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The aim of this book is to provide a platform to readers through which they can access the applications of 'Internet of Things' in the Automotive field. Internet of Things in Automotive Industries and Road Safety provides the basic knowledge of the modules with interfacing, along with the programming. Several examples for rapid prototyping are included, this to make the readers understand about the concept of IoT. The book comprises of ten chapters for designing different independent prototypes for the automotive applications, and it would be beneficial for the people who want to get started with hardware based project prototypes. The text is based on the practical experience of the authors built up whilst undergoing projects with students and industry. Technical topics discussed in the book include:Role of IoT in automotive industriesArduino and its interfacing with I/O devicesTi Launch Pad and its interfacing with I/O devicesNodeMCU and its interfacing with I/O devicesSerial Communication with Arduino and NodeMCU

Rad-hard Semiconductor Memories is intended for researchers and professionals interested in understanding how to design and make a preliminary evaluation of rad-hard semiconductor memories, making leverage on standard CMOS manufacturing processes available from different silicon foundries and using different technology nodes.In the first part of the book, a preliminary overview of the effects of radiation in space, with a specific focus on memories, will be conducted to enable the reader to understand why specific design solutions are adopted to mitigate hard and soft errors. The second part will be devoted to RHBD (Radiation Hardening by Design) techniques for semiconductor components with a specific focus on memories. The approach will follow a top-down scheme starting from RHBD at architectural level (how to build a rad-hard floor-plan), at circuit level (how to mitigate radiation effects by handling transistors in the proper way) and at layout level (how to shape a layout to mitigate radiation effects).After the description of the mitigation techniques, the book enters in the core of the topic covering SRAMs (synchronous, asynchronous, single port and dual port) and PROMs (based on AntiFuse OTP technologies), describing how to design a rad-hard flash memory and fostering RHBD toward emerging memories like ReRAM. The last part will be a leap into emerging memories at a very early stage, not yet ready for industrial use in silicon but candidates to become an option for the next wave of rad-hard components. Technical topics discussed in the book include: i Radiation effects on semiconductor components (TID, SEE)i Radiation Hardening by Design (RHBD) Techniquesi Rad-hard SRAMsi Rad-hard PROMsi Rad-hard Flash NVMsi Rad-hard ReRAMsi Rad-hard emerging technologies

Over the past years, a considerable amount of effort has been devoted, both in industry and academia, towards the development of basic technology as well as innovative applications for the Internet of Things. Adaptive Middleware for the Internet of Things introduces a scalable, interoperable and privacy-preserving approach to realize IoT applications and discusses abstractions and mechanisms at the middleware level that simplify the realization of services that can adapt autonomously to the behavior of their users. Technical topics discussed in the book include:Behavior-driven Autonomous ServicesGAMBAS Middleware ArchitectureGeneric and Efficient Data AcquisitionInteroperable and Scalable Data ProcessingAutomated Privacy PreservationAdaptive Middleware for the Internet of Things summarizes the results of the GAMBAS research project funded by the European Commission under Framework Programme 7. It provides an in-depth description of the middleware system developed by the project consortium. In addition, the book describes several innovative mobility and monitoring applications that have been built, deployed and operated to evaluate the middleware under realistic conditions with a large number of users. Adaptive Middleware for the Internet of Things is ideal for personnel in the computer and communication industries as well as academic staff and research students in computer science interested in the development of systems and applications for the Internet of Things.

By 2020, experts forecast that up to 28 billion devices will be connected to the Internet, with only one third of them being computers, smartphones, smartwatches, and tablets. The remaining two thirds will be other "e;devices"e; - sensors, terminals, household appliances, thermostats, televisions, automobiles, production machinery, urban infrastructure and many other "e;things"e;, which traditionally have not been Internet enabled.This "e;Internet of Things"e; (IoT) represents a remarkable transformation of the way in which our world will soon interact. Much like the World Wide Web connected computers to networks, and the next evolution mobile devices connected people to the Internet and other people, IoT looks poised to interconnect devices, people, environments, virtual objects and machines in ways that only science fiction writers could have imagined. In a nutshell the Internet of Things (IoT) is the convergence of connecting people, things, data and processes; it is transforming our life, business and everything in between. Secure and Smart IoT explores many aspects of the Internet of Things and explains many of the complicated principles of IoT and the new advancements in IoT including using Fog Computing, AI and Blockchain technology.

Video is the main driver of bandwidth use, accounting for over 80 per cent of consumer Internet traffic. Video compression is a critical component of many of the available multimedia applications, it is necessary for storage or transmission of digital video over today's band-limited networks. The majority of this video is coded using international standards developed in collaboration with ITU-T Study Group and MPEG. The MPEG family of video coding standards begun on the early 1990s with MPEG-1, developed for video and audio storage on CD-ROMs, with support for progressive video. MPEG-2 was standardized in 1995 for applications of video on DVD, standard and high definition television, with support for interlaced and progressive video. MPEG-4 part 2, also known as MPEG-2 video, was standardized in 1999 for applications of low- bit rate multimedia on mobile platforms and the Internet, with the support of object-based or content based coding by modeling the scene as background and foreground. Since MPEG-1, the main video coding standards were based on the so-called macroblocks. However, research groups continued the work beyond the traditional video coding architectures and found that macroblocks could limit the performance of the compression when using high-resolution video. Therefore, in 2013 the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) also known and H.265, was released, with a structure similar to H.264/AVC but using coding units with more flexible partitions than the traditional macroblocks. HEVC has greater flexibility in prediction modes and transform block sizes, also it has a more sophisticated interpolation and de blocking filters. In 2006 the VC-1 was released. VC-1 is a video codec implemented by Microsoft and the Microsoft Windows Media Video (VMW) 9 and standardized by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE). In 2017 the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET) released a call for proposals for a new video coding standard initially called Beyond the HEVC, Future Video Coding (FVC) or known as Versatile Video Coding (VVC). VVC is being built on top of HEVC for application on Standard Dynamic Range (SDR), High Dynamic Range (HDR) and 360(deg) Video. The VVC is planned to be finalized by 2020. This book presents the new VVC, and updates on the HEVC. The book discusses the advances in lossless coding and covers the topic of screen content coding. Technical topics discussed include: Beyond the High Efficiency Video CodingHigh Efficiency Video Coding encoderScreen contentLossless and visually lossless coding algorithmsFast coding algorithmsVisual quality assessmentOther screen content coding algorithmsOverview of JPEG Series

The book discusses the activities involved in developing an Enterprise Continuity Program (ECP) that will cover both Business Continuity Management (BCM) as well as Disaster Recovery Management (DRM). The creation of quantitative metrics for BCM are discussed as well as several models and methods that correspond to the goals and objectives of the International Standards Organisation (ISO) Technical Committee ISO/TC 292 "e;Security and resilience"e;. Significantly, the book contains the results of not only qualitative, but also quantitative, measures of Cyber Resilience which for the first time regulates organizations' activities on protecting their critical information infrastructure.The book discusses the recommendations of the ISO 22301: 2019 standard "e;Security and resilience - Business continuity management systems - Requirements"e; for improving the BCM of organizations based on the well-known "e;Plan-Do-Check-Act"e; (PDCA) model. It also discusses the recommendations of the following ISO management systems standards that are widely used to support BCM. The ISO 9001 standard "e;Quality Management Systems"e;; ISO 14001 "e;Environmental Management Systems"e;; ISO 31000 "e;Risk Management"e;, ISO/IEC 20000-1 "e;Information Technology - Service Management"e;, ISO/IEC 27001 "e;Information Management security systems"e;, ISO 28000 "e;Specification for security management systems for the supply chain"e;, ASIS ORM.1-2017, NIST SP800-34, NFPA 1600: 2019, COBIT 2019, RESILIA, ITIL V4 and MOF 4.0, etc. The book expands on the best practices of the British Business Continuity Institute's Good Practice Guidelines (2018 Edition), along with guidance from the Disaster Recovery Institute's Professional Practices for Business Continuity Management (2017 Edition). Possible methods of conducting ECP projects in the field of BCM are considered in detail. Based on the practical experience of the author there are examples of Risk Assessment (RA) and Business Impact Analysis (BIA), examples of Business Continuity Plans (BCP) & Disaster Recovery Plans (DRP) and relevant BCP & DRP testing plans.This book will be useful to Chief Information Security Officers, internal and external Certified Information Systems Auditors, senior managers within companies who are responsible for ensuring business continuity and cyber stability, as well as teachers and students of MBA's, CIO and CSO programs.

Over recent years, many new technologies have been introduced to drive the digital transformation in the building maintenance industry. The current trend in digital evolution involves data-driven decision making which opens new opportunities for an energy centered maintenance model. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are helping the maintenance team to get to the next level of maintenance intelligence to provide real-time early warning of abnormal equipment performance.This edition follows the same methodology as the First. It provides detailed descriptions of the latest technologies associated with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning which enable data-driven decision-making processes about the equipment's operation and maintenance. Technical topics discussed in the book include: Different Maintenance Types and The Need for Energy Centered MaintenanceThe Centered Maintenance ModelEnergy Centered Maintenance Process Measures of Equipment and Maintenance Efficiency and EffectivenessData-Driven Energy Centered Maintenance Model:Digitally Enabled Energy Centered Maintenance TasksArtificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Energy Centered MaintenanceModel Capabilities and Analytics RulesBuilding Management System SchematicsThe book contains a detailed description of the digital transformation process of most of the maintenance inspection tasks as they move away from being manually triggered. The book is aimed at building operators as well as those building automation companies who are working continuously to digitalize building operation and maintenance procedures. The benefits are reductions in the equipment failure rate, improvements in equipment reliability, increases in equipment efficiency and extended equipment lifespan.

This book provides an accessible introduction to the philosophy of educational research. A historical-philosophical journey presents the development of research methods from their origins to the present day. In addition, the book reflects on how research methods have influenced scientific effectiveness. Throughout, the book covers the principal things that need to be known today about the theory and practice of educational research, its epistemological bases, and its development as a discipline within scientific knowledge. The historical events that defined both the methodological evolution and the current situation of contemporary educational research are described to enable its understanding.This book provides an accessible introduction to the philosophy of educational research. A historical-philosophical journey presents the development of research methods from their origins to the present day.. It can also be used as didactic material for classroom discussions on educational research, educational philosophy, and current controversies in education. Its usefulness reaches the social sciences, humanities, and experimental sciences in all areas related to teaching and training. The basis of educational research is exposed, both in its concepts or philosophical visions and methodologies, which ultimately define what education means today.

This monograph is devoted to the construction of optimal estimates of values of linear functionals on solutions to Cauchy and two-point boundary value problems for systems of linear first-order ordinary differential equations, from indirect observations which are linear transformations of the same solutions perturbed by additive random noises. It is assumed that right-hand sides of equations and boundary data as well as statistical characteristics of random noises in observations are not known and belong to certain given sets in corresponding functional spaces. This leads to the necessity of introducing the minimax statement of an estimation problem when optimal estimates are defined as linear, with respect to observations, estimates for which the maximum of mean square error of estimation taken over the above-mentioned sets attains minimal value. Such estimates are called minimax or guaranteed estimates. It is established that these estimates are expressed explicitly via solutions to some uniquely solvable linear systems of ordinary differential equations of the special type. The authors apply these results for obtaining the optimal estimates of solutions from indirect noisy observations.Similar estimation problems for solutions of boundary value problems for linear differential equations of order n with general boundary conditions are considered. The authors also elaborate guaranteed estimation methods under incomplete data of unknown right-hand sides of equations and boundary data and obtain representations for the corresponding guaranteed estimates. In all the cases estimation errors are determined.

Given the increase in the ageing population and the evolvement of the Human-Computer Interaction field to a much more humanistic approach, debate is ongoing about designing technology-enabled products for active ageing and healthy lifestyles. Indeed, the mainstream game industry has been challenged with the emergence of an older target group, the advancements in gamification and the proliferation of SMART devices.Previous experience in the field has revealed that for many older adult gamers, games had a therapeutic effect through them being both cognitively challenged and rewarded. However it has also revealed that the gaming industry was not fulfilling their other motivations and accessibility needs.Furthermore, research to date has focused on the physical and cognitive effects of video games in the aging process. Up to now, the use of other active ageing dimensions that go beyond the health domains (i.e. sense of security, and participation in society) in games addressed to this target group remain unexplored.This book differs from current books on the market by focusing on games and the main implications to design for active ageing in terms of the market perspective, the information and communication society, behavioral design, mobility, urban and city planning, accessibility and assessment.

Visualization and visual analytics are powerful concepts for exploring data from various application domains. The endless number of possible parameters and the many ways to combine visual variables as well as algorithms and interaction techniques create lots of possibilities for building such techniques and tools.The major goal of those tools is to include the human users with their tasks at hand, their hypotheses, and research questions to provide ways to find solutions to their problems or at least to hint them in a certain direction to come closer to a problem solution. However, due to the sheer number of design variations, it is unclear which technique is suitable for those tasks at hand, requiring some kind of user evaluation to figure out how the human users perform while solving their tasks.The technology of eye tracking has existed for a long time; however, it has only recently been applied to visualization and visual analytics as a means to provide insights to the users' visual attention behavior. This generates another kind of dataset that has a spatio-temporal nature and hence demands for advanced data science and visual analytics concepts to find insights into the recorded eye movement data, either as a post process or even in real-time.This book describes aspects from the interdisciplinary field of visual analytics, but also discusses more general approaches from the field of visualization as well as algorithms and data handling. A major part of the book covers research on those aspects under the light and perspective of eye tracking, building synergy effects between both fields - eye tracking and visual analytics - in both directions, i.e. eye tracking applied to visual analytics and visual analytics applied to eye tracking data. Technical topics discussed in the book include: * Visualization; * Visual Analytics; * User Evaluation; * Eye Tracking; * Eye Tracking Data Analytics;Eye Tracking and Visual Analytics includes more than 500 references from the fields of visualization, visual analytics, user evaluation, eye tracking, and data science, all fields which have their roots in computer science.Eye Tracking and Visual Analytics is written for researchers in both academia and industry, particularly newcomers starting their PhD, but also for PostDocs and professionals with a longer research history in one or more of the covered research fields. Moreover, it can be used to get an overview about one or more of the involved fields and to understand the interface and synergy effects between all of those fields. The book might even be used for teaching lectures in the fields of information visualization, visual analytics, and/or eye tracking.

The book describes the evolution of economic theory, considering historical, political and scientific perspectives. It discusses economic concepts and the formation of economics as a discipline since the feudal system, passing through the formation of the State, until the present. The main economic concepts are presented, including microeconomics, macroeconomics, econometrics, privatization, taxes, tariffs, the concept of currencies, stock markets, international transactions, and economic policies. The book contains a complete glossary of economic terms to help the reader.

The signal processing (SP) landscape has been enriched by recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), yielding new tools for signal estimation, classification, prediction, and manipulation. Layered signal representations, nonlinear function approximation and nonlinear signal prediction are now feasible at very large scale in both dimensionality and data size. These are leading to significant performance gains in a variety of long-standing problem domains like speech and Image analysis. As well as providing the ability to construct new classes of nonlinear functions (e.g., fusion, nonlinear filtering).This book will help academics, researchers, developers, graduate and undergraduate students to comprehend complex SP data across a wide range of topical application areas such as social multimedia data collected from social media networks, medical imaging data, data from Covid tests etc. This book focuses on AI utilization in the speech, image, communications and yirtual reality domains.