Bøker utgitt av Springer International Publishing

This book deals with an original contribution to the hypothetical missing link unifying the two fundamental branches of physics born in the twentieth century, General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics. Namely, the book is devoted to a review of a "covariant approach" to Quantum Mechanics, along with several improvements and new results with respect to the previous related literature. The first part of the book deals with a covariant formulation of Galilean Classical Mechanics, which stands as a suitable background for covariant Quantum Mechanics. The second part deals with an introduction to covariant Quantum Mechanics. Further, in order to show how the presented covariant approach works in the framework of standard Classical Mechanics and standard Quantum Mechanics, the third part provides a detailed analysis of the standard Galilean space-time, along with three dynamical classical and quantum examples. The appendix accounts for several non-standard mathematical methods widely used in the body of the book.

Bringing together contributions from leading experts in the field, this book reviews laser processing concepts that allow the structuring of material beyond optical limits, and methods that facilitate direct observation of the underlying mechanisms by exploring direct structuring and self-organization phenomena. The capacity to nanostructure material using ultrafast lasers lays the groundwork for the next generation of flexible and precise material processing tools. Rapid access to scales of 100 nm and below in two and three dimensions becomes a factor of paramount importance to engineer materials and to design innovative functions. To reflect the dynamic nature of the field at all levels from basic science to applications, the book is divided into three parts, Fundamental Processes, Concepts of Extreme Nanostructuring, and Applications, each of which is comprehensively covered. This book will be a useful resource for graduate students and researchers in laser processing, materials engineering, and nanoscience.

This book makes a major contribution to the scholarship on internationalization in higher education by focusing on the perceptions and experiences of the academic profession in a comparative perspective. Drawing from data collected by the Academic Professions in the Knowledge-based Society (APIKS) project, the contributors to this volume are uniquely positioned to explore the impact and implications of internationalization on those who play the central role in the teaching and research functions of higher education: the professoriate.The core chapters address issues such as the roles of gender, discipline, and career stage in the international activities of academics in different countries, national differences in the perceptions and behaviors of university faculty in the internationalization of teaching, and of research within higher education systems on the perceptions and behaviors of academics. Each of these chapters draw on the existing research literature in these thematic areas as a foundation for the systematic analysis of the international APIKS dataset to illuminate and discuss key findings.This book offers a highly original and unique contribution to the study of internationalization in higher education because its editors and contributors, as participants in the APIKS project, have been able to raise and address key research questions using comparative international empirical data on the academic profession that has never before been available. Given the tremendous importance of internationalization and the global dimension of higher education, this volume offers unique, distinctive insights on the implications of internationalization for the academic profession and the very different ways in which these transformations are understood by academics both within and between systems.

This book presents a selection of peer-reviewed contributions on the latest developments in time series analysis and forecasting, presented at the 7th International Conference on Time Series and Forecasting, ITISE 2021, held in Gran Canaria, Spain, July 19-21, 2021. It is divided into four parts. The first part addresses general modern methods and theoretical aspects of time series analysis and forecasting, while the remaining three parts focus on forecasting methods in econometrics, time series forecasting and prediction, and numerous other real-world applications. Covering a broad range of topics, the book will give readers a modern perspective on the subject.The ITISE conference series provides a forum for scientists, engineers, educators and students to discuss the latest advances and implementations in the foundations, theory, models and applications of time series analysis and forecasting. It focuses on interdisciplinary research encompassing computer science, mathematics,statistics and econometrics.

This book deals concisely and coherently with various issues related to electroacoustic waves in piezoelectric layered composites.Starting with the basic linear equations and relations of electromagnet elasticity of homogeneous anisotropic piezoelectric media, the book considers the conditions for possible field or partial conjugation of physical and mechanical fields at the junction of two homogeneous media with geometrically homogeneous surfaces. The variety of electromechanical boundary conditions and the separation of plane and anti-plane fields of elastic deformation in homogeneous piezoelectric crystals are discussed.Then, the statements of the electroacoustic problem in piezo textures are studied and a layered piecewise-homogeneous piezoelectric waveguide is introduced, with non-acoustic contact between different piezoelectric layers.Non-acoustic contact between different piezoelectric layers can lead to the propagation of a hybrid of electroactive waves of plane and anti-plane elastic deformations.In the last part of the book, the problem of controlling electroacoustic waves in a waveguide is formulated. A method for solving problems of control of electroacoustic waves by non-contact surface action is proposed.

AI-Powered IoT in the Energy Industry: Digital Technology and Sustainable Energy Systems looks at opportunities to employ cutting-edge applications of artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and Machine Learning (ML) in designing and modeling energy and renewable energy systems. The book's main objectives are to demonstrate how big data can help with energy efficiency and demand reduction, increase the usage of renewable energy sources, and assist in transitioning from a centralized system to a distributed, efficient, and embedded energy system. Contributions cover the fundamentals of the renewable energy sector, including solar, wind, biomass, and hydrogen, as well as building services and power generation systems. Chapters also examine renewable energy property prediction methods and discuss AI and IoT prediction models for biomass thermal properties.¿Covers renewable energy sector fundamentals;Explains the application of big data in distributed energy domains;Discusses AI and IoT prediction methods and models.

This book introduces and discusses the self-adjoint extension problem for symmetric operators on Hilbert space. It presents the classical von Neumann and Krein¿Vishik¿Birman extension schemes both in their modern form and from a historical perspective, and provides a detailed analysis of a range of applications beyond the standard pedagogical examples (the latter are indexed in a final appendix for the reader¿s convenience).Self-adjointness of operators on Hilbert space representing quantum observables, in particular quantum Hamiltonians, is required to ensure real-valued energy levels, unitary evolution and, more generally, a self-consistent theory. Physical heuristics often produce candidate Hamiltonians that are only symmetric: their extension to suitably larger domains of self-adjointness, when possible, amounts to declaring additional physical states the operator must act on in order to have a consistent physics, and distinct self-adjoint extensions describe different physics.Realising observables self-adjointly is the first fundamental problem of quantum-mechanical modelling.The discussed applications concern models of topical relevance in modern mathematical physics currently receiving new or renewed interest, in particular from the point of view of classifying self-adjoint realisations of certain Hamiltonians and studying their spectral and scattering properties. The analysis also addresses intermediate technical questions such as characterising the corresponding operator closures and adjoints. Applications include hydrogenoid Hamiltonians, Dirac¿Coulomb Hamiltonians, models of geometric quantum confinement and transmission on degenerate Riemannian manifolds of Grushin type, and models of few-body quantum particles with zero-range interaction.Graduate students and non-expert readers will benefit from a preliminary mathematical chapter collecting all the necessary pre-requisites on symmetric and self-adjoint operators on Hilbert space (including the spectral theorem), and from a further appendix presenting the emergence from physical principles of the requirement of self-adjointness for observables in quantum mechanics.

This book provides the first comprehensive, historically based, philosophical interpretations of two texts of Thomas Percival¿s professional ethics in medicine set in the context of his intellectual biography. Preceded by his privately published and circulated Medical Jurisprudence of 1794, Thomas Percival (1740-1804) published Medical Ethics in 1803, the first book thus titled in the global histories of medicine and medical ethics. From his days as a student at the Warrington Academy and the medical schools of the universities of Edinburgh and Leyden, Percival steeped himself in the scientific method of Francis Bacon (1561-1626). McCullough shows how Percival became a Baconian moral scientist committed to Baconian deism and Dissent. Percival also drew on and significantly expanded the work of his predecessor in professional ethics in medicine, John Gregory (1724-1773). The result is that Percival should be credited with co-inventing professionalism in medicine with Gregory. To aid and encourage future scholarship, this book brings together the first time three essential Percival texts, Medical Jurisprudence, Medical Ethics, and Extracts from the Medical Ethics of Dr. Percival of 1823, the bridge from Medical Ethics to the 1847 Code of Medical Ethics on the American Medical Association. To support comparative reading, this book provides concordances of Medical Jurisprudence to Medical Ethics and of Medical Ethics to Extracts. Finally, this book includes the first Chronology of Percival¿s life and works.

This book is an applications-oriented text designed for individuals who desire a hands-on approach to analyzing the effects of fiscal and monetary policies. Significantly updated for the fourth edition, the text provides an understanding of the global economy in the wake of the COVID crisis, discussing topics such as pandemic related supply and demand-side shocks, the role of Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) in financing COVID rescue plans, the effect of the US, India, Eurozone and China's post-COVID economies on emerging and transitioning economies, and the resurgence of inflation. This edition includes deeper coverage on the issue of budget deficit sustainability and on trade wars, especially in a global context, and revisits the life cycles of speculative asset price (SAP) bubbles, especially in the housing markets and in SPACs. The fourth edition contains several brand-new cases and media articles that are carefully positioned to relate explicitly to theory, and to look ahead to and preempt global macro situations and polices in the years to come. MBA students and Executive MBA students who appreciate the importance of monetary and fiscal analysis will find this text to be right on target. Financial analysts and individual investors who need to strip away economic myths and jargon and systematically examine and understand the effects of macro policies on variables such as inflation, output, employment and interest rates, will also find the book extremely useful.

The patent system is based on "one-patent-per-product" presumption and therefore fails to sustain complex follow-on innovations that contain a number of patents. The book explains that follow-on innovations may be subject to market failures such as hold-ups and excessive royalties. For decades, scholars have debated whether the market problems can be solved with voluntary licensing i.e., open innovation, or with compulsory liability rules. The book concludes that neither approach is sufficient. On the one hand, incentives to engage in open innovation practices involving patents are insufficient. On the other hand, the existing compulsory liability rules in patent and competition law are not tailored to address follow-on innovator's interests. To transcend this problem, the author proposes a compulsory liability rule against the suppression of follow-on innovation, that paradoxically, fosters early-on voluntary licensing between patent holders and follow-on innovators. The book is aimed at patent and competition law scholars and practitioners, patent attorneys, managers, engineers and economists who either engage in open innovation involving patents or conduct research on the topic. It also offers insights to policy and law-makers reviewing the possibilities to foster open innovation initiatives or adapt the scope of patent remedies or employ compulsory licenses for patents.

This book shows how a conventional multi-layered approach can be used to control a snake robot on a desired path while moving on a flat surface. To achieve robustness to unknown variations in surface conditions, it explores various adaptive robust control methods.The authors propose a sliding-mode control approach designed to achieve robust maneuvering for bounded uncertainty with a known upper bound. The control is modified by addition of an adaptation law to alleviate the overestimation problem of the switching gain as well as to circumvent the requirement for knowledge regarding the bounds of uncertainty. The book works toward non-conservativeness, achieving efficient tracking in the presence of slowly varying uncertainties with a specially designed framework for time-delayed control. It shows readers how to extract superior performance from their snake robots with an approach that allows robustness toward bounded time-delayed estimation errors. The book also demonstrates how the multi-layered control framework can be simplified by employing differential flatness for such a system. Finally, the mathematical model of a snake robot moving inside a uniform channel using only side-wall contact is discussed. The model has further been employed to demonstrate adaptive robust control design for such a motion.Using numerous illustrations and tables, Adaptive Robust Control for Planar Snake Robots will interest researchers, practicing engineers and postgraduate students working in the field of robotics and control systems.

This book is a comprehensive reference on ancient Egyptian astronomy, one of the most important topics in historical astronomy. Written by two recognized specialists¿one an astronomer trained in Egyptology and the other an Egyptologist trained in astronomy¿it synthesizes and analyses the international body of research surrounding this ancient culture.The chapters in this work address all major topics in the field, including Egyptian cosmogony and worldview, timekeeping devices and calendars, landscapes and skyscapes, astronomy-influenced architecture, chronology and more. Each chapter includes an introduction, an overview of the existing documentation on the subject, a critical discussion of ongoing debates and questions, and a presentation of state-of-the-art research.Straddling the line between Egyptology and astronomy, this multidisciplinary book will appeal to any scholar or specialist interested in studying ancient Egyptianastronomy.

The Academy of International Business (UK and Ireland Chapter)Published in association with the UK and Ireland Chapter of the Academy of International Business. This book presents the main trends in International Business, with special emphasis on how these trends can shape and help propel the field forward. Covering a variety of timely topics, from AI to the belt and road initiative, the book enhances our understanding of how and why technology, funding, policies, managerial decisions, cultural differences, and changes in subsidiaries can affect businesses that operate in foreign markets. A valuable resource for scholars and students in international business, this book provides fresh perspectives into the changing global business environment.

Archaeological and anthropological investigations of depictions seldom extend beyond a single culture or a single geographical location, although there is a powerful factor common to all depictions, the factor of human perception. In this volume an attempt is made to show how this factor affects both creation and recognition of depictions, how, in common with everyday vision of the environment, typical contours are derived and used, not merely to depict individually readily recognisable models, but also how by concatenation they lead to such a splendid figure as Australian Kakadu crocodiles, or by distortion to creation of illusions of pictorial depth, such as is evoked by Leonardo da Vinci¿s perspective and by inverted (Byzantine) perspective thought by some to be an aberration. Bartel¿s studies show that pictorial depth is often achieved to the artist¿s, and many a viewer¿s, but not to geometer¿s satisfaction by partial distortion, and Chinese masterpieces embody, side by side, ¿normal¿ and inverted perspective.The visual process is universally uniform (if it were not, one would not be able to recognise an Altamira bison as a bison) and its foibles can be freely exploited.Its best known exploiter is probably Cezanne. His pictures are admired by many and puzzle many. Strzemi¿ski postulated that they compound distinct lines of sight, thus endorsing primacy of central vision, a concept thought by Gombrich to be of greater import to geometers than to artists.