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Why do policymakers allow economies to settle into a "new normal" after a bad break in the economy rather than try to return the economy to its previous trend? In this book, economist Harrison C. Hartman discusses some of the variables that impact a nation's ability to recover from negative aggregate demand shocks. Spanning total real GDP, per capita real GDP, and nonfarm payroll employment in the USA, the book emphasizes the role of aggregate demand shocks in causing the US economy to fail to return to trend. The resulting book challenges modern mainstream macroeconomic theories and highlights the complexities of post-recession recovery. The chapters provide econometric evidence both for and against the impact of aggregate demand on real GDP and employment levels in the long run. Hartman studies modern macroeconomic theories related to economic resilience and demand using (a) the velocity of money and the equation of exchange and (b) econometric analysis to dissect modern macroeconomic theories related to economic resilience and demand. The book provides methods to estimate and evaluate trends, and after simple methods for estimating trend and discussing associated results, the book turns attention to model selection, hypothesis testing and further results. This book also offers some possible areas for future work. A thought-provoking exploration of economic recovery or lack thereof, the book covers aggregate demand, employment, real GDP, and economic theories (classical, Keynesian, monetarist, neoclassical, new-Keynesian, and post-Keynesian perspectives). Bad Breaks in Real GDP and Employment is a timely and essential guide for economists navigating the complexities of past, present, and future macroeconomic landscapes. It explains the functionality of aggregate demand in the context of economic recession, offering insight into why some AD shocks feel permanent. This book provides econometric evidence supporting Keynesian and post-Keynesian perspectives on the potential importance of aggregate demand in determining real GDP and employment levels in the long run, particularly in cases when real GDP and employment fail to recover fully after recessions. This book is one of few contemporary works (a) explicitly noting the economic importance of money velocity and (b) focusing on econometric analysis that at least at times supports post-Keynesian perspectives.

This book explores why inflation surged globally in the 2020s, where we are heading and what lessons we can draw from it. Following a decade of too-low inflation, inflation suddenly surged in 2021-22 to its highest levels in 40 years in the US and Europe. The book introduces a simple economic framework and adopts a global perspective to compare the inflation experiences across the US, Europe, and Asia. Among the key questions the authors tackle is 1) why the West suddenly experienced surging inflation when their central banks had been fighting too-low inflation in the 2010s, 2) why so few economists saw the inflation resurgence coming, and 3) why China now faces deflation. The great inflation resurgence has taught us several key lessons, namely that inflation is a global phenomenon with local characteristics, that economists should rely more on broad economic thinking, and less on models when large shocks occur, and finally that fiscal policy is a major differentiator. The authors, a central banker and an economist on the 'buy side', offer key lessons for both central banks and financial markets while anticipating where inflation might be headed.

This book analyses contemporary and future conditions of global finance and capitalism in an age of catastrophe. It illuminates the links between various crises that have beset the world economy in recent decades and sets these in philosophical context, drawing on the work of Marx, Bataille and Baudrillard to forge new understandings of the impact of capitalist hegemony on society and nature. The book introduces the concept of the 'over' as a lens through which to reflect on capitalist excess and its negative consequences, such as over-accumulation of goods, over-pollution of the environment, and over-speculation of capital. In particular, it shines a light on the trends of financialization and stagflation, with chapters examining increasingly embedded features of the world economy such as hyper-inflation, the dominance of advanced economy central banks, the phenomenon of repurchase agreements, new asset managers for the ultra-wealthy and index funds to show how capitalist structures continue to drive inequality, ecological breakdown, and geopolitical precarity on a global scale. With a rigorous philosophical and theoretical framework, this book will appeal to political economists, Marxist economists and scholars interested in theories of capitalism.

This book advocates for teacher professional development done differently. The author introduces a process described as 'crystallizing conscientização', which restores agency to teachers. Looking beyond incremental improvements in teacher micro-skills promoted by neo-managerial approaches to professional development, the book considers the wider impact of teachers' personal, professional and political identities on their work. This critical reflective practice combines crystallization as method with Freirean principles of conscientização, asking questions that reveal the impact of whiteness in schools and the role that education performs in replicating whiteness and perpetuating injustice. The book will appeal to academics in the diverse fields of sociology of education, critical race theory, critical whiteness studies, curriculum and pedagogy and teachers' work, as well as providers of initial teacher education programs and pre-service teachers.

This book argues for the reconstitution of the cultural in African cultural industries and societies. It posits that African cultural industries face a deep-seated problem of the crisis of normativity that is largely rooted in the coloniality of modern cultural policy and an unconscious, but pervasive anti-Black racism culture in the continent itself. The book places hope for re-animating African agency and national cultural identities in the decolonization of cultural policy and cultural industries as consciousness industries. Only through relevant cultural policy, a higher-order cross-institutional moral and ethical value system for reconstituting the cultural in post-colonies, can Africa build truly democratic, progressive, cosmopolitan, decolonized, and self-respecting citizens and societies. Using decolonial cultural policy studies, the book develops a decolonial cultural critique that locates African culture industries within the racialized power dynamics of capitalist modernity. It explores the decolonization praxis of cultural industries and acknowledges the complexity of cultural decolonization iniatives in a continent that is so diverse, interconnected, globalized, and facing newer modes of colonialism that are aggressive and covert.

This book examines for the first time how ancient Egypt is reflected in early modern Venetian sources. As a center of the printing industry, Venice was an important hub for the accumulation and dissemination of direct information on the Near East and the Levant. Therefore, ancient Egypt played a significant role in the cultural memory of Venice due to the lagoon city's religious and mercantile orientation towards the East. The book explores how the acquisition, selection, and interpretation of Egyptian objects took shape in Venice, and which actors were involved in the circulation of knowledge about ancient Egypt. Venice can be used as a lens through which to understand the reception of ancient Egypt in the early modern period. Meaningful and partly unpublished sources from primarily Italian archives highlight the visual imagination of ancient Egypt and its lexicographical codification. The author draws upon these sources to examine the Venetian image of ancient Egypt in the early modern period and the epistemic change that accompanied it.

This edited book outlines the conceptualization, development, and use of a novel set of Culturally Sensitive Curricula Scales (CSCS) as an instrument for students to rate the cultural sensitivity of their curriculum, as well as a self-reflection tool for educators to use in order to make curriculum changes. The book provides insights from the use of the tools collectively and individually in a range of higher education institutions across the UK, to inform curriculum revision nationally and internationally.

This book explores the development of coffee substitutes in nineteenth-century Sweden. In doing so, it considers the the threshold between the preindustrial and industrial periods by analyzing trade, consumption, social, economic, and environmental changes, and the Second Agricultural Revolution. By analyzing the development of coffee substitutes in Sweden, the project discovers even the social and gender norms connected to the usage of new beverages. Connecting developments in Sweden with wider European and global contexts, it provides a unique insight into the period's environmental and food histories. Finally, the book traces how reenactment takes place through growing plants and preparing historical beverages.

This book investigates a range of major sociological debates and policy studies related to gender, family, marriage, health, intersectionality, and social exclusion of single mothers in Thailand. It does so by analyzing ethnographic data gained from participant observation at NGOs and a psychiatric hospital, in-depth interviews with single mothers and social workers, and a review of government policy documents and reports from 2020 and 2021. The conceptual framework of the study draws on gender as a social construct and intersectionality as critical social theory. Using this framework, the book aims to offer new scholarly insights by looking at single mothers as a category of multiple and overlapping oppressions, marginalization, and exclusion, which intersect not only with gender, class, and ethnicity but also with other significant categories, such as hometown neighborhood, religion, and health conditions, all significant but under-researched subjects in the Thai context. Moreover, the book also provides policy recommendations to the Thai government to improve its social policies for single mothers and achieve gender equality in Thailand.

This book focuses on securitization and authoritarianism in Turkey with research on the country's Islamist populist ruling party's (AKP) oppression of different socio-political, ethnic and religious groups. In doing so, it analyzes how the AKP has securitized to oppress different socio-political groups and identities, according to the time and need for the party's political survival. Research in the book sheds light on the use of traumas, conspiracy theories, and fear as tools in the securitization and repression processes.

In this anthology, a journey around the world and through time is undertaken in 21 countries on no less than six continents. In this way, the global reception of one of the biggest media events to date is given contour. Based on the coverage of the first manned moon landing, the global history of the Cold War at the time of the Space Race can be told in its many different local facets as well as in its worldwide interconnectedness.Against the backdrop of current efforts by various countries to return to the moon or even to establish a space army, as well as in view of the extremely tense geopolitical situation, which is already being invoked in many places as 'Cold War 2.0', such a global look back to the time of 'Cold War 1.0' certainly seems relevant in order to better understand the present and near future of political (media) cultures.

Euro-American misrepresentations of the non-West in general, and in particular on Hinduism and ancient India, run deep and have far greater colonial connections than that have been exposed in academia. This book analyzes the psycho-social consequences that Indian American children face after they are exposed to the school textbook discourse on Hinduism and ancient India. The authors show that there is an intimate connection--an almost exact correspondence--between James Mill's colonial-racist discourse and the current school-textbook discourse. The very parameters and coordinates on which James Mill constructed the discourse are the ones that are being used to describe Hinduism, Hindus, and ancient India in the textbooks currently. Consequently, this archaic and racist discourse, camouflaged under the cover of political correctness, produces in the Indian American children a psychological impact quite similar to what racism is known to produce: shame, inferiority, embarrassment, identity confusion, assimilation, and a phenomenon similar to racelessness where the children dissociate from the tradition and culture of their ancestors. This book argues that the current school textbook discourse on Hinduism and India needs to change so that the Indian American children do not become victims of overt and covert racism. For the change to occur, the first step is to recognize the overarching and pervasive influence of the colonial-racist discourse of James Mill on the textbooks. For the reconstruction of the discourse to take place, the first step is to engage in a through deconstruction, which is what the book attempts.

This book explores the ideas of nine renowned economists to present the evolution of economic thought on the development and trajectory of capitalism as a system. The author shows how this diverse group of thinkers are linked by their thinking on the future role of capitalism in society and fleshes out the influences informing each economist's work. With chapters dedicated to Karl Marx, Joseph Schumpeter, Thorstein Veblen, Henry George, Gunnar Myrdal, Alfred Marshall, Allyn Young, J. M. Keynes and Amartya Sen, the book aims to analyse contrasting views on the future of capitalism in historical perspective and make a critical assessment of their insights in contemporary contexts. While considering the views of some thinkers such as Marx, Schumpeter, and Veblen who critiqued capitalism, the book does not view capitalism beyond redemption, nor is meant to be a critique of capitalism in its conclusions. Rather, it argues that thinkers like Marshall, Myrdal, Young and Keynes were more right in their optimism about the future prospects of capitalism than many others. It argues that capitalism can be reformed through the democratic process in a more humane direction. This can happen if democracy works for all, and if discriminating privileges and crony capitalism are eschewed. This book is valuable reading for scholars and students of economic history and the history of economic thought.

This book examines the economic relationship between Africa and Europe. It highlights the stigmatized narratives about Africa and analyses how they influence a range of key actors and processes. This is illustrated by the actions of European actors who reinforce negative narratives through replacing real economic transformation and development with charity, while African leaders compete to maximize aid donations and help further these narratives. This book acknowledges the complex history of the relations between Africa and Europe and details the ways in which Africa has become a peripheral player in the world economy. It will be relevant to researchers and policymakers interested in development and African economics. This is an open access book.

This book traces the history and coherence of the use of the word 'representations' from its origins, particularly in the description of artefacts, to its use in the description of so-called mental and neural representations in the mind and in the brain. It is shown that there are no good reasons for this transition. Experimental psychology is confused in taking what one perceives to be a mental representation. Neuroscientists need to avoid moving readily between the notions of neural and mental representations; indeed even the logic of taking a pattern of neural activity as standing for some sensibly experienced characteristic requires elucidation. It is concluded that the word 'representation' when used in experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience is confounding.

The COVID-19 pandemic laid bare economic weaknesses throughout the Caribbean region, and humane standards of living are at risk. This book highlights the retooling that must be done to promote economic stability in this important area of the world. It contributes to ongoing discourse regarding Caribbean economies and highlights the long-term issues that must be addressed to move forward. Today's economic challenges are more complex than ever before. If nations continue to seek economic growth using outdated methods, there will not be progress. In this book, economists Terence M. Yhip and Brian Alagheband provide new ways to promote economic stability throughout the Caribbean, offering ideas and proposals to reinvigorate economic growth through the adoption of technology and investment in human capital. With these new priorities, raising total factor productivity is the strongest objective if the goal is to accelerate GDP per capita. The countries are debt-strapped; heavy foreign borrowing is not a viable option. Technology and innovation are driving economic growth, and Caribbean countries need access to digital and digitized resources today. Economic issues in this region cannot be addressed and solved without intervention, and it is essential for governments to focus on the shifting landscapes today. The book offers strategies to diversify the production and export of complex goods and services. The authors note that the necessary capabilities can take nations decades to build. Such investment will require trade-offs and sacrifice. Progress cannot and will not be immediate, but such modifications will produce meaningful economic returns. The book includes a chapter on Guyana, a rising economic "superstar" due to the nation's oil. Questioning whether oil will cure or worsen economic and political problems, the authors examine the persistence of racial divisions and the curseof non-renewable resource.

This book presents an exploration of autoethnography in language education research as a qualitative method with the potential to decolonize language education practices and include marginalized scholars in knowledge generation. The author situates the method of autoethnography within the field, arguing that it has taken too long for autoethnography to be considered an established research method in language education in particular and in educational research in general. He then addresses tensions at the macro and micro levels of autoethnography, discusses its characteristics, and describes the processes and procedures involved in conducting autoethnographic research. This book will be of interest to graduate students and scholars in language education and related disciplines such as anthropology, communication studies, sociology, and broader educational research.

This edited collection is an interdisciplinary examination of Apple TV's Severance, in which employees of a biotech firm consent to having their brains severed so that their work selves and non-work selves do not retain each other's memories. What transpires is a reckoning with the very nature of the self, consciousness, and memory, through a series steeped in explorations of capitalism, social welfare, and bioethics. Chapters in this book examine the popularity and critical acclaim surrounding the show; its retrofuturistic asethetic; its commentary on popular culture and identity; and its engagement with nostalgia, among other topics.

Advanced Strategic Management offers a distinctive evolutionary perspective, unveiling consistent processes that shape competitive dynamics. It goes beyond traditional boundaries, exploring evolutionary trends across industry life cycles, commodity cycles, and the business cycle. Seamlessly integrating analyses of environmental trends and the transformative impact of the digital revolution, the book underscores the crucial role of regulations and taxes in influencing firm-level performance.A key strength lies in its holistic coverage, encompassing core elements of competitive and corporate strategy while delving deeper into advanced models and tools for strategic evaluation, formulation, and implementation. This depth equips readers, including future business leaders, with a profound understanding of competitive dynamics.The book's unique approach integrates strategic management with adaptive leadership, offering readers a comprehensive and practical perspective rooted in extensive research and international case examples. This approach ensures global relevance. Instructors will find the book's wealth of examples, tables, figures, and references invaluable for class preparation. The abundance of statistical data facilitates students' comprehension of evolutionary forces and their impact on competition and performance. The structured pedagogy streamlines teaching, and the addition of PowerPoint slides further enhances its educational utility.In summary, Advanced Strategic Management is a comprehensive, globally aware, and practically oriented resource that bridges the gap between theory and application. Its innovative approach and rich content make it an indispensable tool for students, educators, and practitioners navigating the complexities of modern strategic management.

This book provides guidance for improving primary classroom reading instruction. As education stakeholders now recognise, there is an urgent need for policy and practice beyond phonics and for improved reading outcomes. This timely text supports a well-balanced, effective and affective classroom reading programme. The author describes the co-generative work of Belinda, a Brisbane based primary teacher and her Year Three class. In a sequence of 24 descriptive vignettes, she provides details of the activities in which Belinda engages her students-, in weekly sessions dedicated entirely to literary appreciation and educative reading for enjoyment. The project illuminates the beauty of book blether - the significance of students' literary talk. The author applies John Dewey's philosophy on aesthetic experience in explanatory responses to Belinda's teaching, and demonstrates how this work might be replicated in the primary classroom. The book will appeal to pre-service teachers and educators, academics in the field of reading instruction, dialogic pedagogy and literacy improvement, as well as primary school practitioners.

This book addresses a notable gap in African sociological knowledge by leveraging extensive empirical data covering all 54 African countries and drawing on historical insights from across the continent. Offering a nuanced understanding of African society, it signifies an unprecedented endeavour committed to unravelling the intricate tapestry of African society. The analysis presented in the book goes into the dynamic evolution of sociological topics, their interconnections with African knowledge, the identification of contemporary themes, methodological diversity, and contemporary challenges and issues of indigenisation, decolonisation, and promoting an Africa-centered sociology.

This edited volume focuses on the (un)equal access to the public space granted to the various groups that make up hybrid and multicultural societies: i.e. majority vs minority groups, immigrants vs non-immigrants, and so forth. With 'access to public space' the authors refer not only to participation through discursive practices in the public arena (e.g. political, social and institutional debates) but also to a full operationalization of the knowledge, habits and opportunities attached to true citizenship. Furthermore, in contexts of inequality and sociocultural conflict, the role of mediators has always been underscored as third-party figures (in)formally acknowledged and authorized - by participants in the interaction and/or external bodies - to set the ground for mutual understanding and foster balanced communication. Such mediation can range from interpreting in legal and medical encounters to dispute-resolution practices in situations of sociocultural clash among groups or individuals. Therefore, as is shown by the contributions in this volume, (intercultural) mediators are key agents in facilitating integration and providing disadvantaged groups with effective tools to gain access to the public sphere.

This book presents advances the importance of restorative justice in today's energy transition across the world. It emphasizes the importance of a fair, equitable and inclusive shift towards a low-carbon economy. It recognizes climate change as the primary global challenge and advocates for an urgent and comprehensive energy transition where restorative justice is centrally utilised. Restorative justice focuses on identifying harm, assigning responsibility, protecting those affected, repairing damage, preventing future occurrences and providing a crucial foundation for seeking justice. It encompasses various forms of harm (economic, environmental, and social) and includes all stakeholders, including individuals, communities, and the environment. By providing a secure and structured platform for dialogue, restorative justice allows for diverse perspectives, challenging conversations and action for a just and sustainable world.

This five-volume series, British Women's Writing From Brontë to Bloomsbury, 1840-1940, historically contextualizes and traces developments in women's fiction from 1840 to 1940. Critically assessing both canonical and lesser-known British women's writing decade by decade, it redefines the landscape of women's authorship across a century of dynamic social and cultural change. With each of its volumes devoted to two decades, the series is wide in scope but historically sharply defined. Volume 3: 1880s and 1890s analyses confluences and developments in women's writing across two fin-de-siècle decades. Its 16 original essays reconsider fiction by canonical and lesser-known women writers, redefining the landscape of female authorship during these decades. By exploring women's fiction within the social and cultural contexts of the 1880s and 1890s, the collection distils in terms of women's writing how these decades discretely build on earlier workthat is identifiably Victorian. The last two decades of the century, in distinctive ways, witnessed literary experiment, reflection on the limits of realism, and a fruitful sense of confusion about what was ending and what was about to begin.

This book investigates value co-creation processes within the context of circular entrepreneurship. By rooting the book in value co-creation theory, the author addresses the following research questions: How do value co-creation processes impact organizations? And how could circular firms gain legitimacy through value co-creation processes? Through an empirical study based on interviews with circular entrepreneurs and focus groups involving both entrepreneurs and a sample of co-creating customers, the author offers an empirical framework of value co-creation processes and resulting organizational changes. The book is informative for both academics and practitioners. From a theoretical point of view, it contributes to value co-creation theory, the growing circular entrepreneurship literature, and organizational studies. From a managerial perspective, it informs aspiring circular entrepreneurs and managers about the potential of value co-creation processes in supporting their firms in gaining legitimacy and becoming learning organizations.

This textbook offers a practical and engaging introduction to spatial econometric modelling, detailing the key models, methodologies and tools required to successfully apply a spatial approach. The second edition contains new methodological developments, new references and new software routines in R that have emerged since the first edition published in 2014. It also extends practical applications with the use of the software STATA and of the programming language Python. The first software is used increasingly by many economists, applied econometricians and social scientists while the software Python is becoming the elective choice in many scientific applications. With new statistical appendices in R, STATA and Python, as well as worked examples, learning questions, exercises and technical definitions, this is a significantly expanded second edition that will be a valuable resource for advanced students of econometrics.

This volume provides a comprehensive yet accessible introduction to the phenomenon of verbal irony and sarcasm and the methodological aspects of its study. The chapters in this volume employ quantitative and qualitative measures of the use of verbal irony and sarcasm in both adults and children. The methods used by the contributors range from self-report questionnaires and comment elicitation to experimental studies using comprehension and production tasks, to a qualitative analysis of naturalistic data. The volume contains both theoretical chapters and empirical results. By examining verbal irony and sarcasm in a range of cultural contexts, the chapters also show that cultural norms of communication may affect both the use and understanding of irony in specific ways and should therefore be taken into account in research.

This book is the first detailed analysis of how the EU responded to Brexit. It is an important reference point for future studies of the Brexit negotiations. The authors conducted in-depth interviews with key institutional players in Brussels and in several member states to document how the EU handled the first-ever exit of one of its members. The Brexit shock came at a time when the EU had barely recovered from the Euro crisis and was struggling to manage an unprecedented inflow of refugees. The immediate fear was that Brexit might be the final straw that broke the camel 's back.Eurosceptics were jubilant, and Europhiles were distraught. In reality, the EU reacted to Brexit with resolve and a determination to protect the polity. The book argues that getting the process right was crucial. The EU mobilised its collective capacity to negotiate effectively and with one voice.

This book examines how popular narratives of Canadian identity became implicated in Canada's foreign policy in the Global War on Terror. McDonald argues that Canada's decisions to join the 2001 Afghanistan War yet abstain from the 2003 Iraq War became politically possible because parliamentarians linked these policies to similar narratives of an enduring Canadian identity - even while re-imagining their meanings. These decisions are explored through politicians' mobilization of three discourses: Canada as America's neighbour, Canada as protector of foreign civilians, and Canada as a champion of multilateralism. This book challenges conceptions of national identity as entirely stable or fluid and contests predominant arguments that downplay the role of identity discourses in Canadian foreign policy. The relevance of these narratives is assessed by exploring the rhetoric of Canadian foreign policy in light of contemporary international challenges, including the Donald Trump presidency, the COVID-19 pandemic, and Russia's War on Ukraine.

This book discusses the transformation of the banking industry, particularly after a number of recent shocks: 2008 financial crisis, 2012 Euro-sovereign crisis, the pandemic COVID-19 crisis, the technological revolution, and reputational problems in banking due to climate risk and ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) metrics.The book emphasizes two post-pandemic issues: the role of financial education and inclusive finance, and responsible banking and ESG priorities. Individual chapters analyse how the pandemic shed new light on social and governance responsibilities: Major issues include the importance and efficiency of financial education, and the impact of ESG programs on firms' value, banks' probability of default, bank business models and reputation risk. The book also addresses investors' behaviour and the factors which may bias financial disclosure and reporting. By addressing whether the post-2008 crisis bank restructuring has effectively created a resilient and sustainable banking system - mostly from the European market's perspective - the book will be of interest to researchers, academics, policy makers, and professionals of banking and financial institutions.