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Biomedical nanosensors play a central role in the development of diagnostics and therapeutics for early detection and treatment of diseases. This book addresses nanomaterials, constituting nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanotubes of inorganic as well as polymeric composition of nano and micro scale dimensions as sensing and therapeutic agents.

This book provides readers with the knowledge in fundamentals of nanoelectronic devices. The authors build the principles of nanoelectronic devices based on those of microelectronic devices wherever possible and introduce the inherently nanoelectronic principles gradually. They briefly review quantum mechanics and solid-state physics that can form the basis of semiconductor device physics. The book also covers the basics of electron transport and p¿n junctions, develops the operations of MOS capacitors and MOSFETs, and introduces some basic CMOS circuits. The last chapter is devoted to the nano-biotechnology application of field-effect transistors.

This book provides readers with a comprehensive toolbox for dispersing single-walled and multiwalled carbon nanotubes in thermoplastic polymer matrices. The book starts with an overview of all known techniques for dispersing CNTs in thermoplastic polymers and then concentrates on one of the most versatile techniques known nowadays: the so-called latex technology. Also discussed are the basic principles of this latex technology, the role of the matrix viscosity on percolation threshold, the importance of the intrinsic CNT quality, the use of "smart" surfactants facilitating electron transport in the final composite, the preparation of highly loaded master-batches, which can be diluted with virgin polymer by melt-extrusion, and some promising potential applications.

Polymer semiconductor is the only semiconductor that can be processed in solution. Electronics made by these flexible materials have many advantages such as large-area solution process, low cost, and high performance. Researchers and companies are increasingly dedicating time and money in polymer electronics. This book focuses on the fundamental materials and device physics of polymer electronics. It describes polymer light-emitting diodes, polymer field-effect transistors, organic vertical transistors, polymer solar cells, and many applications based on polymer electronics. The book also discusses and analyzes in detail preparation techniques and device properties of polymer electronics.

This book introduces readers to the basic concepts, classical approaches, and the newest design, development, and applications of biometrics. It also provides a glimpse of future designs and research directions in biometrics. In addition, it discusses some latest concerns and issues in this area. Suitable for a wide range of readers, the book explains professional terms in plain English. Some concepts and designs discussed are so new that commercial systems based on them may not arrive in the market in the next 10 to 20 years.

Describes the fundamentals and principles in the field of energy harvesting. This book provides the necessary theory and information to develop energy harvesting power supplies. It explains the overall system design, and gives quantitative assumptions on environmental energy.

Natural nanomaterials and nanotechnologies are all around us, which inevitably leads to these questions: What are these natural nanomaterials made of? Where can we find them? What can they do? Answering these questions will facilitate new and environmentally friendly ways of creating and manipulating nanoscale materials for the next generation of new technologies. A truly multidisciplinary resource, this book brings together studies from astronomy, physics, chemistry, materials science, engineering, geology and geophysics, environmental science, agricultural science, entomology, molecular biology, and health and provides an invaluable resource for learning how various scientists approach similar problems.

This book introduces chemical engineering students to key concepts, strategies, and evaluation methods in sustainable process engineering. The book is intended to supplement chemical engineering texts in fundamentals and design, rather than replace them. The key objectives of the book are to widen system boundaries beyond a process plant to include utility supplies, interconnected plants, wider industry sectors, and entire product life cycles; identify waste and its sources in process and utility systems and adopt waste minimization strategies; broaden evaluation to include technical, economic, safety, environmental, social, and sustainability criteria and to integrate the assessments; and broaden the engineering horizon to incorporate planning, development, design, and operations.

This book presents concepts needed to define single- and multi-component systems, starting with the Gibbs function. It helps readers derive concepts of entropy and temperature and the development of material properties of pure substances.

The book provides a comprehensive overview for the latest WBAN systems, technologies, and applications. The chapters of the book have been written by various specialists who are experts in their areas of research and practice. The book starts with the basic techniques involved in designing and building WBAN systems. It explains the deployment issues and then moves into the application areas of WBAN. The remaining chapters focus on the development of hardware, signal processing algorithms, and wireless communication and network design for wearable and implantable body sensors used in WBAN applications. The book also deals with the antenna design, propagation in and around the body, channel modeling, coexistence and power management issues, which are other critical design components for WBAN systems to achieve a successful hospital deployment.

Nanomedicine¿the application of nanotechnology to health sciences¿has the potential to address many important medical problems by exploiting the improved and novel physical/chemical characteristics of nanostructured materials and devices. This book provides a comprehensive overview on the forefront developments of nanotechnology in various domains of clinical medicine, such as cardiology, oncology, pharmacology, immunology, dermatology, virology, hematology, orthopaedics, embryology and congenital defects, dentistry, and tissue engineering. It also discusses the toxicology aspects of the engineered nanomaterials.

This book gives a state-of-the-art overview by internationally recognized researchers of the architectures of breakthrough devices required for future intelligent integrated systems. The first section highlights Advanced Silicon-Based CMOS Technologies. New device and functional architectures are reviewed in chapters on Tunneling Field-Effect Transistors and 3-D monolithic Integration, which the alternative materials could possibly use in the future. The way we can augment silicon technologies is illustrated by the co-integration of new types of devices, such as molecular and resistive spintronics-based memories and smart sensors, using nanoscale features co-integrated with silicon CMOS or above it.

This book provides an overview of biosensors based on amperometry, conductimetry, potentiometry, square-wave voltammetry, impedance, and electrochemiluminescence and describes the use of ultramicroelectrodes for the real-time monitoring and understanding of exocytosis. Areas of particular interest are the use of silver and gold nanoparticles for signal amplification, photocurrent transduction, and aptamer design. Moreover, advanced insights in the innovative concept of self-powered biosensors derived from biofuel cells are also discussed.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the chalcogenide glass science and various applications based on the glasses. It starts with a review on the glass-forming ability of various systems, followed by a discussion on the structural and physical properties of various chalcolgenide glasses and their application in integrated optics. The chapters have been contributed by prominent experts from all over the world, and therefore, the book presents the recent research advances in the area. This book will appeal to anyone who is involved in glass science and technology and glass application.

This book comprehensively covers the theoretical and practical aspects of the Schottky electron emitter. The main questions that will be addressed in this book are What is the Schottky electron emitter? How does it work? and How do its properties affect the performance of electron beam equipment? The author focuses on the direct link between the operating conditions of the source and the properties of the beam at the target level.