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They are the last generation to have experienced (as children) traditional life before contact with European cultures in the early 1950s and the first generation to experience the cultural change brought about by that contact - these are ''the in-between people''. As parents, they want their children to experience the best of both the high technology world of today, and the language and culture of their traditional world. The In-Between People studies how the Kaugel-speaking people of Papua New Guinea approach the tension that results from the intersection of the old and new cultures. Specifically, the author focuses on Kaugel pre-primary bilingual education, a nonformal mother-tongue education program whose purpose is to increase the children''s success in formal English education and also to increase their appreciation of and participation in their ethnic language and culture. He approaches his work with three purposes in mind: understanding how the Kaugel pre-primary program has been maintained and expanded, understanding Kaugel parents'' attitude toward their children''s education, and describing how community members resolve the tension between maintaining their mother tongue and succeeding in English-speaking schools. Dennis Malone has lived and worked in Papua New Guinea since 1967, first as an educator in primary schools, later as a mother-tongue literacy specialist for the Kaugel Literacy Project, and as a mother-tongue education advisor to the PNG Department of Education. Since receiving his Ph.D. in Education from Indiana University in 1998 he has served as an International Literacy Consultant for SIL International in the Asia area.

Three of the fall 1982 Linguistics Forum lectures, which were sponsored by the Department of Foreign Languages and Linguistics at the University of Texas of Arlington and the Summer Institute of Linguistics.

The books in this series are analytical commentaries on the Greek text of New Testament books. Each book first identifies the high-level semantic components of the text and indicates the relationships between them. These components are then further analyzed to identify sub-components and their relationships. This process is continued until the basic units of communication, called propositions, are identified. These propositions are stated in semantically unskewed English glosses. Theme statements for paragraphs and larger units are derived from the analysis. A discussion of the evidence supporting the analysis is also given.

This textbook has the basic purpose of preparing students with no linguistic background to discover the grammatical structure of an unwritten language. The Americanist symbols are used. The Laboratory Manual for Morphology and Syntax, 7th ed, (revised, 2003), is a practical supplement to accompany the textbook. It contains 298 datasets of problems taken from 117 spoken languages. (IPA) symbols replaced the Americanist symbols in some datasets.

The books in this series are analytical commentaries on the Greek text of New Testament books. Each book first identifies the high-level semantic components of the text and indicates the relationships between them. These components are then further analyzed to identify sub-components and their relationships. This process is continued until the basic units of communication, called propositions, are identified. These propositions are stated in semantically unskewed English glosses. Theme statements for paragraphs and larger units are derived from the analysis. A discussion of the evidence supporting the analysis is also given.

This manual has been designed to give practice in solving the various problems which the Bible translator faces. Through drill and practice, the student will develop skill in applying the principles of translation which he has learned in Translating the Word of God by John Beekman and John Callow and Discourse Considerations in Translating the Word of God by Kathleen Callow.

The books in this series are analytical commentaries on the Greek text of New Testament books. Each book first identifies the high-level semantic components of the text and indicates the relationships between them. These components are then further analyzed to identify sub-components and their relationships. This process is continued until the basic units of communication, called propositions, are identified. These propositions are stated in semantically unskewed English glosses. Theme statements for paragraphs and larger units are derived from the analysis. A discussion of the evidence supporting the analysis is also given.

In this book, the author presents the results of her analysis of the use of the two tenses, imparfait and passé simple, in French narrative discourse. One conclusion she reaches is that these two tenses can be defined as `state' and `event', respectively, and that, with such definitions, different temporal and aspectual values that have traditionally been associated with these two tenses can be united.

This book describes the nature of communication, the implications it has for the theory of translation, and its application to Bible translation.

The World View of Muslim and Traditionalist in the Senegambia subregion are studied. A world-view approach is followed, based on an eight-level model that is developed in the book. The result is a comprehensive view of the religious practices being followed and a broad understanding of the integrated conceptual system on which they are based. The belief systems of most Muslim societies are expressed through a complex mixture of orthodox and nonorthodox practices. Studies of these systems have usually focused on either orthodox or mystical Islam or on folk beliefs and practices and have not attempted to look at the complete range of beliefs and practices present in one society, as does this volume. Senegambia world view focuses on transcendent peace which is seen to be the pervasive, dominant theme of the culture. It is experienced by individuals when they and society are in balance with cosmic beings and forces, with social units, and with nature. The author, David E. Maranz, received his Ph.D. in Islamic studies in 1991 and has concentrated on the study of Muslim cultures of sub-Saharan Africa since 1975.

This work was the authors'' response to a need they saw for methodology in field research. They give techniques for gathering and processing data from unwritten languages, and include questionnaires for many aspects of both language and culture. Examples of the latter are time, currency, measures, and kinship. This is an English translation of a work that was first published in French in three volumes (Bouquiaux, L. & Thomas, Jacqueline M.C. (eds.), Enquête et description des langues à tradition orale. I L''enquête de terrain et l''analyse grammaticale. II.Approche linguistique (Questionnaires grammaticaux et phrases) III Approche thématique (Questionnaire technique et Guides thématiques). Paris, SELAF, 2nd ed., 1976).

Koasati, a Muskogean language, is spoken by about 200 people in Elton, Louisiana, and by a smaller number near Livingston, Texas. This volume contains a brief sociolinguistic note, a phonological description, and a grammar outline. Then in the remaining two chapters, the salient features of switch reference in the language are described, and it is shown that this feature is not just a syntactic phenomenon but also a pervasive system that interacts with high-level discourse.

The articles in this volume came out of a workshop held by the editors in 1990 on the campus of Pattimura University, in Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia. In these articles, the phonologies of the Sawai, Kisar, Larike, and West Tarangan languages are described. Also, maps and information about the languages' locations, various ethnic features, and suggested classifications are included in the book.

Gives a grammatical sketch of Zapotec (Mitla Vallay, Oaxaca, Mexico). This third volume in the series Folklore Texts in Mexican Indian Languages consists of eight stories narrated by native speakers, transcribed phonemically, with glossing in English and free translations in English and Spanish.

This book utilizes principles of discourse analysis, cultural anthropology, and biblical studies to analyze First Corinthians. It draws on concepts of text organization from the work of Robert E. Longacre and Kenneth L. Pike. It demonstrates that discourse analysis is an important tool for the study of texts, even ancient ones.

Sentence repetition testing (SRT) is a methodology for investigating patterns of community-wide bilingualism. It is a screening device for testing for bilingualism in an entire community, and it is a valid test for second-language proficiency. High correlations have been found between the performance of second-language speakers on SRTs and descriptive estimations of second-language proficiency. These two methodologies give promise of being reliable in the assessment of language proficiency in low literacy rate contexts.

The papers in this volume are based on sixty-three pages of folktale and historical text in the Waorani language, which is a language of Ecuador.ArticlesHow to know what to remember: Affixal clues, by Gilley, Leoma G.Hypothesis on helping to identify Waorani discourse types, by Hepner, Carol.Thematic unity as evidence for the presence of paragraphs, by Hepner, Mark.The function of ayæ̃ ''then'' in Waorani, by Holman, Mary E.Waorani verb affixes, by Holman, Thomas W.What can mark the peak of a story?, by Miller, Michael.Trees for constituent analysis from discourse to morpheme, by Pike, Evelyn G.Chronological and logical discourse chains, by Ross, Deborah.Part IV: The texts, by Saint, Rachel and Evelyn G. Pike, editors.Notes on referential elements in three texts, by Wilkendorf, Patricia.Waorani clause formulas, by Wilkendorf, Patricia.Prominence of waves of space and time, by Wilt, Timothy L.Tracking participants at points where they are not named, by Zander, Lynn.

Shows how to conduct sociolinguistic surveys on a small scale without access to funding sometimes available to national language planners. Prepares to train people with little background in social research methodology. Spells out how those primarily concerned with local languages can learn to make informed decisions about language choice at local levels. Provides invaluable background on bilingualism and language use and attitudes. Shows how bilingualism develops and is maintained in different situations. Describes several methods for testing dialect comprehensibility in considerable detail, and gives advantages and disadvantages of each. It combines academic sophistication with realism and is a major contribution for conducting sociolinguistic surveys in general.

People everywhere enjoy storytelling, and stories are an excellent source of data for linguistic analysis. Rupp and Rupp have compiled seven stories narrated by a native speaker of this language group located in southern Mexico. They give the phonemic transcription of each text, with detailed glossing in English as well as free translations in English and Spanish. They also include a brief sketch of the culture, a phonemic description of the language, and background information about the narrator. Thus, this book is valuable for both anthropologists and linguists. This is the second volume in the series Folklore Texts in Mexican Indian Languages. The Rupps have been conducting field work among the Ozumacín Chinantec since 1984, under the sponsorship of the Summer Institute of Linguistics.

In this volume Elisabeth and Marinus Wiering present five articles which represent their research on the Doyayo language using a descriptive linguistic approach. Doyayo, which is spoken by 15,000 people, belongs to the Duru group of the Adamawa-Eastern language family in the North Cameroon and Northwest Cameroon regions. This volume was written to make the Wierings'' collected data available to the academic community, as well as to educated Doyayos, with the hope that it would contribute to the ongoing study of their language. The articles cover phonology, structure of indicative verbs, tone patterns of nominals, some major syntactic structures, and some features of folk-tales.

Presents results of study of the factors that affect literacy acquisition in both the mother tongue and Spanish by the indigenous people of the Peruvian Amazon.

Discusses how Otomí verb prefixes include deixis in their function. States that a key element to understanding the makeup of Otomí verbs is the role of deixis in the verb and elsewhere in the sentence. Discusses how every independent Otomi sentence is grounded in reality through deixis, and every dependent sentence depends upon deictic grounding in sentences around it.

Mada is spoken in southeastern Nigeria and is a member of the Benue-Congo subfamily of languages.

Looks at the culture of the Ketengban people (eastern highlands of Irian Jaya, Indonesia). Describes Ketengban cosmology and their view of man and the spirits, pregnancy and childbirth practices, and kinship system.

The author describes how, by making use only of evidence from languages spoken today, he reconstructed the protolanguage of six languages found in the Amazonian areas of Peru, Colombia, and Brazil.