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This book is dedicated to the analysis and modelling of fractional behaviours that mainly result from physical stochastic phenomena (diffusion, adsorption or aggregation, etc.) of a population (ions, molecules, people, etc.) in a constrained environment and that can be found in numerous areas. It breaks with the usual approaches based on fractional models since it proposes to use unusual models which have the advantage of overcoming some of the limitations of fractional models.This book is dedicated to postgraduated students and to researchers in the field or those who wish to learn with a fresh perspective. After a review of fractional models and their limitations, it proposes and demonstrates the interest of four other modelling tools to capture fractional behaviours: new kernels in integral operators, Volterra equations, nonlinear models and partial differential equations with spatially variable coefficients. Several applications on real data and devices illustrate their efficiency.

This book on post-injury multiple organ failure (MOF) offers a comprehensive overview and clinically focused practical guide to treating the condition. MOF is arguably the most difficult complication to manage in polytrauma patients and is responsible for the majority of trauma deaths among patients who survived the first 24 hours after injury. Beyond mortality, it has a major impact on healthcare resource utilization and a persistent negative effect on patients' long-term reported outcomes. This book is edited by surgeons who are passionate about the topic, and about optimizing the outcomes for polytrauma patients. Grasping the fascinating pathophysiology of MOF is essential for providing patients with quality early care. Each chapter highlights key learning objectives, historical perspectives, diagnostic and therapeutic pearls, and includes a must-know summary, additional reading suggestions and future research directions. Flowcharts, decision-making guides, summary tables, graphics and clinical photographs help to maximize the learning experience and to ensure readers retain what they've learned. The book fills a unique niche area for many specialties dedicated to critical care of polytrauma patients and to their management before and beyond intensive care.  

This textbook provides an authoritative reference on one of the most problematic entities in the pathology of the knee. Throughout the text, esteemed international experts highlight their clinical insights for ensuring optimal non-surgical and surgical outcomes when treating anterior knee pain and patellar instability. The chapters are revised with the latest updates and new chapters are featured focusing upon robotic-assisted patellofemoral replacement, predictive diagnostic models in anterior knee pain patients based on artificial intelligence, brain network functional connectivity in anterior knee pain patients, and many other hot topics in the field. Anterior Knee Pain and Patellar Instability, 3rd Edition is an essential, multi-disciplinary textbook for all levels of orthopedic surgeons, physiotherapists, radiologists, biologists, pathologists, and bioengineers, who wish to learn more about this complex pathology that affects both young and olderpatients.

This book summarizes the links between the evolution of sedimentary basins of Northern Africa and Peri-Mediterranean in different tectonic settings and the distribution of georesources in those basins. Georesources include fossil energy, geothermal energy, deep aquifers, minerals and deposits. This book also provides key information for energy resources in these important areas. The book is in part a compilation of selected papers from Atlas Georesources International Congress, Hammamet, Tunisia, (AGIC 2017) which were extended after the congress in addition to other contributions from geoscientists based at some universities and companies from the region. It is organized in a set of research studies focusing on the architecture, geodynamic evolution and modeling of sedimentary basins in the Middle East, North Africa and the Mediterranean domain. Future developments in the exploration for water, energy and other georesources are very important in these regions. In this context, thisbook constitutes an important reference for a wide range of geoscientists and companies as it defines the distribution and potentialities of these resources.

This textbook is written to thoroughly cover the topic of introductory chemistry in detail¿with specific references to examples of topics in common or everyday life. It provides a major overview of topics typically found in first-year chemistry courses in the USA. The textbook is written in a conversational question-based format with a well-defined problem solving strategy and presented in a way to encourage readers to ¿think like a chemist¿ and to ¿think outside of the box.¿ Numerous examples are presented in every chapter to aid students and provide helpful self-learning tools. The topics are arranged throughout the textbook in a "traditional approach" to the subject with the primary audience being undergraduate students and advanced high school students of chemistry.

This book explains the power grid as a hierarchy made up of the transmission, distribution, and microgrid levels.Interfaces among these levels are explored to show how flexibility in power demand associated with residential batteries can be communicated through the entire grid to facilitate optimal power flow computations within the transmission grid.To realize this approach, the authors combine semi-definite optimal power flow with model-order reduction at the distribution level and with a new heuristic algorithm for stable power flow at the transmission level. To demonstrate its use, a numerical case study based on modified IEEE 9-bus and 33-bus systems for the transmission and distribution grid, respectively, is included.This book shows how exploiting the flexibility on the residential level improves the performance of the power flow with the transmission grid.

Phocid (or earless or true) seals are ecologically diverse, occupying habitats from the tropics to the poles in marine and freshwater and feeding on anything from tiny zooplankton to other marine mammals. There are 18 species of phocid seals, the smallest species (ringed seal) is more than 20 times smaller than the largest (southern elephant seal), with marked sexual dimorphism present in some species. This book examines the behavior, ecology, and physiology that allow phocid seals to inhabit such a wide range of habitats. The book is composed of 16 chapters written by 37 authors from 8 countries. The book first describes the general patterns of phocid behavior, followed by descriptions of what is known about well-studied species. We have taken a holistic approach, focusing not only on the behaviors themselves but also on the factors that constrain the expression of behavior and the proximate mechanisms driving behavior. In many cases, the chapters represent collaborations between well-established researchers and early-mid career individuals who bring new perspectives to help carry the field of phocid behavioral ecology well into the future.

This book provides a comprehensive mathematical description and analysis of the delegate allocation processes in the US Democratic and Republican presidential primaries, focusing on the role of apportionment methods and the effect of thresholds¿the minimum levels of support required to receive delegates. The analysis involves a variety of techniques, including theoretical arguments, simplicial geometry, Monte Carlo simulation, and examination of presidential primary data from 2004 to 2020. The book is divided into two parts: Part I defines the classical apportionment problem and explains how the implementation and goals of delegate apportionment differ from those of apportionment for state representation in the US House of Representatives and for party representation in legislatures based on proportional representation. The authors then describe how delegates are assigned to states and congressional districts and formally define the delegate apportionment methods usedin each state by the two major parties to allocate delegates to presidential candidates. Part II analyzes and compares the apportionment methods introduced in Part I based on their level of bias and adherence to various notions of proportionality. It explores how often the methods satisfy the quota condition and quantifies their biases in favor or against the strongest and weakest candidates. Because the methods are quota-based, they are susceptible to classical paradoxes like the Alabama and population paradoxes. They also suffer from other paradoxes that are more relevant in the context of delegate apportionment such as the elimination and aggregation paradoxes. The book evaluates the extent to which each method is susceptible to each paradox. Finally, it discusses the appointment of delegates based on divisor methods and notions of regressive proportionality.This book appeals to scholars and students interested in mathematical economics and political science, with an emphasis on apportionment and social choice theory.

The first edition of this book was published in 1994. Since then considerable progress has been made in both theoretical developments of percolation theory, and in its applications. The 2nd edition of this book is a response to such developments. Not only have all of the chapters of the 1st edition been completely rewritten, reorganized, and updated all the way to 2022, but also 8 new chapters have been added that describe extensive new applications, including biological materials, networks and graphs, directed percolation, earthquakes, geochemical processes, and large-scale real world problems, from spread of technology to ad-hoc mobile networks.

This open access book evaluates African healthcare systems from multiple perspectives. By examining empirical data from various African countries, it analyzes the effects of socioeconomic factors such as urbanization, population growth, and education on various health indicators, including the situation of health professionals, patients's decision making, health resource distribution, mortality rates, and the burden of disease. Furthermore, topics such as the use of social media in healthcare and insurance policy in Africa are addressed. This book appeals to scholars and professionals interested in healthcare in Africa.

This book comprehensively educates psychiatrists about malpractice and other liability. It is written to also specifically assist psychiatrists who are sued or are involved in other complaints.The first two sections discuss malpractice law and the litigation process; the litigation section mainly addresses some of the more emotionally charged issues, including do's and don'ts, how an attorney will be looking at the case, the defendant doctor's testifying at deposition and trial, and the stress of being sued. The subsequent three sections address specific topics that give rise to liability, with each section taking a different perspective such as risks in particular clinical, by practice site, and special issues, including practice in special situations such as the current pandemic. The final section discusses other forms of liability, such as complaints to medical boards or professional association ethics committees.An exceptional work, Malpractice and Liability in Psychiatry, functions as both a go-to handbook and all-encompassing read on the aforementioned topics.

This book contributes to the studies on learning processes occurring outside "e;traditional"e; socialization settings such as family and school, by analysing civic and political participation and learning experiences. In this perspective, the book delves into the connections between the concepts of learning and participation and, in various ways and from different perspectives, critically interrogates learning and participation as interrelated phenomena, with the aim of revealing complexities implicated in pathways to adulthood.Being interdisciplinary in its nature (contributors come from disciplinary backgrounds such as educational sciences, child and youth studies, social work, sociology and political science), the volume provides an up-to date analysis of contemporary issues connected to youth participation and learning. The work taps into central areas of everyday life of young people and youth meaning-making and generates and presents qualitative knowledge about what it means to be young in Europe today.

This book defends and articulates an ¿Engaged Buddhist¿ approach to economics as a response to the destructive effects of global capitalism. The author posits that Buddhist understandings of the distortions of greed, aversion, and ignorance can be read to apply not only to mental states but also to socio-political ones, and that such a reading suggests rational responses to current social and environmental challenges. The book proposes that we engage both ¿inner and outer¿ modes of transformation through which to free ourselves from our current human-made, dysfunctional systems: the former, by examining the workings of our own minds, the latter by criticizing and reforming our economic systems. Since traditional Buddhism provides few sources to build a Buddhist economic vision, this work brings together Buddhist notions of skillful practice, John Dewey¿s pragmatic principles for social provisioning, and institutional economics. The author provides two case studies for experiments in Buddhist-based socioeconomic policies, Thailand and Bhutan. Of special interest is the implied parallel between worldviews emerging from modern socially-engaged Buddhism and Dewey¿s notion of a human existential drive to shape the world in collectively beneficial ways.

This comprehensive source on the pathogenic origins of neuropathic pain covers the detailed molecular bases of the currently known neuropathies as classified by their pathogenic origins.Filling a critical need, this book fills the need for a resource on a syndrome that demands improved understanding by clinicians and researchers alike so that treatment options for patients are not categorically limited to a pill or a needle.  If the clinician understands the origins of a patients' neuropathic pain, they can work cooperatively toward improving it with tailored therapies that don't create societal diseconomies and that ultimately are effective in helping patients.The book presents in detail the molecular bases of some currently known neuropathies by their pathogenetic origins, allowing clinicians to tailor more specific and more effective treatment regimens for their patients.  For basic researchers, this book is a general resource to better direct research on neuropathy-specific molecular mechanisms.  The improved understanding of the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain can then be used to develop more specific and more effective manipulations of these pathways.

This volume is the second (II) of four under the main themes of Digitizing Agriculture and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The four volumes cover rapidly developing processes including Sensors (I), Data (II), Decision (III), and Actions (IV). Volumes are related to 'digital transformation"e; within agricultural production and provision systems, and in the context of Smart Farming Technology and Knowledge-based Agriculture. Content spans broadly from data mining and visualization to big data analytics and decision making, alongside with the sustainability aspects stemming from the digital transformation of farming. The four volumes comprise the outcome of the 12th EFITA Congress, also incorporating chapters that originated from select presentations of the Congress. The first part of this book (II) focuses on data technologies in relation to agriculture and presents three key points in data management, namely, data collection, data fusion, and their uses in machine learning and artificial intelligent technologies. Part 2 is devoted to the integration of these technologies in agricultural production processes by presenting specific applications in the domain. Part 3 examines the added value of data management within agricultural products value chain.The book provides an exceptional reference for those researching and working in or adjacent to agricultural production, including engineers in machine learning and AI, operations management, decision analysis, information analysis, to name just a few. Specific advances covered in the volume: Big data management from heterogenous sources Data mining within large data setsData fusion and visualizationIoT based management systemsData Knowledge Management for converting data into valuable informationMetadata and data standards for expanding knowledge through different data platformsAI - based image processing for agricultural systemsData - based agricultural businessMachine learning application in agricultural products value chain

¿This book presents a critical overview of statistical fiber bundle models, including existing models and potential new ones. The authors focus on both the physical and statistical aspects of a specific load-sharing example: the breakdown for circuits of capacitors and related dielectrics. In addition, they investigate some areas of open research.This book is designed for graduate students and researchers in statistics, materials science, engineering, physics, and related fields, as well as practitioners and technicians in materials science and mechanical engineering.

This book 'Essays on Contemporary Psychometrics' provides an overview of contemporary psychometrics, the science devoted to the advancement of quantitative measurement practices in psychology, education and the social sciences. The volume consists of four parts, each having several chapters on cutting-edge work in the field. Part I, General Perspectives on Psychometrics, includes expert views on topics such as psychological models vs. measurement models, using tests in decision making, artificial intelligence, and psychometric network models. Part II, Factor Analysis and Classical Test Theory, the type of psychometrics that is still used most often in the social and behavioral sciences, includes state-of-the-art contributions on test-score reliability, change-score reliability, handling missing data in principal component analysis, test equating, and conditional standard errors of measurement. Part III, Item Response Theory, the leading form ofpsychometrics in modern educational measurement, includes discussions of sampling from many conditional distributions, transparent score reporting, nonparametric item response theory, and targeted testing. Part IV, New Psychometrics, discusses recently developed ideas beyond classical test theory and item response theory, including topics related to computer adaptive testing, response-time modelling, validity indices, diagnostic classification models, and the sparse latent class model for ordinal measurements.Together, these four parts provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art in psychometrics in educational measurement. They are a valuable source of information for graduate students who (intend to) study psychometrics and need an overview of the field, and for researchers interested in the current developments in the field. Chapters [3], [5], [8], [16] and [19] are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This proceedings volume combines chapters derived from papers presented at the 4th and 5th Annual Conferences on the Future of the Commercial Contract in Scholarship and Law Reform. This ongoing research project brings together scholars from all over the world at an annual international conference in London. The book focusses on technology in commercial contract law as well as on sustainability in commercial contracts. The latter theme was inspired by the United Nations' climate conference that was to take place in Glasgow in the United Kingdom that same year. The book combines topical current issues in commercial contract law and practice organized in three parts. The first part contains contributions to the area of law and technology. The second part of the book expands on aspects of sustainability understood as environmental reasonableness in the context of commercial contracts. The third part includes several chapters on the topics of supervening events and contractual ethics. Thisbook is therefore part of a coherent line of contributions to the furthering of modern contract theory. The choice of topics is closely following current issues of legal policy and contract practice.

This text offers a holistic approach to the two topics of the highest interest in the current and future food industry: sustainability and nutrition. The current knowledge is narrow and specific to individual topics focusing on either one nutrient or one discipline. Food is part of a wide circle of disciplines: nutrition, technology, sensory, environmental aspects, psychology, economy, culture and society. In the recent years, the sales of innovative foods such as meatless burgers, allergen-free products and personalized nutrition have skyrocketed. Sustainable Food Innovation presents the big picture on each nutrient: industrial and natural sources (ingredients, food products), consumer acceptability (price, sensory quality) and nutritional properties (quantity and quality) with each chapter focusing on a specific essential nutrient. Further chapters illustrate the role of other elements of interest such as bioactive. In addition, experimental datais added to enrich the book. Online discussions on current food trends are analyzed and presented to the reader in the effort to understand consumers¿ psychology.This will be the first publication to combine literature review and research data and the first to offer a comprehensive discussion on sustainable food innovation. The ultimate goal is to educate consumers and experts, providing technical and socioeconomic knowledge in a multidisciplinary context. Ultimately, informed technologists will develop healthier, sustainable food products and informed consumers will make informed decisions on nutrition and food choices.

This book presents the best, peer-reviewed contributions from the XII Congress of the Italian Society of Ergonomics and Human Factors (SIE), held in Lucca, Italy, on May 2-4, 2022. By highlighting the latest theories and models, as well as cutting-edge technologies and applications, and by combining findings from a range of disciplines including engineering, design, robotics, management, computer science, human biology and behavioral sciences, it provides researchers and practitioners alike with a comprehensive, timely guide on human factors and ergonomics in a variety of industrial sectors, such as health care, transportation, automotive and constructions. It also offers an excellent source of innovative ideas to stimulate future discussions and developments aimed at applying knowledge and techniques to optimize system performance, while at the same time promoting health, safety, and well-being of individuals anc communities. The proceedings includes papers from researchers and practitioners, scientists and physicians, institutional leaders, managers, and policy makers that contribute to constructing the Human Factors and Ergonomics approach across a variety of methodologies, domains, and productive sectors.

This book addresses the recent trends and clinical research being reported in last 5 to 10 years in the field of nasal drug delivery systems. In recent years, interest in using nasal passage as drug absorption site has received increased attention from formulation scientists. Nasal passages, even though a small surface area of the body as compared to other absorption passage such as Gastrointestinal tract or skin, show significant possibility for drug absorption at a quicker rate. There is also a possibility of delivering drugs to the brain using this passage and targeting drugs through the nasal passage. The book has 19 chapters addressing various aspects of nasal drug delivery systems such as an overview of anatomy and physiology of the nasal passage from a drug delivery point of view to global market opportunities for nasal drug delivery. In between, it addresses various aspects of nasal drug delivery. There are very few titles exclusively dedicated to nasal drug delivery, covering the formulation and developmental aspects, and addressing the challenges and solutions. The primary audiences for the book are graduate students in field of medicine, pharmacy and also various researchers who are working in the area of nasal drug delivery in addition to students who are specializing in field of medicine in ENT. This book provides comprehensive information on all the aspects related to the nasal drug delivery of various drug molecules.

This book argues that mathematical challenge can be found at any level and at every age and constitutes an essential characteristic of any mathematics classroom aimed at developing the students¿ mathematical knowledge and skills. Since each mathematics classroom is heterogeneous with respect to students¿ mathematical potential, quality mathematical instruction results from matching the level of mathematical challenge to different students¿ potential. Thus, effective integration of mathematical challenge in the instructional process is strongly connected to the equity principle of mathematics education. In the three sections in this volume readers can find diverse views on mathematical challenges in curriculum and instructional design, kinds and variation of mathematically challenging tasks and collections of mathematical problems. Evidence-based analysis is interwoven with theoretical positions expressed by the authors of the chapters. Cognitive, social and affective characteristicsof challenging mathematical activities are observed and analyzed. The volume opens new avenues of research in mathematics education, and pose multiple questions about mathematical instruction rich in mathematical challenge for all. The authors invite readers to explore and enjoy mathematical challenges at different levels.

This book is a comprehensive source of authoritative information on the subject of ocular and adnexal lymphoma. It is a completely updated edition of its predecessor and is a conjoint effort of ocular oncologists, general oncologists, and pathologists. The book features contributions from around the world to ensure broad coverage of an evolving topic. Chapters cover all aspects of ocular lymphomas, including clinical features, classification, epidemiology, diagnostic evaluation, biopsy techniques, histology and molecular pathology, staging procedures, and treatment methods. The emphasis throughout is on easy readability, and the layout ensures rapid retrieval of information. The book offers a clear distinction of what has been updated in the years since the first edition published, including entirely rewritten or revamped chapters. In order to convey fundamental concepts, numerous tables, clinical photographs, histopathologic microphotographs, and imaging studies (fluorescein and indocyanine angiograms, ultrasonograms, CT scans, and MR images) are included.Ocular and Adnexal Lymphoma strives to cover new developments and innovations in ocular and adnexal lymphoma, providing the clinician with a review and summary of recent research and its implications for clinical practice and explaining how research results impact diagnostics, treatment options and procedures as well as patient management.