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''Mesfin Hagos joined the Eritrean war of independence in 1967 at the tender age of nineteen years. He rose to prominence and became an iconic figure of the nationalist movement by dint of his brilliance, strength of character, iron discipline, and tireless learning and self-improvement. He was at the scene during the most difficult turns and twists of the nationalist movement and led its most decisive battles. This book is as much the story of his life as it is an account of the Eritrean war of independence and struggle for freedom. It is a story of ungrieved losses and uncelebrated heroism. It is a tale of un-indemnified sacrifices and imperiled gains. The milestones of the nationalist movement and government came with its own unexpiated missteps. This book bears witness to all that and points toward a way out.'' - from the introduction by Awet Tewelde Weldemichael.

Kush/Cush and Cushitic: Language, History, Race, and Religion offers a multifaceted examination of the term 'Kush/Cush' and its related concepts, drawing from historical, linguistic, and cultural perspectives. In the realm of historical linguistics, 'Cushitic' is employed to describe a hypothetical language family within the Afroasiatic phylum. This term may also be used to refer to the people who speak these languages. However, there is often confusion between this academic usage and the ancient kingdom of Kush, which is frequently referred to as Nubia in historical works. The confusion extends to the usage of the same term in Biblical texts. The book delves into the history of the Kingdom of Kush, the Biblical usage of Kush/Cush, and the so-called Cushitic languages, offering a nuanced discussion of these intertwined topics.

In Post-Colonial Statehoods in the Global Order, the author explores the implications of turbulence in the global system interacting with endogenous value and attitudinal transformations in Africa. The consolidation or deconsolidation of African statehoods had created profound divergences in their respective visions of the future of Africa as a player in the global system. Consolidated states seek to explore systemic instability to reconstruct the fundamentals of a new continental relationship based on equity with other elements in the international system. Deconsolidated states are status quo oriented, even if the rhetoric is not in sync with policy. In this setting, confrontation is generated between elite-centred deconsolidated status quo states and consolidated revolutionary states mobilized by value transformations across the continent. 'An extraordinarily sharp, thoughtful and provocative contemporary understanding of the proclivities of post-colonial African States written by a scholar-diplomat... This book is a solid contribution to understanding the evolution of the post-colonial state, a process that has been turbulent, transformative and with the current upheaval in global affairs, is not immune from the forces that are shaping geopolitical fissures' - Comfort Ero, President and Chief Executive Officer, International Crisis Group. 'Post-Colonial Statehoods in the Global Order provides a thoughtful and insightful discussion of the post-colonial African states' search for autonomy from a global order... work helps us to think in more creative and provocative ways about the fundamental importance of the Pan-African project.' - Kweku Ampiah, Professor of Asia and Africa Studies, University of Leeds. 'This is a brilliantly formulated and a magnificent piece of work that illuminates the challenges of the state in post-colonial Africa. Araoye has written a book that is as thoughtful as it is readable, and one that is essential for anyone seeking to get to grip with the state in Africa.' - Abiodun Alao, Professor of African Studies, Kings College, London.

'The chapters in this collection provide a rich resource for those engaged in the hard work of creating and sustaining solidarity networks of activists, organizations, and institutions. ... The voices you will find in these pages well illustrate these connections across borders that teach and inspire us all.' Graca Machel, First Lady of Mozambique (1975-1986) and of South Africa (1998-1999) and author of The Impact of War on Children (United Nations, 2002). This book brings together essays from 2020 to 2024 on the theme of global solidarity in the early 21st century. It also includes a foreword by Graca Machel, as well as an introduction and a concluding short essay by William Minter. 'This powerful collection of essays and documents on Africa highlights the rich history and vital importance of transnational solidarity. The message and lessons could not be more timely. And who better to curate this collection of voices than Bill Minter anti-colonialist, anti-racist, and long-distance runner in the global fight for freedom. Let this book inspire you to speak out and organize.' Barbara Ransby, historian, activist, John D. MacArthur Chair and Professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago, and author of Making All Black Lives Matter (University of California Press, 2018). 'Global solidarity, like local solidarity, requires stepping outside the boundaries of conventional wisdom fostered by the US media and government. These authors invite us to take grassroots democracy seriously, from encampments on university campuses in the USA to uprisings (intifada) against oppressive regimes in Palestine and around the world. Our collective liberation demands nothing less.' Tiffany Willoughby-Herard, political theorist, poet, Associate Professor of Global and International Studies at the University of California, Irvine, and author of Waste of a White Skin (University of California Press, 2015). 'Building on what Graca Machel succinctly describes as 'the most successful transnational movement for justice that the world has ever seen,' the global anti-apartheid movement, this inspiring book offers us a guidebook on how to be global citizens. Minter and Countess supplement their own analysis with visionaries from Angela Davis to Winona LaDuke to expand our imaginations and offer the dynamic movements for racial, economic, gender, and climate justice of today a dazzling array of entry ramps into effective action for global justice.' John Cavanagh, former Director of the Institute for Policy Studies and co-author (with Robin Broad) of The Water Defenders: How Ordinary People Saved a Country from Corporate Greed (Beacon, 2021).

''The in-depth studies and analyses by specialists in the disciplines represented in this remarkable book confirm my own conviction that the 21st century will be the century of Africa, the African Renaissance.'' - Excellency Tidjane Thiam, President of PDCI-RDA (Parti Democratique de Cote d''Ivoire-Rassemblement Democratique Africain), former CEO of Credit Suisse, and former Minister of Planning and Development (COTE D''IVOIRE) ''This is a magnificent book representing Professor N''Dri Assie-Lumumba''s labour of love in bringing a set of papers together in conversation to shine a fresh light on a future Africa, through the lens of education as the vehicle to facilitate change and truly transform Africa. The volume is a must-read and a go-to book in our libraries.'' - Professor Oyeronke Oyewumi, Sttate University of New York at Stony Brook (USA) ''This is a brilliant and timely intervention that successfully reintroduces Africanist cosmologies and epistemologies as embedded in enduring wisdoms, philosophies and cultures that stands out as a uniquely indispensable reference work for students, researchers as well as educational and economic policymakers and political leaders.'' - Professor Ali A. Abdi, University of British Columbia (CANADA) ''I am honoured to be able to support this important book given its valuable contribution to reflection and action for the renewal of the African continent. It embodies the spirit of the African Renaissance, highlighting our immense potential and determination to shape a prosperous and self-reliant future.'' - Yassine Fall, Minister of African Integration and Foreign Affairs (SENEGAL)

Thandi writes of coming of age in apartheid South Africa, the reasons for her self-exile in the US, and her exhaustive work to liberate her people. In Measured manner and without hesitation, she shares her Atlanta-based work with prominent US civil rights leaders, students, universities, local and state elected officials, and religious congregations whom she skillfully organized across a rich diversity of race, income, political affiliations, and faiths. South Africa''s horrific apartheid enforcement, unlike the Jim Crow laws in the US, never leaves her memoir''s center stage. Its abolition was the driving force for Thandi''s countless speaking engagements, boycotts and sanctions divestment campaigns culminating with the contentious, nine years Coca-Cola campaign. Thandi demonstrates the profound influence on her activism of her parents, Nokukhanya Luthuli, and Noble Peace Prize recipient, Albert Luthuli. The memoir is an important historical account of one humble person''s perseverance. It is an inspirational guide for nonviolent actions in opposition to injustice.

In the early 1980s, Kathleen Sheldon traveled to Mozambique to pursue research for her doctoral dissertation in history, accompanied by her physician husband who worked for the Ministry of Health, and their toddler daughter who attended local childcare. Their travel there was an act of solidarity with the newly independent socialist Frelimo government, which had called for international supporters who were called cooperantes. Amidst the height of the Cold War, international politics impeded her research and her family''s access to food and other essential supplies. For many Mozambicans, those years are remembered as the mackerel years (os anos de carapau), referring to the distasteful fish that for many months was the only source of protein available in the markets.

This co-written memoir describes the grit and determination it took for one woman to find a place called home. Gobey''s happy childhood in rural Makalaangow, Somalia, is interrupted by the violence of rival warlords jockeying for power. She flees, with her family, to neighboring villages, always on the move, until she finds sanctuary in the UNHCR-run refugee camp in Kakuma, Kenya. After the loss of several loved ones, she begins her education at a UNHCR-run primary school, inside the camp. Excelling at English, she goes on to become a teacher at that school. When she learns of an opportunity to emigrate to the US, she applies, and her interviews go well. During the approval waiting period, lasting several years, she starts her own small business selling produce to other refugees. Eventually, she arrives in the American Midwest, with her family. She overcomes the humiliation of being forced to work in low-wage, labor intensive jobs, successfully adjusts to American culture, and starts a new life.

In ''Fall and Response'' Mary Weems writes about Black life from a perspective filtered through a collective cultural lens which moves seamlessly from the personal of love, marriage, motherhood, suicide and loss to the political of poverty, mis-education, police violence... the daily effect of being Black, a woman and a descendant of slaves in a continually racist America which falsely promotes the idea of diversity and inclusion publicly, when what it wants is to conserve a status quo where the majority of Blacks remain on the bottom of the bottom one hundred and fifty-nine years after the official end of slavery.

MANNISH WATER by Black Scholarly Men in 21st Century America. ''Mannish Water represents a profoundly important historical and literary intervention by offering narratives (jumpstarted by George Floyd''s murder) of Black male voices too often left out of the national conversation.'' -- Peniel E. Joseph, Ph.D., Univ. of Texas, LBJ School, Author of The Sword and The Shield, The Revolutionary Lives of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr. Those familiar with the Caribbean in general, and with Jamaica in particular, know or will recognize that ''Mannish Water is the name given to a particular dish known synonymously as ''Goat Head Soup''. It is flesh and bone. It is sacrifice. And it is power prepared with care, with great attention to detail, and served up to make us strong. In this rare collection of new and previously unpublished essays, this nonfiction anthology allows Black scholarly men as ''Black men'' to reveal their sacrifices, power and achievements through great attention to detail their flesh and their bone revealed through the profound and important telling of their personal journeys. FEATURING: Darryl W. Aaron, Lazarus Louis Baptiste, Daniel Black, Taroue W. Brooks, Askia Davis, Jaime ''Shaggy'' Flores, Hank Grimes, James Henry Harris, Thomas M. Jackson, Norm Jones, Peniel Joseph, Carlton Long, Jason Scott Manuel, Tony Medina, Oral Moses, Hugh Price, Rodney J. Reynolds, Austin L. Scott, F. Keith Slaughter, Vernon G. Smith, Shannon Travis, Olufemi Vaughan, Cecil Williams, and Yohuru Williams.

''In Okantah''s new book, A Black Voice in the Wilderness, he writes ''word sounds have power,'' which could be the four-word biography of his life. Everything about his poetry, blogs, performances, teaching, etc. centers around what happens when he uses his voice to document Black life and speak out against racial injustice through a cultural collective lens while coining new terms and phrases like: ''Truth is rinsed white,'' ''white privilege is Vanilla-ISIS,'' and ''Black people are still ''strange fruit.'' A must read.'' --Dr. Mary E. Weems, Poet, Playwright and social/cultural foundations Scholar. ''Mwatabu Okantah is a modern-day Griot giving voice to the inconvenient truths and spiritual sickness of our American story. He is one of the ''good people'' standing up to say, ''enough is enough.'' We need Okantah''s open and honest voice, these powerful poems and piercing commentary, now more than ever to wake us up to the modern plague of race hatred in this country.'' --David Hassler, Director, Wick Poetry Center. ''A Black Voice in the Wilderness must not be ignored. Okantah''s writing rips open the wounds of our racial history and allows for true and visceral vulnerability. The writing expands our consciousness as Americans still reeling in the pain of a deliberate and violent history. Okantah''s words offer us a pathway to begin to listen, and to heal.'' --Annie Fullard, Violinist, Cavani String Quartet

This book is highly recommended for use by postgraduate-level students and researchers in the socioeconomic and socio-behavioral fields. The book introduces novice researchers to commonly used econometric and statistical methods of data analysis. The methods covered in the book are commonly used for performing quantitative and qualitative data analyses in socioeconomic, demographic, public-health and socio-behavioral studies. The book is especially helpful to learners who wish to acquire basic skills in quantitative and qualitative data analysis by using statistical packages such as SPSS and STATA. Theoretical principles are outlined, followed by easy numerical examples, along with steps that need to be followed for performing data analyses and interpreting results obtained from data analyses. The book has two aspects (quantitative and qualitative data analyses). As part of the quantitative aspect, the book stipulates theoretical principles, steps needed for data analysis, and the interpretation of results of data analyses. The book provides easy examples to follow on how to use the American Psychological Association (APA) citation-and-referencing style. Examples are provided for journal articles, books, and Internet-based reports and sources of information. A sample proposal, a questionnaire of study, and a list of interview questions are provided for learners to follow. These documents are custom-made to requirements that apply to postgraduate-level studies at Tshwane University of Technology. The book also provides steps on how to use appropriate goodness-of-fit tests for all procedures of quantitative and qualitative data analysis. Such tests are required for assessing the theoretical reliability of fitted models. As part of the qualitative aspect, the book provides learners a practical example of thematic analysis, which is a commonly used method of qualitative data analysis. The book enables learners to write research proposals and perform quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis. Raw data sets are used for illustrating theoretical principles. The book performs the analyses of raw data sets in the statistical packages SPSS and STATA. Easy steps that need to be followed by learners are outlined and provided in all parts of the book.

Boko Haram, Islamic Protest, and National Security highlights one of the most serious problems of the contemporary world order - ideologically and religious motivated violence. Terrorist movements like Boko Haram represent a challenge to an understanding of contemporary Islam, distorted economic and political development, and the injustices of the international world order. The resonance between local conditions and trans-national problems raises serious issues of public policy and national security. These problems are perceived in religious terms that have dangerous consequences in terms of perceptions of Islam that undermine efforts to promote multicultural societies and peaceful interaction globally. Contributors to the volume approach the phenomenon ''from below'' by relying on primary sources, aiming to exhume the underlying roots of Boko Haram and present recommendations to generate effective policies.

Defying all odds, this book accounts for the rise of Dr. Daniel Kunene from abject poverty in the tiny town of Edenville, South Africa, to full professor at the prestigious University of Wisconsin-Madison, and to becoming an internationally sought-after poet and lecturer. Through his vivid recollections, and love of story, in the opening chapters of this book, we gain insights into his parents'' tenacious and passionate insistence that he and his three siblings get an education. Even if there were no school buildings. Even if it meant repeating a grade, he had passed with excellent scores, due to lack of money to pay the school fees for four children at the next level. Fees only blacks had to pay. Or riding a bike 15 miles through a rainstorm, then a flat tire to make it to his Matriculation exam. Or taking correspondence courses with University of Cape Town to complete his BA. Kunene''s timely and genuine sense of humour prevents any of this from becoming morose and gloomy. There is so much hope and sincerity in these efforts we gladly travel with him. He survives it all.

Modern development had its hesitant beginnings less than 300 years ago, and historians still debate the forces behind this ongoing event. It clearly is related to the organization of human efforts and the use of natural sources, but arrangements in relation to trade and access to resources are equally significant. There is no society or country that does not want to take part in what we call economic development, but without degrading people to becoming just producing automata. Still we occasionally divide the word into the developed and the less developed (or even underdeveloped) parts of the world. It is not easy to point exactly to causes for the rapid development of some countries and why others linger behind. Many theories have been put forward to explain development and the lack of it. In this book, an attempt has been made to point to some of the factors that may have had a decisive influence on development and what has hindered such development. Both historical factors and soc

A bold and new critique on the nefarious impact of imperialism in Africa, and the way forward. Maloba states, in elaborate analysis, that the future of Africa lies in socialism, in pursuit of communism. How can this revolution be attained in Africa? For those in Africa, seeking to oust imperialism, we must start from the position that this is our moment. Maloba urges us to avoid self-doubt; fear and rehearsed inclination to imagine that imperialism is permanent and indispensable in the history and future of Africa. We cannot remain indifferent to the crimes of imperialism in our societies, in Africa. Further, it is crucial to avoid the self-serving theory of looking for overripe conditions for revolution. All revolutionary conditions, even if inviting and promising, must be woven into a revolution. It is bourgeois inspired naivete to imagine that revolution in Africa can occur without effort, planning, focus, devotion, leadership. This is a conspiracy against revolutionary action. Wit

Lawrence Hamm's life links the most powerful social movements of the last 50 years. Appointed to the Newark, New Jersey Board of Education in 1971 at the age of 17, he balanced the radical world of Newark's Black Power Movement with a racially-divided city's practical public policy concerns. What were his rewards? Harsh criticism in the press, dropping out of Princeton University, being publicly attacked by the man who appointed him--Kenneth Gibson, Newark's first Black mayor--and an attempted framing on a gun he never had. It's the story of how one man juggled Princeton, the power and contradictions of the People's Struggle, employment in corporate America, marriage and fatherhood, with some days being better than others. His greatest accomplishment was helping to found the People's Organization for Progress, a grassroots activist group that for the past 39 years has been a fixture in New York tri-state area activist circles. From fighting to free Mandela in the 1970s and 1980s to protesting local police brutality cases in George Floyd/Breonna Taylor 2020 and beyond, this autobiography--an intimate portrait of one man who took his elite education, tremendous oratory skills and well-honed stamina and created a transmutational spear from it--documents how he always knew his journey meant nothing without the People.

''History is real and authentic when written by history makers. Professor Bereket Habte Selassie demonstrated this reality in his latest book. It represents a culmination of Professor Bereket''s outstanding work, and a sturdy testimonial of Ethiopia''s intellectual heritage.'' - Tseggai Issac, Chancellor''s Professor of Political Science, Missouri Univ. of Science & echnology ''Critical Narrative & Reflections on Ethiopian History, authored by a distinguished professor, Dr. Bereket Habte Selassie is written at a time of creative stagnation in Ethiopia and it could be a blessing for potential Ethiopian scholars to initiate investigative discourses on the overall Ethiopian phenomenon despite the negative impulses in the larger Ethiopian society.'' - Ghelawdewos Araia, PhD, Associate Professor, African & International Studies, Lehman

The Appropriate Technology Manifesto is based on the collective work of the International Network on Appropriate Technology (INAT) and dates back to our first international conference on appropriate technology (1st ICAT) held in Zimbabwe in 2004. Since then we have held nine international conferences on appropriate technology across Africa. INAT has also supported appropriate technology projects in Benin, Kenya, South Africa and the Sudan. In 2010, INAT presented an Appropriate Technology Declaration at a National conference on Appropriate Technology held in Washington DC. This AT declaration is a cornerstone of much of the work of INAT and anchors INAT''s approach to technology policy. This declaration can be found on our website www.appropriatetech.net.

In his book ''Unmasking Forced Displacement'' Fikre Mariam explores the multiple intersections between the older colonialist legacies and the current wrong approaches and policies that make a significant breakthrough almost impossible in regard to the issues of displacement around the world. Taking the Horn of Africa''s displacement situation as a case in point, the book discusses that a change in beliefs and values is needed to effectively address the displacement challenge. The responsibility for welcoming refugees lies primarily with states in so far as control over borders and territories are exclusive sovereign rights of states. However, in order to tackle forced displacement, empathy and solidarity are needed so that everyone has a moral duty to reach out when fellow human beings are in distress. Unmasking Forced Displacement also debunks false narratives about forced displacement. It is partly a personal story and partly a bold analysis of the real causes of why people are forced

This monograph examines the ongoing career of the internationally recognized Kalabari-British artist, Sokari Douglas Camp, from her earliest documented undergraduate works of the 1980s through more than four decades of prolific sculptural production. It describes her recursive explorations of subjects engaged in masquerade performance, costumed display, spiritual activity, danced movement, and protesting violence, pollution, and racial injustice. These diverse themes are consistently informed by her viewpoint as a contemporary, cosmopolitan, African woman. Significant personal and environmental influences are brought out in discussions of the selected works; more than eighty colour figures, many never before published, illustrate the text. Douglas Camp''s name is well-known in the Black British and International arts worlds, but the attention paid her sculpture has swelled and receded episodically: this is the first publication to consider the complexity of her career and suggest reas

This book is about the evolution of modern medical practices in the Sudan including curative medicine, public health, medical research, and education. It covers an important era from 1924, when the first medical school in the country was inaugurated and goes until the Independence of Sudan in 1956. The Sudan, known then as the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was not officially a British colony. The British came during zenith of the ''Great Scramble for Africa'' and Kitchener''s appeal for the Gordon Memorial College set the platform for modern education in the Sudan, and following his demise, his call to establish a medical school in the country was heeded. The medical school inaugurated in 1924 became the third of its kind in Africa, which helped the mesh of expanding the service to remote parts of the country. The author and translator of more than seven books on the history of Sudanese medicine walk us through a comprehensive and authoritative description of the formative years of KSM, events,

This book is a compilation of essays by prominent theologians and scholars analysing the experiences of Black people in the US and the historic and ongoing impact of systemic racism. In this instance, how do we understand the anger, holy black rage that has inflamed and enraged the American pubic since the murder of Mr. Floyd? As one of the contributors Dr. Charles Boyer says: ''Black rage is the equal and opposite reaction to unjust public policy. The outrage expressed in the streets is the rage most Black people feel but do not express externally or publicly. Black Christians seek peace, nonviolence, and reconciliation, yet Black Rage is an unquenchable fire shut up in our bones. That rage consumes us daily. We try to contain it, but the trauma weighs on our mental and physical health. Doc Rivers, head coach of the Los Angeles Clippers, expresses our outrage perfectly in just a few words; ''It''s amazing, we keep loving this country, and this country does not love us''.''

Ezra Gebremedhin (B.A., M.A., B.D., D.Th.) was born and brought up in Ethiopia, where he was also ordained into the ministry of the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus (EECMY). Ezra''s parents moved to Ethiopia from Eritrea (then an Italian colony) in the latter half of the Nineteen-twenties. He and his siblings received a deep and the lasting impression of the Evangelical Lutheran faith which had nourished their parents in Eritrea when they were young. A retired Assistant Professor of Theology at the University of Uppsala, the author has also served as a pastor not only in the Church of Sweden but also among the Eritrean Diaspora and Ethiopians of Evangelical Lutheran and other Christain persuasions. This present work reflects experiences accumulated in the course of his academic research and teaching, his pastoral ministry, and everyday contacts among Eritreans, Ethiopians, and Swedes. Since 1994, the author and his wife, Gennet Awalom, are Swedish citizens and residents of Upp

Beyond These Eyes is an adult memoir. Focused on surviving against the odds with an unwavering desire for social betterment, this is a great read for individuals interested in hearing a diverse voice that highlights a distinguished Jamaican history born out of the struggles of post colonialism where this vulnerable child fights for acceptance. Beyond These Eyes is a poignant story about the early years of the youngest of four Jamaican sisters, left behind when their mother immigrated to a foreign land called Canada in 1970. This heroine''s relentless journey to survive despite near-death experiences, illiteracy, poverty, molestation, emotional abuse, abandonment, and deceit is unimaginable. From the vivid and descriptive memories of this survivor comes a page-turner that invites the reader to relive her difficult and humble beginnings contrasted with the imagery, history and taste of the Jamaican culture, customs, and cuisine. Beyond These Eyes will impart a significant message of hope

The chapters contained in this volume explore the various political and social pillars that support Eritrean nationhood and sovereignty. These pillars of thought and action are a national imperative of which every Eritrean must be constantly reminded. The contributors to this volume are waging an intellectual struggle, similar to the thirty years of guerrilla warfare that secured Eritrea''s independent statehood and sovereignty. Contributors to this volume include: Bereket H. Selassie, ed., Awet T. Weldemichael, Samuel Emaha Tsegai, Assefaw Tekeste, Mohamed Kheir Omer, Anghesom Atsbaha, Ghirmai Negash, Abdulrazig K. Osman, Daniel Teklai and Ismail Omar-Ali.

''This is a great resource chronicling Anglophone Burkinabe literature, opening up the Francophone country Burkina Faso to the world! Kabore finally brings us a much awaited and sorely needed detailed compendium of a range of works written in English (or translated into English) starting in 1989 up to present, including poetry, plays, novels, tales, and shamen''s works. Key themes addressed, such as witchcraft, women''s emancipation with bicycle transportation, feminism, creation myths, and ecocriticism will allow scholars of Anglophone African literature to include Burkinabe literature into their comparative analysis. This book features over 25 Anglophone Burkinabe authors, the ancestors of future Anglophone Burkinabe authors. This compendium shall inspire further production of fine Burkinabe literature in English! Kabore''s call for required reading of Anglophone Burkinabe literature in Burkinabe schools; his call for these Burkinabe writers to make their English works available in Burk

In 1998 and 2000, Lawrence F. Sykes (1931-2020) and Charles Cantalupo travel together in Eritrea. Sykes in Eritrea offers a visual record and an account in poetry of their journey. Sykes''s experience as a longtime American photographer, graphic artist, professor, and citizen of the world prepares him for a unique encounter with a unique place. Cantalupo''s familiarity with Eritrea and its culture, including its writers and poets, provides him with an inimitable sense of place.

When Memuna is refused access to an Anglican Secondary school because of her name, she finds herself stuck in a British colonial legacy with no room for the ancient traditions in which she is being raised. But Sierra Leone is a complex society of Animists, Muslims, and Christians; of descendants of freed African slaves, of West Africans rescued from slave ships, and of indigenous peoples. In SENSE IN A CLEAR BOTTLE, we journey through ancestral worship and Muslim feasts, through Thanksgiving services and rugged neighbourhoods, to reveal corruption, coups, gender bias, the wretched condition of women, and undercover religious practices. This is a story of a young girl''s conflict between home and school, between Christian teachers and Muslim parents, and between community and self. The author remembers: ''I was three years old, sitting on a thin slab watching Granny bath my baby sister. ''I''m putting this bitter juice in your mouth today,'' she said, squeezing the chaff from kola nut she h