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This volume covers Kenyäs history, society, culture, economics, politics, and environment from precolonial times through the first years of independence. The book comprises twenty-one chapters divided into two parts. Part I focuses on the long precolonial moment, detailing the nature of precolonial Kenyan societies and their economics, politics, gender dynamics, and social organization. Part II examines Kenyan societies¿ encounters with British colonialism, critically outlining the impact and implications of these encounters. The volume concludes with an examination of political consolidation after the country¿s attainment of political independence and the subsequent foundations for political authoritarianism.

This book offers a comparative study of the political debate on the Euro crisis in the press. In the tradition of Critical Discourse Analysis, it investigates the ways in which discourse produces and reproduces social domination, and demystifies the hegemony of specific discourses. Combining quantitative content-based and qualitative text-based analyses, the book examines the discursive constructions of the crisis in a selection of broadsheet newspapers in Germany, Poland, and the UK, and discloses their ideological foundations. The analysis of the representations of the crisis, social actors and their agency, and legitimating strategies, including the use of metaphors, demonstrates how neoliberalism determined the hegemonic discourse on the Euro crisis. It resulted in ideologically biased discursive constructions that created and legitimised an image of non-agentic social change. The book will appeal to an international audience of discourse and media studies. It will be of interest to university teachers, graduate and undergraduate students and researchers of international and comparative media studies, political communication, linguistics, and politics.

This second edition explores the relationship between politics and media, with a particular emphasis on the significant disruptive changes to media and technology that have faced journalists, campaigners, and the public in recent years. The first edition, in 2014, described the earliest elements of social and online media: Web 2.0, the ¿information economy,¿ and the changes from traditional broadcast media to the early online world. With the rise of TikTok, the ¿fake news¿ claims of Donald Trump, the decline of local news, and the anti-democratic impulses that drove the January 6, 2021 coup attempts, the last decade has provided a rich and sometimes confounding set of disruptions to political communication that deserve attention. Technology has disrupted political communication in the online environment exceptionally quickly over the last decade, and this book provides a framework for understanding the intersections of these disruptions and their effect on an already-fragile democratic circumstance in the United States.

This book attempts to delve into the connection between imagination and politics, and examines the many expectations and fears engendered by the Irish home rule debate. More specifically, it assesses the ways politicians, artists and writers in Ireland, Britain and its empire imagined how self-government would work in Ireland after the restitution of an Irish parliament. What did home rulers want? What were British supporters of Irish self-government willing to offer? What did home rule mean not only to those who advocated it but also to those who opposed it?

The beautiful game is big business. Football leagues worldwide are being dominated by clubs which are becoming richer and more powerful. Since the first edition of this book was published in 2003, much has changed in the industry. However the central challenge remains how best football, its leagues and clubs can navigate a path between the logic of the market and the logic of community (social), while also remaining focused on a sporting logic.In this second edition, author Stephen Morrow offers a critique of football¿s economic structure, prevalent models of club ownership and governance, and new approaches to regulation that have emerged. The book also reflects on the Covid-19 pandemic and on ways in which it has illuminated many of the structural weaknesses inherent in football. It also offers an insight into the woman¿s game and its financial development in some countries, as well discussing issues such as football¿s response to environmental challenges.Drawing on theory and new literature from across relevant academic disciplines, this book seeks to make sense of the current challenges while also putting forward solutions as to how football can continue to harness and build on its social and community significance.

This book provides a contemporary panorama of advanced knowledge on the ureter. It covers basic knowledge and recent advances in a range of well-organized topics such as stone diagnosis, treatment, ureteroscopy, laser technology, reconstruction, oncology, trauma, embryology and radiology of the ureter. As shown in the table of contents, the book is written by a group of urology and non-urologic experts in their field and is enriched with many illustrations and summary tables. The 26 chapters are each dedicated to specific topics related to ureteral pathology and abnormality as well as diagnostic steps and treatment. Rare diseases that may affect the ureter are also included.Additionally there are basic educational materials that will be suitable for teaching, tutorials as well as electronic supplementary video clips and powerpoint presentations for demonstrations. The future perspectives of ureteral diseases, endoscopic and laparoscopic handling are covered.Fellows and medical professionals will find this a useful book with up-to-date knowledge of the various diseases and to demonstrate specific recent techniques involving stones, strictures and other pathologies of the ureter. Additional questions via app: Download the Springer Nature Flashcards app for free and use exclusive additional material to test your knowledge.

The world population is increasing while arable land is decreasing at an alarming rate. About one-quarter of arable land is degraded and needs significant restoration before it can sustain crops again. By 2030, the water supply will fall 40% short of meeting global demand. Moreover, looming climate change poses additional challenge to increasing food production to feed 10 billion people by 2050. Current major agricultural systems are on a largely unsustainable trajectory because of their contributions to greenhouse gas emissions, water pollution, and biodiversity loss.For these reasons, innovative technologies are being introduced in modern agriculture to sustain food production. They include digital and geospatial technologies to manage soil, climate and plant genetic resources. With the development of tools and sensors integrated into the internet of things (IoT) environment, physically collected information is converted into computer-readable language. Digital innovations thus allow real-time analysis, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI) that manage massive amount of data, also known as big data. Accordingly, digital agriculture affords greater potential for sustainable farming and economic benefits.This book summarizes the latest advances in AI-integration of agriculture practices. Specific focus includes but not limited to, big data, yield mapping, pests management, and optimal fertigation. As such, it presents a forward-looking approach to meet multiple UN Sustainable Development Goals, specifically, SDG 2, 6, 13 and 15.

This book discusses the significant aspects of thermal transient testing, the most important method of thermal characterization of electronics available today. The book presents the theoretical background of creating structure functions from the measured results with mathematical details. It then shows how the method can be used for thermal qualification, structure integrity testing, determining material parameters, and calibrating simulation models. General practical questions about measurements are discussed to help beginners carry out thermal transient testing. The particular problems and tricks of measuring with various electronic components, such as Si diodes, bipolar transistors, MOS transistors, IGBT devices, resistors, capacitors, wide bandgap materials, and LEDs, are covered in detail with the help of various use cases. This hands-on book will enable readers to accomplish thermal transient testing on any new type of electronics and provides the theoretical details needed tounderstand the opportunities and limitations offered by the methodology. The book will be an invaluable reference for practicing engineers, students, and researchers.

Many scholars have struggled with Irigaray¿s focus on sexuate difference, in particular with her claim that it is ¿ontological,¿ wondering if this implies a problematically naïve or essentialist account of sexuate difference. As a result, the ethical vision which Irigaray elaborates has not been taken up in a robust way in the fields of philosophy, feminism, or psychoanalysis.By tracing the notion of relation throughout Irigaray¿s work, this book identifies a rigorous philosophical continuity between the three self-identified ¿phases¿ in Irigaray¿s thought (despite some critics¿ concerns that there is a discontinuity between these phases) and clarifies the relational ontology that underlies Irigaray¿s conceptualization of sexuate difference ¿ one that always already implies an ethical project.The text demonstrates that an understanding of Irigaray¿s Heideggerian inheritance ¿ especially prominent in her later texts ¿ is essential to grasping the sense of the idea that sexuate difference is ontological ¿ it concerns Being, rather than beings. This book further develops potential applications of this ontological notion of a ¿relational limit¿ for the fields of philosophy, feminism, and psychotherapy.

This Handbook addresses the role of women in communism as a global, social and political movement for the first time, exploring their lives, forms of activism, political strategies and transnational networks. Comprising twenty-five chapters, based on new and primary research, the book presents the lives of self-identified communist women from a truly international perspective and outlines their struggles against fascism and colonialism, and for women¿s emancipation and national liberation. By using the lens of transnational political biography, the chapters capture the broader picture of these women¿s lives, unpacking the links between the so-called public and private, the power structures and inequalities of their societies, the formal networks and politics in which they were involved, and the informal connections and friendships that supported their activism both at the national and international level. Challenging androcentric and Eurocentric narratives about communism, this Handbook reveals the active and significant roles of women in nineteenth- and twentieth-century communist movements and regimes, and highlights the importance of communist women in shaping the agenda for women¿s rights worldwide.

Transnational Broadcasting in the Indo-Pacific brings together research spanning journalism, broadcast and political science to interrogate the issues arising from a rapidly changing global political and broadcast environment. This book asks: Why is there increasing interest in the provision of English-language media in the Indo-Pacific from countries like China? What are the implications for the traditional providers of foreign-produced news such as the Australia Broadcasting Corporation and the British Broadcasting Corporation? What now is the role of social media in the creation of broadcast journalism, and why is there panic in diplomatic circles about some of the journalism that originates from broadcasters in China and Russia? The result is a book that offers an insight into a rapidly transforming media landscape, the changing state of international relations, and the rise of new powers.

The brain is the body¿s most vulnerable organ due to the defined roles of neurons within circuits. Neurons are vastly outnumbered by microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, macrophages, cells of the blood brain barrier and invading immune cells. These cells display different grades of reactivities and interactions. They integrate their responses and not only change phenotypes but can also completely reprogram after damage to protect the neuronal complexity. The interactions of these satellite cells in the healthy brain are described as well as their roles in all major brain diseases. Special emphasis is put on immune system ¿ brain interactions and regenerative and repair processes. The gliotic response is compared with the reactions to injuries of the skin and other organs. A final chapter addresses the definition of a cell type. It concludes that cell types can no longer be regarded as defined entities over the body¿s lifetime but are prone to phenotype plasticity and even completereprograming.

This book demonstrates that the disciplinary boundaries present within international relations approaches to security studies are redundant when examining social media, and inter- and multi-disciplinary analysis is key. A key result of the analysis undertaken is that when examining the social media sphere security scholars need to ¿expect the unexpected¿. This is because social media enables users to subvert, contest and create security narratives with symbols and idioms of their choice which can take into account ¿traditional¿ security themes, but also unexpected and under explored themes such as narratives from the local context of the users¿ towns and cities, and the symbolism of football clubs. The book also explores the complex topography of social media when considering constructions of security. The highly dynamic topography of social media is neither elite dominated and hierarchical as the Copenhagen School conceptualises security speak. However, neither is it completely flat and egalitarian as suggested by the vernacular security studies¿ non-elite approach. Rather, social mediäs topography is shifting and dynamic, with individuals gaining influence in security debates in unpredictable ways. In examining social media this book engages with the emancipatory burden of critical security studies. This book argues that it remains unfulfilled on social media and rather presents a ¿thin¿ notion of discursive emancipation where social media does provide the ability for previously excluded voices to participate in security debates, even if this does not result in their direct emancipation from power hierarchies and structures offline.

This book provides new and established researchers with innovative methodologies and research strategies to explore European security integration from a different perspective, challenging traditional theoretical interpretations. It takes a step back from well-established theoretical approaches to the European Union¿s (EU) Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) to ask more fundamental questions about the core assumptions underpinning research on European security integration. It supports methodological innovations with an analysis of the most significant empirical problems of European security governance, including the war in Ukraine or the role of Russia in European security. In the last chapter, the author offers ideas for new pedagogical approaches to teaching European Studies.

This book focuses on the economic, political, and cultural factors that make up Indiäs ¿informal processors,¿ which are the highly networked, multi-generational systems that reuse, repurpose, and otherwise dispose of 80% of Indiäs electronic waste. The research includes insight from more than ninety interviews with forty-nine key stakeholders working within Indiäs e-waste processing industry. This vital resource explores the complexities of the e-waste industry, and it comprehensively explains the importance of developing context-specific solutions that leverage the inherent strengths of informal processors. The resulting resource offers a counterpoint to mainstream arguments that dismiss the value of expertise from informal processors.

Providing good quality sleep to people with sleep-related breathing disorders is a major challenge for respiratory physiotherapists and other professionals working in the field. These patients chronically suffer from the negative effects of interrupted sleep, a consequence of increased respiratory effort, disturbing arousals and constant hypoxias. Using positive pressure equipment every night goes far beyond simply programming a device and choosing a mask.This book provides a deep analysis and interpretation of the respiratory flow curves during sleep in patients using pressure therapy. It also helps the reader to understand the influence of the physiological and pathophysiological processes on the respiratory pattern during sleep. Consisting of multiples figures, graphics and case examples, this practical work offers a comprehensive and didactic approach to using pressure therapy for sleep apnea treatment. The target audience is Sleep Medicine clinicians,as well as physicians from different specialties (Otolaryngologists, Pulmonologists, Neurologists), Physical Therapists, Dentists, Speech Pathologists, and all other professionals who work with sleep-disordered breathing field.

This book covers the notion of collective memory ¿ broadly defined as the ways in which differing pasts are created, understood and reproduced ¿ and how this is perpetuated in Northern Ireland by a wide set of social actors, including nations, religious and political groupings, and local communities. Such collective memories are not a preservative for historically accurate recall of bygone events but rather readings of the past subject to contemporary interpretations and political pressure. The adoption of political symbolism remains central to subsequent events. Indeed, in Northern Ireland, both communities hold their conflicting ¿memories¿ dear and, importantly, rival political organizations have invested much in their own reading of the causes of the outbreak and continuation of the conflict. Set alongside constant exposure to other forms of discourse, texts, songs, prose and more visible physical manifestations ¿ such as murals, commemorative gardens, personal tattoos, and even gravestones ¿ there are a multitude of ways of reminding people of particular memories, community histories and interpretations of events, and of providing the background within which attitudes are formed.

Double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) represents a great challenge for cardiac surgeons due to the absence of standard surgical approach and this book is the first complete manual detailing decision-making in all anatomical types of DORV: subaortic, subpulmonary, subarterial and noncommitted defects. It provides information regarding the molecular mechanisms and clinical consequences of the most important syndromes in patients with cyanotic congenital heart defects, arterial hypoxemia and myocardial remodeling.Double-Outlet Right Ventricle explains the most important operations using real anatomical specimens. This helps readers to understand these surgical principles from a surgeon¿s perspective. All operations are described according to indication, timing, intracardiac revision (structures that should be accessed during an operation), surgical technique, advantages and disadvantages. The book is therefore of importance to all cardiac surgeons and healthcare professionals working with this group of patients.

This edited volume investigates the effects of shifting configurations and conceptualizations of the experience and meaning of home as it is embodied in early childhood care and education (ECCE). As the globalized early learning agenda drives more children to attend ECCE institutions, these institutions increasingly employ the concept of home through their curriculum and daily operations by attempting to foster a homelike environment or by incorporating items from children's homes into play. Chapters seek to recognize the complexity of a concept that is often taken for granted by exploring ways of being and thinking that share an interest in the notion of home. Authors offer multiple lenses and approaches to make sense of home as a conceptual space that operates in complex and often interrelated ways, including as an intellectual space, a built environment, a disciplinary technology, and a threshold.

This book offers case studies and a comparative analysis of three authors writing in different European minority languages, exploring how they link national and context-marked political community with universal human requirements. The author examines their left-wing positions and how their writing speaks to the acceptance of difference as a necessary condition of such universal values. He presents, for the first time in English, an in-depth treatment of the writing of the Basque poet, novelist and essayist Joseba Sarrionandia (1958¿) and the Catalan priest and civil disobedience author and activist Lluís Maria Xirinacs (1932¿2007), whilst linking their understanding of a 'foundational universalism' with the work of Irish novelist, short-story writer and language activist Máirtín Ó Cadhain (1906¿1970). The book is by its nature interdisciplinary in order to engage in a thoroughgoing comparative analysis of European language minorities, and responds empirically and theoretically to calls made recently in this regard from within critical Iberian Studies. It will therefore be of interest to students and scholars of fields such as Iberian and Celtic studies, International Relations theory, literary criticism, nationalism studies, political philosophy, as well as socio-legal and critical terrorism studies.

Medical treatments designed to help people can also be harmful or fatal. Around 2.5 million people die this way each year. So if any kind of medicine makes someone unwell, they or their doctor should report it. Those reports, from nearly every country in the world, go to the Uppsala Monitoring Centre (UMC) in Sweden. As the Centre¿s first director, Professor Ivor Ralph Edwards transformed it from a tiny operation with limited horizons into an internationally acclaimed scientific organization at the heart of the World Health Organization¿s Programme for International Drug Monitoring. He was then succeeded by his wife, Dr Marie Lindquist.This is the story of how a new science developed and a passionate and dedicated pursuit of worldwide medicines safety, with an unerring focus on the welfare of patients. The pioneering work of Ralph, Marie and their collaborators on every continent protected the lives of millions of people. It may yet improve the lives of billions more.