsored by Vietnam Mining Science and Technology Association (VMST), Vietnam Association of Geodesy, Cartography and Remote Sensing (VGCR), Vietnam National Coal-Mineral Industries Holding Corporation Limited (VINACOMIN), and the Dong Bac Corporation (NECO).GTER 2022 aims to bring together experts, researchers, engineers, and policymakers to discuss and exchange their knowledge and experiences in recent geospatial technologies, advances in mining and earth sciences.

This book highlights recent findings in civil and environmental engineering and urban planning, and provides an overview of the state of the art in these fields, mainly in Russia and Eastern Europe. A broad range of topics and issues in modern engineering are discussed, including construction, buildings and structures, advanced materials, innovative technology, methods and techniques in civil engineering, heating, gas supply, water supply and sewerage, foundation engineering, BIM, structural reliability, durability and monitoring, special and unique structures construction (bridge, tunnel, road, railway engineering), design and construction of hydraulic structures, concrete engineering, urban regeneration and sustainable development, urban transport system, engineering structure safety and disaster prevention, water resources engineering, water and wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse of wastewater, etc. The volume gathers selected papers from the 6th International Conference on Construction, Architecture and Technosphere Safety (ICCATS), held in Sochi, Russia in September 2022. The authors are experts in various fields of engineering, and all papers have been carefully reviewed.

This book presents 41 selected articles written by leading researchers from the Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, part of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The articles are grouped by the following topics: (1) Geochemistry, (2) Meteoritics, Cosmochemistry, Lunar and Planetary Sciences, (3) Biogeochemistry and Ecology, and (4) Analytical Chemistry, Radiochemistry, and Radioecology. The articles present recent experimental data, theoretical investigations, critical reviews, the results of computer modeling in the above-mentioned fields.Intended to provide a scientific ¿snapshot¿ of the institute, the book also includes content on its history, main scientific achievements and current goals, together with detailed descriptions of its 25 laboratories and three museums so as to promote new international collaborations.Given its scope, the book will be of interest to all scientists and graduate students working in the areas of geochemistry, analytical chemistry and radiochemistry, earth and environmental sciences, biogeosciences, meteoritics and planetary science, and to those seeking new collaboration opportunities in these areas in Russia.

This book brings together international research on school teachers¿, and university lecturers¿ uses of digital technology to enhance teaching and learning in mathematics. It includes contributions that address theoretical, methodological, and practical challenges for the field with the research lens trained on the perspectives of teachers and teaching. As countries around the world move to integrate digital technologies in classrooms, this book collates research perspectives and experiences that offer valuable insights, in particular concerning the trajectories of development of teachers¿ digital skills, knowledge and classroom practices.Via app: download the SN More Media app for free, scan a link with play button and access the videos directly on your smartphone or tablet.

The handbook provides thoughtful and provocative critiques of the science and practice of school mental health. It examines intervention science and implementation science and the study of professional development and stakeholder engagement. The volume outlines the relevant issues facing the field of school mental health and provides a framework for the areas of study. Chapters critique the science in a specific area, draw innovative connections between findings, and present new information about their area of expertise. This handbook provides a concise and critical update of the literature in school mental health and is an essential resource for those from the wide range of disciplines that constitute the science and practice of school mental health.Key topics featured include:Promoting meaningful engagement and leadership in school mental health by diverse stakeholders.Training, coaching, and workforce development in school mental health.Intervention science for children with specific needs (e.g., anxiety, depression, trauma, autism).Innovations in scaling-up and Implementation science, focusing on such topics as multitiered systems of support and scaleup of positive behavior support strategies.The handbook is an essential reference for researchers, graduate students, and other professionals in child and school psychology, special and general education, public health, school nursing, occupational therapy, psychiatry, social work and counseling, educational policy, and family advocacy.

While research teams are producing relevant and valid knowledge for health promotion, there is not yet a structured manual and distinct field of health promotion research. This timely "state-of-the-art" handbook contributes to structuring the field of health promotion research.This collection presents introductory-level methodological solutions to the major epistemological, methodological, and ethical challenges facing health promotion research. It brings together experts from different "research traditions" that coexist in the field. The handbook covers the existing knowledge production and sharing practices to delineate the "discipline" and its agenda for future research. Ultimately, it contributes to creating a global community of health promotion researchers.This volume concerns research practices relevant to the production and sharing of knowledge about health promotion practices. It is organized as follows: Part I presents some paradigms and approaches to knowledge production relevant to health promotion research. Parts II to V describe research designs and methods that specifically address health promotion research.Part VI includes an overview of the challenges facing health promotion research and suggests ways forward. Global Handbook of Health Promotion Research, Vol. 3: Doing Health Promotion Research is a highly relevant reference tool for researchers and graduate students in health promotion, public health, education, and socio-health sciences; practitioners in health, medical, and social sectors; policy-makers; and health research administrators.

This book provides a comprehensive comparison of municipally owned corporations in Europe. Municipal corporatisation is the act of delivering public services at arm¿s length from local government through municipally owned corporations. Although it has become an increasing trend in recent years, we still know little about cross-country differences in what these municipally owned corporations look like, what legislation applies to them, and how they are governed. This book seeks to fill this gap. Each chapter outlines the legal provisions that enable or hinder the formation of municipally owned corporations in a particular country, the trends around corporatisation, and the structure of the corporations that exist. Going beyond the national context, the book provides an overview of what unites countries in terms of the trend towards municipally owned corporations, and what differentiates them. It offers a critical comparison that will make finding regional and global trends easier for researchers, and will help practitioners to better understand the differences between countries to allow for greater collaborative policy learning.