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This book untangles popular beliefs about substance abuse issues from historical, clinical and research evidence to address questions such as: What factors cause teenagers to abuse drugs and alcohol? How much of a role do economic factors and neighbourhoods play?Following an introduction which outlines the social history of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine and heroin, the volume examines: individual, family, peer and community variables that contribute to substance misuse; resiliency factors that enable some adolescents to avoid such problems; substance abuse in rural and urban settings; pharmacological effects; and current treatment approaches.

This book untangles popular beliefs about substance abuse issues from historical, clinical and research evidence to address questions such as: What factors cause teenagers to abuse drugs and alcohol? How much of a role do economic factors and neighbourhoods play?Following an introduction which outlines the social history of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine and heroin, the volume examines: individual, family, peer and community variables that contribute to substance misuse; resiliency factors that enable some adolescents to avoid such problems; substance abuse in rural and urban settings; pharmacological effects; and current treatment approaches.

This collection of case studies focuses on seven US cities and consider revitalization programmes over the past 15-20 years and analyze their successes and failures. The studies were carried out by the National Center for the Revitalization of Central Cities in 1990 under the auspices of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. The Center commissioned leading scholars to carry out this research and develop programmes and strategies for a national policy for revitalizing central cities.

Taking a multidisciplinary approach, this book presents an insightful exploration of the theoretical and practical advances in women's health care. The opening part examines the various shapes that a new framework in women's health might take. Such issues as using the male experience as the norm, reducing women to merely reproductive entities, and promoting the notion of biological primacy are addressed. In the second part, contributors carry the argument for reframing women's health into the sociopolitical arena, looking at women in the Third World and at integrating women's health into health care reform. Part Three examines significant issues dealing with reproduction and sexuality, while Part Four focuses on the impact of violence and

Tuning In to Young Viewers provides a much needed, overview of the key topics in television use and effects. It is designed as an upper-level text for courses in communication and psychology and is written by scholars well-known to both fields, in particular for their work concerning media influences.

This book describes and explains approaches to the evaluation and analysis of secondary data in criminological research. The book focuses on secondary data originating in surveys, information collected by organizations, and data sets available from archives. Although the techniques described are common to the social sciences, the examples and applications are specific to criminology and criminal justice.

Presents an authoritative database on the workings of organizations in the United States. This book describes the National Organizations Study, the first national survey of organizations in the US using a statistically representative sample.

Despite the increasing necessity for needs assessments in a variety of fields, much confusion still prevails on how to conduct such assessments successfully. This book is a practical guide to that end.The authors first introduce a three-phase model - preassessment, assessment and postassessment - to clarify the distinctions between the needs of primary service recipients and the people and resources that exist because of them. They go on to describe methods appropriate for gathering data for assessing needs and for causal analysis. The presentation of the framework, the coverage of several approaches for analyzing data, the balanced description of qualitative and quantitative methodologies and the multiple case studies and examples will enable students and practitioners to conduct needs assessment in fields such as health care, psychology, sociology, education, public administration and urban planning.

Using a developmental approach, this volume integrates the career counselling process into the life span, ranging from early childhood through to older adulthood. The stages explored include: years of identification and differentiation; years of growth and searching; and years of compromise and commitment to a lifestyle.

Unlike many books on the subject, which treat environmental psychology as a branch of psychology only, this comprehensive introduction takes a cross-disciplinary stance. Chapters cover such topics as: environmental engineering; biology; geography; architecture; evolutionary biology; sociology; clinical psychology and gerontology.The author, taking a unified view of human-environment problems, includes many aspects of environmental studies and emphasizes the innovative thinking required to deal with environmental problems.

Sexual harassment is now a universally recognized topic of concern for employers as well as employed women. The contributors to this volume provide a comprehensive look at what we know about sexual harassment. Their findings are grounded in theory, research and practice.

This collection of essays by Kenneth and Elise Boulding, spanning a period of 28 years, highlights both the differences and commonalities in thought between these two world renowned and much admired futurist scholars. The overarching theme is a passionate conviction that the world is in dire need of mending. This collection has been brought together in tribute to the life and work of Kenneth Boulding and his dedication to the study of the future as more than an intellectual curiosity, as something which is essential to the survival of humanity itself.

A comprehensive, but critical guide to the state of nursing research, particularly in areas most relevant to current practice. Throughout, an extensive array of instruments for physiological and psychosocial research is presented together with relevant theory.

This collection of empirical and theoretical articles presents new theoretical models and the results of current research on the role of fathers in families. The articles cover differences in culture, class, nationality and custodial status and focus on legal, economic and policy questions.

This collection of empirical and theoretical articles presents new theoretical models and the results of current research on the role of fathers in families. The articles cover differences in culture, class, nationality and custodial status and focus on legal, economic and policy questions.

Why do people forget some skills faster than others? What kind of training is most effective at getting people to retain new skills over a longer period of time?Cognitive psychologists address these questions in this volume by analyzing the results of experiments which used a wide variety of perceptual, cognitive and motoric training tasks. Studies reported on include: the Stroop effect; mental calculation; vocabulary retention; contextual interference effects; autobiographical memory; target detection; and specificity and transfer in choice reaction time tasks. Each chapter explores the extent to which reinstatement of training procedures during retention and transfer tests accounts for both durability and specificity of

Why do people forget some skills faster than others? What kind of training is most effective at getting people to retain new skills over a longer period of time?Cognitive psychologists address these questions in this volume by analyzing the results of experiments which used a wide variety of perceptual, cognitive and motoric training tasks. Studies reported on include: the Stroop effect; mental calculation; vocabulary retention; contextual interference effects; autobiographical memory; target detection; and specificity and transfer in choice reaction time tasks. Each chapter explores the extent to which reinstatement of training procedures during retention and transfer tests accounts for both durability and specificity of

This book provides ways of thinking about information and the new responsibilities engendered by its acquisition, processing, storing, dissemination and use. It offers a set of concepts, methods, arguments and illustrations designed to sharpen the reader's ethical focus. Organized into three sections, the first provides a conceptual background for the book as a whole. The second part focuses on fundamental concepts about ethics and includes descriptions of the process of ethical thinking and a range of theories and principles that can be used in ethical situations. In the final part, the concepts of information and the need for ethics and ethical thinking are applied to the various levels of the social system to which they

High-level urban analysis is noticeably devoid of either gendered perspectives or attention to women's interests, relying instead on economics and sometimes race to explain various phenomenon. Gender in Urban Research applies gender as a category of analysis to urban institutions. Contributions cover gendered analysis in central city development policy, violence against women, affordable housing, political power and elections.

The issue of welfare reform has been predominant on the United States public agenda for almost three decades. Major initiatives undertaken in welfare reform since 1992 are examined in this book, with specific case studies on California, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, Ohio and Wisconsin.Each study focuses on: factors that motivated reform; the political process that led to its adoption; the objectives sought by the reform; and an assessment of the probability that each would achieve its objective. Introductory and concluding chapters analyze national trends in welfare reform.

Child witnesses pose unique challenges to the legal system, and courtrooms are daunting and alien to children. Timely and truly international in scope, this volume focuses on the techniques and procedures used to accommodate child witnesses in legal systems - and on research investigating the effectiveness and implications of those techniques - around the world: England, Scotland, The Netherlands, Israel, South Africa, Hong Kong, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United States and India. Featuring the work of renowned scholars from the international psycholegal community, the volume not only provides support for all countries seeking to broaden their approach to child psychology and law, but also promotes justice in thos

While there is general acknowledgement that communication is a process rather than a condition, there has been little systematic examination of dynamic processes within communication studies. This book focuses on the methodological and theoretical significance of communication events or states which vary regularly, or in some pattern, over time.

Combining the best of social science research on political communication with the expertise of some of America's leading journalists and political consultants, this book brings together perspectives of academics, reporters, commentators, campaign consultants and policy makers on the media and North American politics.

Uncertain Motherhood presents research on maternal behaviour among women who have less than optimal outcomes in pregnancy. The contributors examine mothers' reactions to infertility, unwanted pregnancy, `at-risk' pregnancy, stillbirth, birth of a preterm baby and the birth of a baby with a birth defect.The purpose of the book is to develop an understanding of the women's experiences in order to assist caregivers in the provision informed care.

The changing demography of the workforce presents challenges and opportunities to individuals and to the organizations of which they are a part. This volume examines how diversity in organizations affords benefits such as a broader talent pool, but at the same time can lead to tension, misunderstanding and, at times, outright hostility.

Explores topics critical to mental and physical health including teenage violence, sexual activity, substance abuse and eating disorders. This title reviews current research findings on the influences of media on adolescents, how the influences occur, and the short- and long-term effects of exposure.

This volume provides comprehensive coverage of self-help organizations, which in the United States alone involve over seven million people, from small local groups to major national organizations such as Alcoholics Anonymous.The focus is on three critical areas: public policy and self-help; participation, particularly by minorities, in self-help; and various frameworks which contribute to understanding self-help. The book concludes with six chapters of major findings and case studies.