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This book proposes ways to make construction project incentive schemes effective. In this book, construction incentivization is used as a collective term that includes all forms of incentive arrangements aiming to engender extra effort of the contracting parties for the improvement of project performance. This book addresses two questions: i) why so many construction incentive schemes are not delivering the desired outcome? and ii) what will make incentive works under different circumstances? This book contributes to the body of knowledge in construction incentivization by offering conceptualization, showcases and practice suggestions including guidelines for the planning of construction incentive schemes.

This book analyses international Green Infrastructure (GI) planning and design strategies. The GI strategy is widely recognized for its multifunctionality (as a tool for ecological, economic and social enhancement) and multiscalarity. Starting from this assumption, the book intends to implement the concept of GI and blue networks in planning strategies and their linked urban projects. New urban and regional paradigms of the latest years, such as urban sprawl, ecosystem services, biodiversity, urban resilience, climate change and health emergencies, have made it necessary to rethink cities and territories and their related plans and projects. To satisfy these paradigms, worldwide plans and projects have started to focus both on short-term and long-term processes and strategies which integrate environmental, landscape and ecological elements. Chapters 1 and 6 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book is the first of its kind to offer a new definition of contemporary management. It uses Michel Henry¿s philosophy and takes the real, sensitive and pathetic subjectivity of individuals as the starting point of the analysis as opposed to the usual large categories of representations; resources; images; and discourses. This book thus proposes to rethink management by insisting on the dialectic of strength and vulnerability; its power of constraint, imitation and imagination; and finally its framework of action situated in a fourfold concern for the self, for people, for institutions and for the environment. These different notions are useful in order to experience a deeper understanding of management that is free from the obsolescence of the distant recommendations of ancient protomanagement and the outdated and dubious prescriptions of the so-called ¿scientific management¿.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the African air transport market from a strategic management perspective.Drawing on well-grounded theories, research applications and real-world case studies, it examines competition dynamics, interconnectivity, the growth of low-cost carriers, and demand patterns in air transport for both passenger and cargo traffic. It also presents an expert analysis on the introduction of the Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM), made possible by the liberalization of the air transport market, from a regulatory perspective. Based on the results of the analysis, the book evaluates both the benefits and limitations of an open skies agreement. Furthermore, it shed lights on the challenges and complexities of African public infrastructure investments and airport financing, discusses the impact of COVID-19, and provides strategic recommendations for airlines.The book is aimed at professionals in aviation and airline industries and students interested in the African air transport market.

This book provides a basic understanding and state-of-the-art of urban metabolism. Urban centres are increasingly challenged by population increase and the resultant environmental concerns including the urban sprawl and climate change. Different patterns of urbanization contribute to the changing climate via. differences in their urban metabolism represented by energy and matter. Urban metabolic studies in terms of energy and material inflows, outflows, and stocks can be associated with traditional evaluation techniques to help assess the magnitude and potential effects of variety of environmental challenges the world is facing today. Urban centres are critical real time observatories that indicate the impact anthropogenic activities have on global biogeochemical cycles. Urban processes have significant and lasting impacts on the global carbon budget. The technological and infrastructural advancements have fuelled an increase in urban inputs and outputs of material and energy. Therefore, more sustainable approaches need to be adopted in changing scenarios for urban planning, particularly for sustainable resource utilization and better waste management practices. The book emphasises on the sustainability in urban metabolism, sustainable urban planning, ecosystem services, and disaster resilience to provide an interdisciplinary understanding of urban metabolism. The book also identifies an urgent need to develop new methodological approaches for real time and reliable evaluation of urban metabolism.

The ingestion of gluten in the human diet can lead to gastrointestinal disorders such as celiac disease, allergy to wheat and non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Currently the best treatment is the strict adherence to a diet without sources of prolamins and gliadins (wheat), secalin (rye) and hordein (barley). Several studies have revealed that a gluten-free diet may lead to nutrient deficiencies. Therefore, the formulation of gluten-free foods, particularly those related to cereals, is a major challenge. A great effort has been put into improved technological and nutritional aspects of gluten-free cereal products, as evidenced by the large amount of research published in journal articles. Thus far there has been no compilation of this up-to-date research which would lead to better implementation of healthy gluten-free products with improved technological and sensorial properties. Designing Gluten Free Bakery and Pasta Products provides a tool for designing gluten-free bakery and pasta products taking into account the most up-to-date advances and knowledge of gluten-related disorders , extensively covering both traditional and non-traditional gluten-free raw materials and bakery and pasta processes. This book will be particularly useful for food scientists and technologists developing gluten-free bakery and pasta products, plus physicians and nutritionists working with patients with gluten related diseases. This book covers new native/seasonal ingredients that improve the nutritional profile of baked goods, shelf life and starch retrogradation during storage, gluten-free edible film/toppings application, biotechnological pre-treatments of gluten-free flours and ingredients to enhance their technological/nutritional functionality, baked goods with spontaneous fermentation, sourdough from yeasts vs LAB present in gluten-free flours and effects on technological, nutritional and sensory characteristics. All these aspects were extensively discussed in this work, plus it provides a fully up-to-date studies on gluten-related health disorders and summarizes the main research advances in gluten-free product development and their market-related and industrial impact. This novel approach makes this book a unique and highly valuable resource for those on the forefront of gluten-free foods application.

Climate change is the defining challenge of our time. While political leadership and scientific expertise are key, law has a major role to play in fashioning responses. Volume 13 of the EYIEL assesses central aspects of the legal regimes governing "Climate Change and Liability". Covering traditional trade and investment topics as well EU instruments regulating private actors, contributions reflect the diverse links between international economic law and climate change. Through a mix of foundational inquiries and coverage of current issues (such as climate change litigation), the volume offers a rich and nuanced account of international economic law in an era of "Climate Change and Liability".

This volume provides both practicing and aspiring Language Program Administrators with knowledge about the research and theory that underpin key topics in educational leadership, as well as practical guidance for the day-to-day management of language programs, including budgets, personnel, decision making, strategic planning, advocacy, and digital technologies. The volume brings together 46 authors and contributors with a vast array of experiences as administrators of English language teaching programs all over the world¿in Asia; Australia; Europe; the Middle East; New Zealand; North, Central, and South America; South Africa; Turkey; and the United Kingdom.As the need for more qualified administrators and leaders has increased, more teacher education programs have added formal courses on leadership and program administration to their offerings. Educators teaching these courses will find this volume to be an excellent core text to support students in developing their knowledge of and skills for language program administration.All chapters are connected to the contemporary realities of language program administration, and they offer practical guidance to Language Program Administrators in ways that are adaptable to different administrative contexts globally.

This book reviews Dante Bini¿s inventions and designs, focusing on his form-resistant Binishell and other pneumatic construction systems. Dante Bini¿s double profile of architect and builder underpins the narrative of the entire book. It is used to analyse the evolution of the early reinforced-concrete Binishell patent into a variety of automated construction systems based on the use of air. Dante Bini has always been quite proactive in promoting his work and disseminating the results of his experimentations and achievements via journal articles, conference presentations and public talks; promotional brochures in multiple languages were also prepared to export and license his patents in various countries, from Italy to the Americas and Australia. Despite this, a rigorous study of Dante Bini¿s work is still unavailable, and the relevance of this figure to contemporary architecture has yet to be discussed comprehensively. This book fills in this gap and arrives at the right time: during the last two decades, there has been an exponential interest in shell and spatial structures, particularly concerning the use of complex geometries and innovative construction techniques.This book will be of interest to academics in architectural design, theory and construction history, and practitioners and students interested in expanding their knowledge in the design and construction of shell and spatial structures.

This volume presents recent advances and current knowledge in the field of supramolecular assemblies based on electrostatic interactions. The flexibility and simplicity of constructing assemblies is explained via several examples, illustrations, figures, case studies, and historical perspectives. Moreover, as there is an increasing demand for the use of theoretical and computational models of the interaction strengths for assisting with the experimental studies, one chapter specifically focuses on the "e;modelling'' of supramolecular assemblies. Finally, various aspects of the recent advances of the field as well as potential future opportunities are discussed, with the goal being to stimulate critical discussions among the community and to encourage further discovery. This volume aims to inspire and guide fellow scientists and students working in this field and thus it provides a great tool for all researchers, graduates and professionals specializing on the topic.

The lack of effective DC fault protection technology remains a major barrier for the DC paradigm shift. In addressing the key challenges, Direct Current Fault Protection: Basic Concepts and Technology Advances starts with an introduction to the advantages of DC power systems before moving on to an in-depth review of DC fault protection technologies, including mechanical circuit breaker (MCB), solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB), hybrid circuit breaker (HCB), converter based (breakerless) protection, and fault current limiter (FCL). Coverage includes a comprehensive comparison of various DC fault interruption technologies and their suitable applications, state-of-the-art DC fault protection concepts and advances in research, identification of fundamental challenges and future directions in the field, and commercialization aspects. This book will be a valuable reference for practicing engineers, researchers, and graduate students in the field of power electronics andDC power systems.

This text, edited by two fellowship-trained rhinologists and two fellowship-trained neurotologists, represents an up-to-date comprehensive resource for any clinician or scientist involved in skull base reconstruction. Each chapter is written by a ¿super specialist¿ who has a clinical and/or academic focus in skull base pathologies and reconstruction. The first section is dedicated to basic principles, anatomy, physiology, imaging and anesthetic considerations. The second and third sections discuss pathological processes that lead to cerebrospinal fluid leaks and the need for skull base reconstruction within the anterior and lateral skull base, respectively. The fourth and fifth sections focus on anterior and lateral skull base reconstruction, respectively, with attention to reconstruction techniques and strategies for managing each defect type. The sixth section comprehensively reviews postoperative care and management strategies, where there is high variability and limited evidence, and is intended to present multiple perspectives that each carry merit. The final section highlights developments, research and emerging ideas regarding this ever-growing topic. Previous to this, there had been no book dedicated to this highly important and emerging topic that really challenges even the best of surgeons to this day. The intended audience of Skull Base Reconstruction includes skull base surgeons, otolaryngologists, neurosurgeons, neurologists, ophthalmologists, radiologists, emergency medicine physicians, trauma surgeons, and trainees and students in all of those areas.

This book investigates how the EU member states¿ domestic energy policies have transformed in the last two decades as a consequence of horizontal and vertical integration forces. Integration is a dynamic process where member states adopt community rules, norms, and values, and meanwhile, learn from each other¿s experiences. Today, Europe experiences an energy transition from fossil-fuels to cleaner sources of energy and European policy makers are committed to taking this significant step forward. Domestic structural change is, thus, observed in all member states¿ environmental and energy policies. This book presents an overview of the EU norms, legislation, and policy standards for renewable energies and analyses how member states transpose them into their domestic structure. The book also analyses the policy outcomes in the EU member states in a comparative perspective by using the most recent statistical data. This comparative analysis gives insight to investors anddevelopers to decide on investment projects and/or manufacturing of renewable energy devices to these countries. It also provides a useful reference for policy makers, academics, students, and NGOs who need a quick overview of relevant national and EU legislation, policy standards, and policy outcomes.

This book focuses on the application of geospatial technologies for resource planning and management for the key natural resources, e.g. water, agriculture and forest as well as the decision support system (DSS) for infrastructure development. We have seen in the past four decades that the growing complexities of sustainable management of natural resources management have been very challenging. The book has been written to leverage the current geospatial technologies that integrate the remotely sensed data available from various platforms, the precise locational data providing geospatial intelligence, and the advanced integration tools of Geographical Information Systems (GIS).Geospatial technologies have been used for water resources management employing geomorphological characteristics, analysis of river migration pattern, understanding the large-scale hydrological process, wet land classification and monitoring, analysis of glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF), assessment of environmental flow and soil erosion studies, water quality modelling and assessment and rejuvenation of paleochannels through groundwater recharge.Geospatial technologies have been applied for crop classification and mapping, soil moisture determination using  RISAT-1 C-band and PALSAR-2 L-band sensors, inventory of horticulture plantations, management of citrus orchards, crop yield forecasting, rice yield estimation, estimation of evapotranspiration and its evaluation against lysimeter and satellite-based evapotranspiration product for India to address the various issues of the agricultural system management.Geospatial technologies have been used for generation of digital elevation model, urban dynamics assessment, mobile GIS application at grass root level planning, cadastral level developmental planning and e-governance applications, system dynamics for sustainable development, micro-level water resources planning, site suitability for sewage treatment plant, traffic density assessment, geographical indications of India, archaeological applications and disasters interventions to elaborate various issues of DSS for infrastructure development and management.Geospatial technologies have been employed for the generation and reconciliation of the notified forest land boundaries, and also the land cover changes analysis within notified forest areas, forest resource assessment, management and monitoring and wildlife conservation and management.This book aims to present high-quality technical case studies representing the recent developments in the "e;application of geospatial technologies for resource planning and management"e;. The editors hope that this book will serve as a valuable resource for scientists and researchers to plan and manage land and water resources sustainably.

This book offers a comprehensive and the foundational structure for all healthcare professionals developing, practicing, and performing research in teledermatology. The chapters of this book examines the field of teledermatology and will include: platforms and practice models, the impact of COVID-19, the telehealth and mobile teledermatology industry, the effect on healthcare accessibility, equality, specialty referrals and no-show rates, cost effectiveness, implementation, regulations and reimbursement, practice guidelines, outcomes for skin lesions, inflammatory dermatoses, inpatient consultations and pediatrics, research utilization, education, image quality and artificial intelligence, global and international efforts as well as patient and physician satisfaction. Chapters are authored by leaders in the field of dermatology and teledermatology. The goal is for the reader to become knowledgeable and proficient within field of teledermatology to increase patient access, manageskin disease and develop beneficial outcomes via electronic consultations.Teledermatology: A Comprehensive Overview is a must-have resource for dermatologists, dermatology academic and hospital leadership, hospital administrators, and telehealth programs.

This interdisciplinary work deals with the bacterial degradation of organic and inorganic materials such as prosthetic devices and the consequent production of non-engineered nanoparticles (NPs). Focus is put on the interaction of these, often toxic, NPs with the environment, the microorganisms and the host human body. Electron Microscopy is the method of choice to investigate bacterial colonization and degradation of plastic polymers. Hence one section of the book is fully dedicated to the most recent and interesting microscopy technologies in microbiology and soft matters. The final chapter of the book on the complex and multivariate relationships between a microscopist and electron microscopy images is dedicated to Lyubov Vasilievna Didenko (1958 ¿ 2015), a passionate researcher who contributed substantially to the field of Electron Microscopy research and its applications in studying bacterial-polymer interactions. The book addresses researchers and advanced students working in general and clinical microbiology, nanobiology, materials sciences and image analysis fields.

This book examines the benefits of an Australian in-country study (ICS) in China programme and explores ways to maximise the short-term ICS experience in a multilingual space. The book employs an ecological perspective which has seldom been used to examine the study abroad context. It emphasises the importance of the space itself as an arena of interaction, belonging and power, where conduct and modes of communication are often regulated by political authorities and societal expectations. Specifically, the book focuses on the following:nbsp; the extent to which the ICS facilitated interaction in different settingsnbsp; the way in which interaction during ICS contributed to language learningnbsp; the degree in which the interaction during ICS contributed to culture learning andnbsp; the role of identity in the learning process in the ICS.The main argument of the book is that while the ICS promoted multilingual learning space for in-class and out-of-class interactions, which further facilitated language and culture learning to a great extent, Australian students' identities and self-concepts also played a core mediating role throughout individual learning trajectories.

This book presents the basics of both NAND flash storage and machine learning, detailing the storage problems the latter can help to solve. At a first sight, machine learning and non-volatile memories seem very far away from each other. Machine learning implies mathematics, algorithms and a lot of computation; non-volatile memories are solid-state devices used to store information, having the amazing capability of retaining the information even without power supply. This book will help the reader understand how these two worlds can work together, bringing a lot of value to each other. In particular, the book covers two main fields of application: analog neural networks (NNs) and solid-state drives (SSDs).After reviewing the basics of machine learning in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 shows how neural networks can mimic the human brain; to accomplish this result, neural networks have to perform a specific computation called vector-by-matrix (VbM) multiplication, which is particularly power hungry. In the digital domain, VbM is implemented by means of logic gates which dictate both the area occupation and the power consumption; the combination of the two poses serious challenges to the hardware scalability, thus limiting the size of the neural network itself, especially in terms of the number of processable inputs and outputs. Non-volatile memories (phase change memories in Chapter 3, resistive memories in Chapter 4, and 3D flash memories in Chapter 5 and Chapter 6) enable the analog implementation of the VbM (also called "e;neuromorphic architecture"e;), which can easily beat the equivalent digital implementation in terms of both speed and energy consumption.SSDs and flash memories are strictly coupled together; as 3D flash scales, there is a significant amount of work that has to be done in order to optimize the overall performances of SSDs. Machine learning has emerged as a viable solution in many stages of this process. After introducing the main flash reliability issues, Chapter 7 shows both supervised and un-supervised machine learning techniques that can be applied to NAND. In addition, Chapter 7 deals with algorithms and techniques for a pro-active reliability management of SSDs. Last but not least, the last section of Chapter 7 discusses the next challenge for machine learning in the context of the so-called computational storage.No doubt that machine learning and non-volatile memories can help each other, but we are just at the beginning of the journey; this book helps researchers understand the basics of each field by providing real application examples, hopefully, providing a good starting point for the next level of development.

Many people living with epilepsy also suffer from debilitating psychiatric and cognitive disorders. While these comorbidities have been recognized for centuries, their causation, and relationship to the epilepsy remains clouded in mystery. This volume highlights recent knowledge and findings as well as controversies in our current understanding of behavioral and psychiatric comorbidities of epilepsy.

This book emphasizes various challenges and opportunities in biopolymers and identifying their potential applications in various fields including food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and electronics. It offers an overview of the environmental-related issues, regulatory and legislative issues,  green extraction technologies, and sustainability challenges. It will be interesting and valuable for researchers working in the related field.

This book provides an overview of the identity and sense of belonging of Muslims in the Western world. By presenting case studies on European countries such as France, the Netherlands and the UK, as well as the USA and Canada, it offers a comparative perspective on how Muslims feel toward and are integrated in their country of residence. The respective contributions examine the sense of belonging and identity of  Muslims and compare their levels of integration. Furthermore, they discuss the compatibility of their religious beliefs and values with the political and democratic order of their country of residence, and make concrete policy recommendations. The book is chiefly intended for scholars of political science and migration studies who are seeking a comparative perspective on the status quo of Muslims' integration in the Western world.

This book provides a holistic overview of the history of sustainable development in Denmark over the last fifty years, covering a host of issues central to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): ending poverty; ensuring inclusive and equitable education; reducing inequality; making cities and settlements inclusive, safe and resilient; and fostering responsible production and consumption patterns, to name a few. It argues for a new framework of sustainability history, one that is truly global in outlook. As such, it explores what truly global sustainable development would look like. It considers how economic growth has been the driver for prosperity in the global north, and considers whether sustainable development and continued economic growth are irreconcilable, and what the future of sustainable development initiatives in Denmark might look like.

As general, this book is a collection of the most recent, quality research papers regarding applications of Artificial Intelligence and Applied Mathematics for engineering problems. The papers included in the book were accepted and presented in the 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applied Mathematics in Engineering (ICAIAME 2022), which was held in Baku, Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan Technical University) between May 20 and 22, 2022. Objective of the book content is to inform the international audience about the cutting-edge, effective developments and improvements in different engineering fields. As a collection of the ICAIAME 2022 event, the book gives consideration for the results by especially intelligent system formations and the associated applications. The target audience of the book is international researchers, degree students, practitioners from industry, and experts from different engineering disciplines.

This book investigates perceptions against the people of north-east India, and why such prejudicial attitude exists. It subsequently quantifies and develops measures to counter such stereotypes and affiliated violence.This research examines the north-east Indian population¿s and the general Indian population¿s understanding of hate crime against the north-eastern population in metropolitan cities of India, both in concept and in perpetration. Further, it evaluates the existing constitutional and statutory provisions in India to determine if the proposed legislation and provisions are sufficient with regards to hate crime against north-eastern people of India.Drawing on empirical research addressing racial hate crimes in Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad and Pune, this book¿s case studies provide a qualitative dive to the problem and offer experiential analysis in order to curate preventive measures.This book is ideal for scholars, researchers, teachers and students interested in hate crime, racial violence, minority struggles, victimology, and law.

The absence of new physics at the TeV scale observed thus far at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) motivates an increasing focus on searches for weakly-coupled new particles and exotic signatures. In particular, particles with macroscopic mean proper lifetimes, known as long-lived particles (LLPs), are of significant interest due to their ability to elude the majority of searches which rely on the assumption that Beyond Standard Model particles decay close to the primary interaction point. Many models which aim to solve various issues with the Standard Model (SM) introduce new particles with lifetimes that are either unconstrained, or even shown to prefer the macroscopic regime. These theories often point to the Higgs boson as a possible portal to new physics, with exotic Higgs decays being the primary phenomenological consequence and means of discovery. It is well motivated both from theory and experimental constraints to consider the scenario in which the particles produced in these exotic decays have macroscopic proper lifetimes and give rise to unique detector signatures.This work describes a search for exotic decays of the Higgs boson to two long-lived, neutral, spin-0 particles which subsequently decay to pairs of b quarks, giving the striking signature of displaced hadronic jets in the ATLAS inner detector. Several other ATLAS searches have probed this decay topology previously, excluding branching ratios of the Higgs boson to LLPs of more than 10% for proper lifetimes greater than 100mm. These searches relied on dedicated triggers designed to select events with LLPs decaying in the ATLAS calorimeter or muon spectrometer. The lack of an equivalent trigger for LLP decays in the ATLAS inner detector has been a limiting factor in probing LLP lifetimes less than 100mm. To circumvent the difficulty of triggering on LLP decays, the search presented in this thesis exploits the ZH associated production mode, relying on leptonic trigger signatures to select interesting events. This is the first search for Higgs boson decays into LLPs to exploit this analysis methodology and additionally makes use of several novel methods for both background rejection and background estimation.No excess over Standard Model predictions is observed, and upper limits are set on the branching ratio of the Higgs boson to LLPs . Depending on the mass of the LLP, branching ratios greater than 10% are excluded for lifetimes as small as 4mm and as large as 100mm, probing an important gap in the ATLAS exotic Higgs decay programme. In comparison to the previous searches for Higgs decays to LLPs, these are among the most stringent limits placed on this scenario, and for LLPs with masses below 40 GeV these results represent the strongest existing constraints on the branching ratio of the Higgs boson to LLPs in this lifetime regime.

Sentiment analysis deals with extracting information about opinions, sentiments, and even emotions conveyed by writers towards topics of interest. Medical sentiment analysis refers to the identification and analysis of sentiments or emotions expressed in free-textual documents with a scope on healthcare and medicine. This fascinating problem offers numerous application areas in the domain of medicine, but also research challenges. The book provides a comprehensive introduction to the topic. The primary purpose is to provide the necessary background on medical sentiment analysis, ranging from a description of the notions of medical sentiment to use cases that have been considered already and application areas of relevance. Medical sentiment analysis uses natural language processing (NLP), text analysis and machine learning to realise the process of extracting and classifying statements regarding expressed opinion and sentiment. The book offers a comprehensive overview on existingmethods of sentiment analysis applied to healthcare resources or health-related documents. It concludes with open research avenues providing researchers indications which topics still have to be developed in more depth.

The monograph was written based on the material of the post-doctoral thesis prepared under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Rakhmanov and it has been translated from its original version in Russian. It presents a comprehensive analysis of the process of biological adaptation and adaptation capacity of the population to the marine climate of Russiäs North, the Black and Caspian Sea regions and the Baltic Sea coast. The authors explore different biological reactions to adaptation and offer their classification depending on the type of climate. Special attention is given to the prevention of prenosological conditions and diseases typical of coastal areas. Evidence suggests that the human body has a remarkable capacity to adapt to a range of climatic and weather conditions through a variety of targeted adaptation measures.