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This book offers a unique reference-guide to magnetically controlled shunt reactors. In particular, it focuses on simulating and estimating the efficiency of the application of controlled shunt reactors with different operating principles and design. It offers extensive details on computer simulation and related automatic control systems, and reports on practical case studies. This book, which is based on practical investigations performed by the authors at the Department of Electrical Systems and Networks of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, offers the first comprehensive guide to the operation and design of magnetically controlled shunt reactors. It addresses both researchers and engineers in the field of power systems.

This book examines the emergence of the queen consort in medieval England, beginning with the pre-Conquest era and ending with death of Margaret of France, second wife of Edward I, in 1307. Though many of the figures in this volumes are well known, such as Eleanor of Aquitaine and Eleanor of Castille, the chapters here are unique in the equal consideration given to the tenures of the lesser known consorts, including: Adeliza of Louvain, second wife of Henry I; Margaret of France, wife of Henry the Young King; and even Isabella of Gloucester, the first wife of King John. These innovative and thematic biographies highlight the evolution of the office of the queen and the visible roles that consorts played, which were integral to the creation of the identity of early English monarchy. This volume and its companions reveal the changing nature of English consortship from the Norman Conquest to today.

This book provides an in-depth look on Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) and Early Childhood Education (ECE), two domains where major joint research is needed. By taking stock on theoretical underpinnings, it explores the ideal conditions for early additional language acquisition in preschool contexts through CLIL with a learner-centered approach grounded in developmentally appropriate practices (DEP) and an emphasis on the importance of play, cognition, holistic content adaptation and social-emotional learning. The book also offers a comprehensive view of how this methodological approach has already set a clear path on Pre-primary education internationally. Finally, it offers insights into CLIL pedagogies as related and adapted to Pre-primary education, resources and materials for very young learners and practical implementation from the classroom. By providing a solid empirical background on Pre-primary CLIL, along with appropriate methodological issues and practices, this book serves as a key resource to students, practitioners, academics as well as teacher educators and policy-makers in international contexts.

This monograph explores the potential of blockchain technology to facilitate the transition in the oil and gas (O&G) industry.As the world shifts towards a sustainable energy future, the oil and gas industry faces significant challenges and opportunities. Focusing on the development of a sustainable O&G industry, the book delves into the role of climate and financial markets in the energy sector, applications of blockchain in sustainable energy development, and the challenges of legal and regulatory issues in applying blockchain technology. It provides insight into how the energy industry is already working on reducing carbon emissions and paving the way to a sustainable future with detailed examples of reducing methane emissions, carbon credit markets, sustainable aviation fuels, and plastics. The book also examines how O&G companies could further their sustainability initiatives using blockchain technology for emission data monitoring, carbon capture, utilization, storage, and supply-chain management to develop clean products.

Written by expert researchers, this book covers all the major aspects of research in Jupiter's moon Io, from the interior to its space environment. Io is one of the Solar System¿s most exotic satellites. The book discusses Io's interior, geology, atmosphere, and, in particular, its active volcanism, which was discovered from observations by the Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979, confirming a possibility suggested from theoretical studies based on Iös orbit. Our knowledge of Iös volcanism, composition, and space environment was significantly increased as a result of observations by other spacecrafts, including Galileo.More than a decade after the 1st edition, ¿Io After Galileö, this 2nd edition of the book now includes results obtained by the New Horizons mission and, more recently, Juno. It also presents observational results from ground-based telescopes using adaptive optics having provided resolutions that rival those of spacecraft.The book provides a review of the current status of Io research and gives an outlook to planned future observations. It thus serves as reference for researchers in the field and an introduction for PhD students and newcomers planning to study this exotic Solar System moon.

This book stems from the growing use of learning-based techniques, such as reinforcement learning and adaptive control, in the control of autonomous and safety-critical systems. Safety is critical to many applications, such as autonomous driving, air traffic control, and robotics. As these learning-enabled technologies become more prevalent in the control of autonomous systems, it becomes increasingly important to ensure that such systems are safe. To address these challenges, the authors provide a self-contained treatment of learning-based control techniques with rigorous guarantees of stability and safety. This book contains recent results on provably correct control techniques from specifications that go beyond safety and stability, such as temporal logic formulas. The authors bring together control theory, optimization, machine learning, and formal methods and present worked-out examples and extensive simulation examples to complement the mathematical style of presentation. Prerequisites are minimal, and the underlying ideas are accessible to readers with only a brief background in control-theoretic ideas, such as Lyapunov stability theory.

This book features a collection of high-quality and peer-reviewed papers from 2022 13th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, which was held in Shandong, China, during October 21¿23, 2022. ICEST is held annually as a platform for presentation of new advances and research results in the fields of Environmental Science and Technology. This year, we focus on the theme: Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development. With the continuous development of human society, environmental problems are becoming more and more serious. How to realize the rational use of resources, realize the sustainable development of ecological environment, and protect the environment on which human beings live has become an urgent problem to be solved. Based on the conference theme this year, the presentations include the topical areas of environmental sustainability, environmental restoration, waste minimization, solid waste management, water pollution control, water treatment and reclamation, air pollution control, carbon capture and storage and environmental monitoring, etc.

This book addresses many applications of artificial intelligence in robotics, namely AI using visual and motional input. Robotic technology has made significant contributions to daily living, industrial uses, and medicinal applications. Machine learning, in particular, is critical for intelligent robots or unmanned/autonomous systems such as UAVs, UGVs, UUVs, cooperative robots, and so on. Humans are distinguished from animals by capacities such as receiving visual information, adjusting to uncertain circumstances, and making decisions to take action in a complex system. Significant progress has been made in robotics toward human-like intelligence; yet, there are still numerous unresolved issues. Deep learning, reinforcement learning, real-time learning, swarm intelligence, and other developing approaches such as tiny-ML have been developed in recent decades and used in robotics.Artificial intelligence is being integrated into robots in order to develop advanced robotics capable of performing multiple tasks and learning new things with a better perception of the environment, allowing robots to perform critical tasks with human-like vision to detect or recognize various objects. Intelligent robots have been successfully constructed using machine learning and deep learning AI technology. Robotics performance is improving as higher quality, and more precise machine learning processes are used to train computer vision models to recognize different things and carry out operations correctly with the desired outcome.We believe that the increasing demands and challenges offered by real-world robotic applications encourage academic research in both artificial intelligence and robotics. The goal of this book is to bring together scientists, specialists, and engineers from around the world to present and share their most recent research findings and new ideas on artificial intelligence in robotics.

This unique book addresses the bioinformatic and statistical modelling and also the analysis of microbiome data using cutting-edge QIIME 2 and R software. It covers core analysis topics in both bioinformatics and statistics, which provides a complete workflow for microbiome data analysis: from raw sequencing reads to community analysis and statistical hypothesis testing. It includes real-world data from the authors¿ research and from the public domain, and discusses the implementation of QIIME 2 and R for data analysis step-by-step. The data as well as QIIME 2 and R computer programs are publicly available, allowing readers to replicate the model development and data analysis presented in each chapter so that these new methods can be readily applied in their own research. Bioinformatic and Statistical Analysis of Microbiome Data is an ideal book for advanced graduate students and researchers in the clinical, biomedical, agricultural, and environmental fields, as well as those studying bioinformatics, statistics, and big data analysis.

This book analyzes the linguistic diversity of South America based on approaches deeply rooted in the tradition of formal grammar. The chapters brought together in this contributed volume consider native languages all kinds of languages used in the region, including sign languages, indigenous languages and the romance languages (Portuguese and Spanish) originally introduced by European colonizers which underwent processes of transformation giving rise to new, local grammars. One fourth of the language families of the world are located in South America, but the majority of languages in the region are still understudied and out of the radar of theoretical linguistics mostly because their grammars are not well-known by international researchers. This book aims to fill this gap by bringing together studies rooted in the formal grammar approach first developed by Noam Chomsky, which sees language not only as mere corpora attested in oral and written production, but also asexpressions of systems of thought and language production which are essential parts of human cognition. The book is divided in three parts ¿ sign languages, romance languages and indigenous languages ¿, and brings together studies of the following South American languages: Brazilian Sign Language (Libras - Língua Brasileira de Sinais)Argentinian Sign Language (LSA - Lengua de Señas Argentina)Peruvian Sign Language (LSP- Lengua de Señas Peruana)Brazilian PortugueseChilean and Argentinian SpanishQuechuaParaguayan GuaraniA¿ingaeMacro-Jê languagesFormal Approaches to the Languages of South America will be an invaluable resource both for theoretical linguists and cognitive scientists by providing access to top quality research on understudied languages and enabling these languages to be incorporated into comparative studies that can contribute to advance the knowledge of general principles governing all human languages.

This 2-volume set focuses on adolescent health in the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA), and presents the latest research on the health risk behaviours and social behaviours that adolescents from the MENA region engage in. While there has been a surge in peer-reviewed research publications on population health in the MENA region in the last couple of decades, very few books offer a resource to address the diverse negative influences that disproportionately affect adolescents and children in the MENA region, including increased tobacco consumption culture, low emphasis on physical activity, increased sedentary behaviours, weak health policies, and societal issues related to displacement and political conflicts. These books offer a synthesis of current knowledge on adolescent health issues in the MENA region, and aim to provide evidence-informed adolescent health care practices that address current issues related to mental, physical, reproductive and nutritional health. Volume 1 focuses on mental health in the MENA region, the development and implementation of youth friendly public policies, and how to strategize in the age of COVID-19. The study will aid health care professionals, policy makers, government organizations and health program planners to assess current policies and practices related to adolescent health in the MENA region, and to identify the best courses of action moving forward.

This is the second of two volumes that together provide a global overview of the impact of agriculture on soil degradation, tracing the most critical drivers like the use and abuse of agrochemicals, mechanization, overgrazing, irrigation, slash and burn agriculture, and the use of plastics.Soil degradation caused by agriculture practices is a complex issue which depends on the interaction of social, economic, political, and environmental aspects. In this book, expert contributors elucidate the extension of the effects of agriculture on soil degradation in Europe, a continent with different cultures and political backgrounds that affect agricultural practices. Readers will also find in this book authoritative solutions to minimize the effects of agriculture intensification and land-use in this continent. Divided into 12 chapters, the book offers a European perspective on soil quality and sustainable management, including case studies about the impact of chemical agentslike fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, and soil acidification and microplastics pollution in agriculture practices from countries such as Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, Germany, Portugal and Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and Ukraine. Given the breadth and depth of its coverage, the book offers an invaluable source of information for researchers, students and environmental managers alike.Chapter ¿Agricultural Land Degradation in the Czech Republic¿ is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Dogs are a valued part of millions of households worldwide. They also serve many functions in human societies from herding livestock to detecting drugs, explosives, or illegal wildlife to providing physical assistance or emotional support to those in need. Yet, in terms of behavior and cognition, dogs have only become a serious subject of scientific study in the last 20 years. Similarly, we have recently witnessed a sharp increase in studies of canine-human interaction, exploring the motivational, emotional, cognitive, physiological, and neural mechanisms of dogs on human psychology and well-being. This book is a collection of chapters stemming from the Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, which focused on Canine Cognition and the Human Bond. The primary goal of this symposium was to bring together researchers from psychology, biology, neuroscience, and anthropology to delve deeper into the canine-human bond. These chapters describe the current state of knowledge from international experts in the fields of canine cognition and canine-human interaction. Bridging these two areas can help us better understand the canine-human bond, potentially improving the lives of both dogs and people.

This book presents an intellectual history and theoretical exploration of black humanism since the civil rights era. Humanism is a human-centered approach to life that considers human beings to be responsible for the world and its course of history. Both the heavily theistic climate in the United States as well as the dominance of the Black Church are responsible for black humanism¿s existence in virtual oblivion. For those who believe the world to be one without supernatural interventions, human action matters greatly and is the only possible mode for change. Humanists are thus committed to promoting the public good through human effort rather than through faith. Black humanism originates from the lived experiences of African Americans in a white hegemonic society. Viewed from this perspective, black humanist cultural expressions are a continuous push to imagine and make room for alternative life options in a racist society. Alexandra Hartmann counters religion¿s hegemonic grasp and uncovers black humanism as a small yet significant tradition in recent African American culture and cultural politics by studying its impact on African American literature and the ensuing anti-racist potentials. The book demonstrates that black humanism regards subjectivity as embodied and is thus a worldview that is characterized by a fragile hope regarding the possibility of progress ¿ racial and otherwise ¿ in the country.

Renewable Energy Integration for Bulk Power Systems: ERCOT and the Texas Interconnection looks at the practices and changes introduced in the Texas electric grid to facilitate renewable energy integration. It offers an informed perspective on solutions that have been successfully demonstrated, tested, and validated by the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) to meet the key challenges which engineers face in integrating increased levels of renewable resources into existing electric grids while maintaining reliability. Coverage includes renewable forecasting, ancillary services, and grid and market operations. Proved methods and their particular use scenarios, including wind, solar, and other resources like batteries and demand response, are also covered. The book focuses on a real-world context that will help practicing engineers, utility providers, and researchers understand the practical considerations for developing renewable integration solutions and inspire the future development of more innovative strategies and theoretical underpinnings.

This book argues that domestic politics and political pressures determine the extent of the U.S. role in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) from the emergence of containment strategy against the Soviet Union to the Russian war in Ukraine. NATO has evolved in the domestic politics of U.S. foreign policy from a conventional military alliance to contain the Soviet Union during the Cold War to an important instrument in the competition against China and Russia. This book examines American domestic political implications of U.S. security commitments to NATO. It adopts a historical approach and places the U.S. foreign policy toward NATO on the domestic level of analysis by highlighting domestic political determinants in the foreign policymaking process. It also highlights the connections between the Biden Administration¿s definition of a struggle between democracy and autocracy and the state of American democracy following the January 6th insurrection by far-right Trump extremists. U.S. These include the evolution of American attitudes towards NATO, societal and economic factors, and entrenched bureaucratic interests shaping U.S. foreign policy. The book incorporates the contributions of major theoretical works on the domestic political factors that shape foreign policy preferences and behavior to understand the extent to which domestic politics influences the historical evolution of the U.S. role in NATO and American foreign policy toward Europe.

This book serves as a comprehensive resource for all candidates preparing for the Clinical Assessment of Skills and Competencies (CASC) examination, component of the MRCPsych exams for Psychiatrists. It includes over a 100 scenarios encompassing the breadth of commonly encountered clinical assessments that could feature as CASC exam stations. Key points, buzz words and phrases that are relevant to the station are clearly highlighted. The focus in each station is on communication and maintaining a structured approach which is essential to ensure every aspect relevant to a station is covered in the 7 minutes and adheres to the CASC exam blueprint of the RCPsych. This volume is an essential tool for all core trainees in Psychiatry, general practice trainees, specialty/staff grade doctors in Psychiatry and international medical graduates preparing for the CASC exam.

This book is a state of the art resource that robotics researchers and engineers can use to make their robots and autonomous vehicles smarter. Readers will be able to describe metareasoning, select an appropriate metareasoning approach, and synthesize metareasoning policies. Metareasoning for Robots adopts a systems engineering perspective in which metareasoning is an approach that can improve the overall robot or autonomous system, not just one component or subsystem. This book introduces key concepts, discusses design options for metareasoning approaches and policies, and presents approaches for testing and evaluation of metareasoning policies. After considering the conceptual design phase, it discusses how to implement metareasoning in the robot¿s software architecture and how to synthesize metareasoning policies. Every chapter has references to valuable works on robotics and metareasoning, and the book uses examples from the author¿s own research andfrom other research groups to illustrate these ideas. In addition, this book provides links to books and papers for readers who wish to investigate these topics further.

This volume provides an overview of the state of the art of research on the politics of higher education policy in Canada, the US, and Western Europe. Each thematic chapter combines an extensive literature review with original empirical work that further advances our understanding of policymaking dynamics in higher education.The book covers five key aspects of policymaking, namely the politics of governance as well as funding reforms, the role of interest groups, policy diffusion, and policy framing. These aspects are explored using a unique comparative design that combines comparisons within as well as between regions, and among the five key aspects of policymaking. The conceptual framework is anchored in approaches from institutional theory, namely sociological and historical institutionalism.¿This rare book coherently focuses on the same critical challenges that higher education faces in a changing global and national environment. These include vital governance and finance issues and how these are framed and contested by different organizations and interest groups as well as state actors. Within a broad institutionalist framework that reflects the tensions between historical university and national legacies on the one hand and regional and global influences on the other, the authors focus on policymaking in Western Europe, Canada, and the US. This is an engaging and creative endeavor, a must-read for scholars and policymakers alike.¿Francisco O. Ramirez, Graduate School of Education Stanford University¿This is a real achievement that will contribute to the development of research in politics of higher education policy, finance, and economic development. It is timely in an era when higher learning is increasingly salient to national policy, interest groups, and supranational bodies such as the EU. The focus on Canada, the US, and Europe frames a comparative approach to a competitive higher educational policy arena thathas not received systematic study."Sheila Slaughter, Louise McBee Institute of Higher Education, University of Georgia¿This fills a gaping hole in research on the politics of higher education. In bringing together research perspectives from governance studies with comparative public policy as well as scholars from Europe and Northern America, this volume will serve as an important reference point for a rapidly growing research field. The exceptionally high quality of editorship is documented by the fact that the chapters are convincingly subsumed under five sub-themes. In short: A must-read for any researcher and student interested in understanding the political foundations of higher education.¿Marius R. Busemeyer, Department of Politics and Public Administration, University of Konstanz

As an organization operating under extreme conditions, the military is often confronted with destructive behavior from individuals, organizations, and societies. Written by experts from a variety of disciplines, this open access book reflects on confrontations with violence under extreme conditions and the various challenges that arise.By examining real first-hand accounts of soldiers¿ deployments, the contributions shed new light on the multifaceted and sometimes hidden dynamics of destructive violent behavior and offer an ethical reflection on military practices. In addition, they address topics such as moral decision-making in violent contexts, military trauma, organizational change, and military ethics education.The interdisciplinary exploration of these topics has been the primary focus of Désirée Verweij, who was the Chair of Military Ethics at the Netherlands Defence Academy from 2008 to 2021. The contributions in this book are written in honor of her scholarlyachievements and help to ensure that these important issues continue to receive attention. The book will appeal to scholars of military studies, organizational studies and military ethics, and to professionals and decisionmakers in military organizations.

Much of the final shaping of the global landscape is accomplished by incision of river networks. The base-level is a principle determinate controlling the global relief by processes of erosion and aggradation. In the populated world, entrenchments triggered by base-level changes may become devastating events, damaging agricultural lands, undercutting bridges and destroying roads.The aim of this book, as a chapter in fluviomorphology, is to present the base-level control when active in the continental interior, unrelated to marine base-level fluctuations along the continental margins nor to sequence stratigraphic tract models in Exxon sequence stratigraphic sense. The focus is on the morphology and the gross trends of the processes controlling channel evolution through transient signals initiated by base-level changes and communicated upstream through the drainage network.The book brings together principles and conclusions gained by field work, by laboratory studies and by models, based on the widely scattered literature. The chapters include presentation of different types of base-levels, discussing the constraints of their altitude, the degradation and aggradation responses, the temporal and spatial trends along the channel network, the controlling factors, the knickpoint transient retreat process and its rates. Special emphasis is given to the Dead Sea Rift following its extreme base-level conditions which make it a unique field laboratory.This book is relevant to students in earth sciences as well as to planners, hydrologists and engineers dealing with geomorphology and surface drainage.

Anterior hip replacement is a surgical approach that has dramatically changed the landscape of modern hip replacement. The approach is common to orthopedic trauma surgery, but it has been rapidly adopted in recent years for hip replacement as well. Its proposed benefits as a muscle-sparing surgery include less tissue trauma, faster recovery, and fewer hip precautions. While the technique can be challenging during initial learning and early adoption, the approach continues to increase in utilization in the U.S. every year because of these benefits. Understanding the initial development of the anterior surgical approach for hip replacement creates the foundation to better understand its modern clinical benefits and possibilities with advanced techniques. Furthermore, a detailed description of the reasoning behind the continued developments of the anterior approach helps in understanding the key elements needed to obtain the most successful outcomes.With the continued adoption of this technically challenging technique, there is a need for a comprehensive resource for newly adopting surgeons and surgeons in training, but also for experienced surgeons looking to enhance their skill sets. Written by experts in the field, this book presents the tips and tricks learned after years of experience by a wide spectrum of surgeons. Parts 1 and 2 describe the origin and background of the anterior approach for hip replacement, with early lessons learned, important tips when training others, and how to master the operating table and c-arm. Parts 3 and 4 cover hip biomechanics and variations on techniques and technologies, respectively, while part 5 is a unique compilation of surgeons' perspectives on managing common aspects of the approach. Revision surgery is described in part 6, and future directions for the technique are discussed in part 7, along with emerging navigation and technologies.Every year, there is an increasing number of orthopedic surgeons learning and adopting the anterior hip approach who would benefit from the resources in this book, which will serve as a critical learning tool for training surgeons and also as the go-to reference for optimizing current use and advancing future possibilities of the approach.