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This book presents an empirical examination of consent-seeking among Pashtun Muslims in the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), to determine whether cultural norms and beliefs have largely come to diverge from the principles of consent in Islamic law and jurisprudence. Is culture part of the 'inevitable decay' to which Max Müller says every religion is exposed? Or - if rephrased in terms of the research encapsulated within this book - are cultural beliefs and practises the inevitable decay to which Islam has been exposed in Muslim societies?Drawing on interviews with Muslims in Pakistan and Australia, the research broadly broaches questions around the rights of women in Islam and contributes to a wider understanding of Muslim social, cultural, and religious practices in both Muslim majority nations and diaspora communities. The author disentangles cultural practices from both religious and universal legal principles, demonstrating how consent seeking in Pashtun culture generally does not reflect the spirit or the intent of consent as described in Hanafi law and jurisprudence. This research will be of interest to students and scholars across sociology, anthropology, socio-legal studies, and law, with a focus on Islamically-justified law reform in Muslim nation states.

The second edition comprehensively reviews the wide field of rare pulmonary diseases. Issues such as less common diseases affecting the airways, systematic disorders with lung involvement, interstitial lung diseases, and many other orphan conditions of the lungs are explored in this book. The progress and advances made in the field and the limited number of patients presenting each condition makes it very difficult for clinicians to be up-to-date in this field. Readers will discover how to diagnose and manage these rare orphan diseases. Orphan Lung Diseases: A Clinical Guide to Rare Lung Disease is a practical, informative book written by a team of international authors with much experience in rare pulmonary diseases Orphan Lung Diseases: A Clinical Guide to Rare Lung Disease, second edition provides synthesized and easily accessible information about the main orphan lung diseases, to aid clinicians in charge of patients with rare disease,or who consider the diagnosis of a rare disease in their patient. It is a practical, informative guide written by a team of international experienced authors in rare pulmonary diseases.

This text describes a comprehensive adjoint sensitivity analysis methodology (C-ASAM), developed by the author, enabling the efficient and exact computation of arbitrarily high-order functional derivatives of model responses to model parameters in large-scale systems. The model¿s responses can be either scalar-valued functionals of the model¿s parameters and state variables (as customarily encountered, e.g., in optimization problems) or general function-valued responses, which are often of interest but are currently not amenable to efficient sensitivity analysis. The C-ASAM framework is set in linearly increasing Hilbert spaces, each of state-function-dimensionality, as opposed to exponentially increasing parameter-dimensional spaces, thereby breaking the so-called ¿curse of dimensionality¿ in sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. The C-ASAM applies to any model; the larger the number of model parameters, the more efficient the C-ASAM becomes for computing arbitrarily high-order response sensitivities. The text includes illustrative paradigm problems which are fully worked-out to enable the thorough understanding of the C-ASAM¿s principles and their practical application. The book will be helpful to those working in the fields of sensitivity analysis, uncertainty quantification, model validation, optimization, data assimilation, model calibration, sensor fusion, reduced-order modelling, inverse problems and predictive modelling. It serves as a textbook or as supplementary reading for graduate course on these topics, in academic departments in the natural, biological, and physical sciences and engineering.This Volume Three, the third of three, covers systems that are nonlinear in the state variables, model parameters and associated responses. The selected illustrative paradigm problems share these general characteristics. A separate Volume One covers systems that are linear in the state variables.

Peter Carey: The Making of a Global Novelist recounts Peter Carey¿s literary career from his emergence in the Australian literary scene as a contributor to local literary magazines to when he published his fiction exclusively with large conglomerate publishers. As Australiäs most decorated author for a period nearing half a century, Carey¿s career gives unparalleled insights into the global contemporary publishing and the making of global literary prestige from the periphery, and significant cultural currency for Australian literature and culture worldwide. Carey¿s fiction is not only a product of the global dynamic in literary publishing of the last quarter of the twentieth century, but also it holds something of its productive tension for Australian writing and writers. Allahyari retraces the fraught synthesis of an individual literary proclivity with a growing commercial cultural appetite: the coincidence of Carey¿s career with the conglomeration of global publishing pushed further towards anti-elitist, popular aesthetics.

This book offers basic knowledge on Design Thinking as a method, process and philosophy. It presents thoughtful Design Thinking case examples and tools for nurses and other healthcare professionals, researchers, students and educators to support their development as creative and transformative leaders in their fields.Healthcare managers of the past viewed patients¿ needs merely as targets for population-level health outcomes to be validated in the final phases of developing interventions and services. Today we know better. Patients¿ needs and experiences should be viewed as sources of innovation at the front-end of the development process. It provides the basis for applying design thinking to develop better healthcare services and health tech applications.Today, the success of any healthcare service depends on complex interactions between various stakeholders, and new solutions can only be delivered effectively through co-creative and collaborative efforts. Coordinating such efforts relies on strong concepts that can only result from properly run design processes, that this book describes in light of case studies around the world.Design thinking is crucial generalist skill and is receiving increasing attention in the field, as forward-thinking organizations delve into the practice. It can change the way medical solutions are created and how clinical services are delivered. By driving innovation by means of empathy and practicality, design thinking provides tools for those seeking to drive radical renewal in the field.

This book explores how television in the global South is ¿future-proofing¿ its continued relevance, addressing its commercial, social and political viability in a constantly changing information ecosystem. The chapter contributions in the book are drawn from countries in East, South and West Africa, the Middle East and Latin America, specially selected for their illustrative potential of the key issues addressed in the book. Scholarly attention on television in the global South has largely been limited to studying evolving television formats with broader structural issues covered almost entirely by industry reports. Major gaps remain in terms of understanding how television in the global South is changing within the context of the significant technological developments and what this means for television¿s future(s). The chapters reflect on these futures, not in the sense of predicting what these might be, but rather anticipating important areas of intellection. The contributors contend that much of the scholarship on the global South, by scholars from the South, is often stilted by a reluctance to anticipate. This failure leads to a largely reactionary scholarship, constantly oppositional, and unable to recentre conversations on the South. This volume finds intellectual incentive in this urgent need to anticipate, hence its particular focus on television futures. Taking television in the global South as an important cultural and political barometer, the book seeks to explore how television in the global South is adapting to the rampant technological changes and processes of globalisation.

This volume provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in targeting glutamate signaling for the treatment of major psychiatric and neurological disorders. It draws on the latest findings in glutamate neurobiology and offers valuable insights into the application of translational principles in neuroscience drug discovery and development.In each chapter, glutamate as a neurotransmitter, its receptors and transporters, and their interplay with other neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors, are discussed in the context of a specific, highly prevalent and disabling CNS disease. Most recent and detailed information is provided on Ischemic Stroke, Chronic Stress, Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's Dementia, Schizophrenia, Impulsive Aggression, Substance Use Disorders (SUD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Chronic Pain, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's Disease, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Migraine, Epilepsy and Anxiety disorders. Moreover, the book includes an extensive overview of glutamatergic treatments already available on the market, and those which are currently in pharmaceutical drug development pipelines. The primary beneficiaries will be neurology and psychiatry specialists and residents, neuroscientists, neuropharmacologists, pharmaceutical industry and clinical research organization professionals, academics, and clinicians working with psychiatric and neurological patients with comorbidities such as cardiologists, pulmonologists, and endocrinologists. This book will also appeal to psychiatry and neurology subspecialists and clinicians working in neuroscience labs seeking an easy-to-understand yet comprehensive overview of contemporary evidence-based clinical insights backed by basic science (preclinical) research evidence.Given its scope, the book is also a unique and indispensable resource for both preclinical and clinical neuroscientists, medical advisors, and clinical research specialists in the pharmaceutical industry. In addition, it will appeal to neuroscience and neuropsychopharmacology students and guide them through the complexities of glutamate involvement in the pathophysiology of the most common debilitating brain diseases with high unmet medical needs.

This book explores the current state of research on Indigenous education in Australia. In particular, these chapters focus on exploring deep and enduring questions about the failures of schooling to address the needs of Aboriginal communities. This book provides a systematic analysis of existing research to explain how connection to culture - and the recognition of Indigenous sovereignties and knowledges - are the keys to Aboriginal excellence in schooling.

Die Ansicht ¿Es liegt alles in unseren Genen und wir können es nicht ändern¿ hat sich in den letzten 150 Jahren seit Gregor Mendels Experimenten mit blühenden Erbsenpflanzen entwickelt. Es gibt jedoch eine besondere Form der Genetik, die Epigenetik, bei der unsere Gene nicht verändert werden, sondern geregelt wird, wie und wann sie genutzt werden. Unsere Umwelt und Lebensstilentscheidungen beeinflussen die Epigenetik unserer Zellen und Organe, d. h. die Epigenetik verändert sich dynamisch während unseres gesamten Lebens. Wir haben also die Möglichkeit, unsere Epigenetik sowohl positiv als auch negativ zu verändern.In diesem Buch wird auf molekularer Ebene erklärt, wie unser Genom mit Umweltsignalen verbunden ist. Es zeigt auf, dass die epigenetische Programmierung ein Lernprozess ist, der zu einem epigenetischen Gedächtnis in jeder Zelle unseres Körpers führt. Die zentrale Bedeutung der Epigenetik während der Embryogenese und der zellulären Differenzierung sowie beim Alterungsprozess und dem Risiko für die Entstehung von Krebs werden erörtert. Darüber hinaus wird die Rolle des Epigenoms als molekularer Speicher für zelluläre Ereignisse nicht nur im Gehirn, sondern auch in Stoffwechselorganen und im Immunsystem beschrieben.Das Buch ist die Übersetzung des Lehrbuchs ¿Human Epigenetics: How Science Works¿ (ISBN 978-3-030-22907-8) der Autoren. In den ersten fünf Kapiteln werden die molekularen Grundlagen der Epigenetik erläutert, während die folgenden sieben Kapitel Beispiele für die Auswirkungen der Epigenetik auf die menschliche Gesundheit und Krankheit liefern.

This volume is dedicated to Ciro Ciliberto on the occasion of his 70th birthday and contains refereed papers, offering an overview of important parts of current research in algebraic geometry and related research in the history of mathematics. It presents original research as well as surveys, both providing a valuable overview of the current state of the art of the covered topics and reflecting the versatility of the scientific interests of Ciro Ciliberto.

This thesis presents research on novel laboratory-scale synchrotron X-ray sources based on inverse Compton scattering and applications of their X-ray radiation using the Munich Compact Light Source (MuCLS) as an example. It provides an introduction to the theory of this laser-electron interaction, laser resonators and X-ray interactions with matter. On this basis, upgrades to the laser system including the development of a new laser optic, X-ray beam stabilisation and two techniques for fast X-ray energy switching of inverse Compton sources are presented. On the application side, the beamline, designed and developed for the inverse Compton X-ray source at the MuCLS, is described before various techniques and applications are demonstrated at this laboratory-scale synchrotron X-ray facility. Among them are K-edge subtraction imaging, X-ray phase contrast imaging and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Additionally, a new X-ray microscopy technique, called full-field structured-illuminationsuper-resolution X-ray transmission microscopy, is presented.Apart from research conducted at the MuCLS, this thesis contains an in-depth overview on the state of the art of the various types of inverse Compton X-ray sources that have been realised so far. Accordingly, this thesis may serve as a guide and reference work for researchers working with inverse Compton X-ray sources as well as future users of such devices.

The book aim to contribute the latest understandings of physiological, biochemical and molecular bases of the responses of major crop plants to a range of different biomass produced biochar to introduce climate resilience crop varieties which leads to enhanced crop productivity and quality under stressful conditions and also for better utilization of natural resources to ensure food security through modern breeding. Finally, this book will be a valuable resource for future plant stress related research with biochar, and can be considered as a reference book for front-line researchers working on sustaining crop production under climate change.Adverse effects of climate changes on crops has developed the situation quite critical for sustainable agriculture. Food security has become in danger due to low production of agricultural crops by resilient climate and ever increasing human population. Heat, drought, salinity, soil compaction, flooding and poor soil organic carbon induced stress in crops by climate adverse conditions are major concerns in this regard. A mechanistic understanding of the interactions between abiotic stresses response of crops is needed to identify and take advantage of acclimation traits in major crop species as a prerequisite for securing robust yield and good quality. This underpins a need for crops with inherent yield increase, yield stability against multiple abiotic stresses and improved quality. Individual stress tolerance mechanisms have been well documented so far. However, mechanisms behind plants¿ tolerance by application of biochar and its interactions with soil and plant roots towards multiple abiotic stresses are not fully understood. In addition, there will always be some uncertainty associated with modelling the complex relationships between agricultural yields, product quality with biochar under future climate scenarios. Prediction of yield and quality stability, one of mostcomplex agronomic traits, must integrate aspects of plant development, physiology, biochemistry and genetics. Furthermore, the GxExM interactions will complicate the model predications, thus the responses of a given genotype to a defined environment under certain management strategy need to be determined empirically and used to parameterise and refine crop models.

This book deals with the evolution of mathematical thought during the 20th century. Representing a unique point of view combining mathematics, philosophy and history on this issue, it presents an original analysis of key authors, for example Bourbaki, Grothendieck and Husserl. As a product of 19th and early 20th century science, a canon of knowledge or a scientific ideology, mathematical structuralism had to give way. The succession is difficult, still in progress, and uncertain. To understand contemporary mathematics, its progressive liberation from the slogans of "modern mathematics" and the paths that remain open today, it is first necessary to deconstruct the history of this long dominant current. Another conception of mathematical thought emerged in the work of mathematicians such as Hilbert or Weyl, which went beyond the narrow epistemological paths of science in the making. In this tradition, mathematical thought was accompanied by a philosophical requirement. Modernity teaches us to revive it.The book is intended for a varied public: mathematicians concerned with understanding their discipline, philosophers of science, and the erudite public curious about the progress of mathematics.

This volume presents the proceedings of the Joint International Conference of the 13th IFToMM International Symposium on Science of Mechanisms and Machines (SYROM) & the XXV International Conference on Robotics (ROBOTICS), held in Iasi, Romania, on November 17¿18, 2022. It brought together researchers, scientists and industry experts involved in the area of mechanisms, mechanical transmissions, robotics and mechatronics, to disseminate their latest research results and exchange views on the future research directions of these fields. The book presents original high-quality contributions on topics such as theoretical and computational kinematics, mechanism design, experimental mechanics, dynamics of machinery and multi-body systems, mechanisms for biomechanics, mechanical transmissions, linkages and mechanical controls, micromechanisms, serial and parallel robots, mobile and collaborative robots, micro and nano robots, sensors and actuators, medical robots, haptics, and virtual reality.

This volume is the first (I) of four under the main themes of Digitizing Agriculture and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The four volumes cover rapidly developing processes including Sensors (I), Data (II), Decision (III), and Actions (IV). Volumes are related to ¿digital transformation¿ within agricultural production and provision systems, and in the context of Smart Farming Technology and Knowledge-based Agriculture. Content spans broadly from data mining and visualization to big data analytics and decision making, alongside with the sustainability aspects stemming from the digital transformation of farming. The four volumes comprise the outcome of the 12th EFITA Congress, also incorporating chapters that originated from select presentations of the Congress. The focus in this volume is on different aspects of sensors implementation in agricultural production (e.g., types of sensors, parameters monitoring, network types, connectivity, accuracy, reliability, durability, and needs to be covered) and provides variety of information and knowledge in the subject of sensors design, development, and deployment for monitoring agricultural production parameters. The book consists of four (4) Sections. The first section presents an overview on the state-off-the art in sensing technologies applied in agricultural production while the rest of the sections are dedicated to remote sensing, proximal sensing, and wireless sensor networks applications.Topics include: Emerging sensing technologies Soil reflectance spectroscopy LoRa technologies applications in agricultureWireless sensor networks deployment and applications Combined remote and proximal sensing solutions Crop phenology monitoring Sensors for geophysical properties Combined sensing technologies with geoinformation systems

This book provides an introduction to the fundamental theory, practical implementation, and core and emerging applications of the material point method (MPM) and its variants. The MPM combines the advantages of both finite element analysis (FEM) and meshless/meshfree methods (MMs) by representing the material by a set of particles overlaid on a background mesh that serves as a computational scratchpad.The book shows how MPM allows a robust, accurate, and efficient simulation of a wide variety of material behaviors without requiring overly complex implementations. MPM and its variants have been shown to be successful in simulating a large number of high deformation and complicated engineering problems such as densification of foam, sea ice dynamics, landslides, and energetic device explosions, to name a few, and have recently found applications in the movie industry. It is hoped that this comprehensive exposition on MPM variants and their applications will not only provide anopportunity to re-examine previous contributions, but also to re-organize them in a coherent fashion and in anticipation of new advances.Sample algorithms for the solutions of benchmark problems are provided online so that researchers and graduate students can modify these algorithms and develop their own solution algorithms for specific problems. The goal of this book is to provide students and researchers with a theoretical and practical knowledge of the material point method to analyze engineering problems, and it may help initiate and promote further in-depth studies on the subjects discussed.

Engineering and Physical Approaches to Cancer addresses the newest research at this interface between cancer biology and the physical sciences. Several chapters address the mechanobiology of collective and individual cell migration, including experimental, theoretical, and computational perspectives. Other chapters consider the crosstalk of biological, chemical, and physical cues in the tumor microenvironment, including the role of senescence, polyploid giant cells, TGF-beta, metabolism, and immune cells. Further, chapters focus on circulating tumor cells and metastatic colonization, highlighting both bioengineered models as well as diagnostic technologies. Further, this book features the work of emerging and diverse investigators in this field, who have already made impressive cross-disciplinary scientific contributions. This book is designed for a general audience, particularly researchers conversant in cancer biology but less familiar with engineering (and vice-versa). Thus, we envision that this book will be suitable for faculty, postdoctoral fellows, and advanced graduate students across medicine, biological sciences, and engineering. We also anticipate this book will be of interest to medical professionals and trainees, as well as researchers in the pharmaceutical and biomedical device industry.Describes physical aspects of cancer, including collective cell migration, the aberrant tumor microenvironment, circulating tumor cells, and metastatic colonization.First volume available on the topic of physical aspects of cancer

This book contains the most recent results in the area of strongly inhomogeneous composite structures, including layered materials as well as continua with microstructure. This collection of papers mainly arises from the Euromech Colloquium No. 626 on ¿Mechanics of High-Contrast Elastic Composites¿. Focus is set on the peculiar mechanical behaviour caused by adjoining widely different structural elements (high contrast) in terms of material and/or geometrical properties.