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Cardiovascular disease refers to the class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. While the term technically refers to any disease that affects the cardiovascular system, it is usually used to refer to those related to atherosclerosis. Chronic heart failure (CHF) has emerged as a major world-wide epidemic. This book gathers the latest research in cardiovascular disease with a focus on such topics as hemodynamic examination using echocardiography in critical care; transesophageal echocardiography during the implantation of core valve percutaneous aortic prosthesis; left atrial radio frequency ablation with mitral aortic valve surgery; intraoperative defibrillation threshold testing; and the pathogenesis and future treatments of chronic cardiac rejection.

Life is a mix of good and bad happenings and sometimes terrible things happen to people. Trauma is evident across our lifespan; it is part of our lives. Trauma may not exert the same demands on the individual when they get on with their lives or experience other positive aspects of what life has to offer; however, it does not change its form from trauma to growth -- it stays there etched into our psyche as trauma. In simple terms, growth occurs alongside the traumatic etchings. This is a book that will provide some answers to psychologists, counsellors, social workers and mental health workers about what happens to people who are traumatised and how they ''get on with their lives''; it also gives some excellent examples of how therapies can assist them in moving forward in life''s journey.

Even with all the advances in technologies, humans continue to suffer from the consequences of flooding century after century. This book covers two pertinent topics: flood risk and flood management. Experts world-wide share their knowledge on these topics and highlight solutions to the flooding problems in the 21st century. Topics discussed in this book include spatial explicit multi-criteria flood risk; identification of social obstacles in solving flooding problems in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina; participative planning processes in flood risk management and in integrated watershed management; new economic instrument for integrated management of muddy flow risks; flood hazard mapping using hydrodynamic modelling approach; and simulation of flood reduction by means of complex structural measures using hydrodynamic modelling and aerial photogrammetry-derived digital surface model (DSM).

This book focuses on essential aspects of caesarean delivery: procedures, complications and recovery in a straightforward manner. The book is divided in five parts: the first part is introductory, including basic concepts such as the history and epidemiology of CS. The second part describes specific procedures, tubal ligation (with its benefits and complication) and anaesthesia for CS. The third part focuses on maternal as well as neonatal short and long term complications. Recovery is covered in the forth part of the book, including early feeding, wound care, and mobilisation to prevent thromboembolism. Controversial issues are covered in the last part of the book including ethics of unindicted caesarean delivery, vaginal births after caesareans delivery and the preferred timing for elective caesarean delivery.

Osteoporosis is a systemic, debilitating disease of the skeleton, characterised by significantly decreased bone mass in combination with the deterioration of bone microarchitecture. This process results in weakened bone with a great propensity for fracture under low-energy stress. This book presents current research in the study of the risk factors, symptoms and management of osteoporosis. Topics include the influence of osteoporosis in oral health; assessment of risk fracture risk and therapeutic effects on osteoporosis; diagnosing future bone fracture; genetic and environmental factors in human osteoporosis; the pathogenesis of skeletal complications in patients with endogenous hypercorticism; genetic and postmenopausal osteoporosis risk; and severely suppressed bone turnover associated with bisphosphonate for osteoporosis.

Relations between Australia and New Zealand, also sometimes referred to as Trans-Tasman relations due to the countries being on opposite sides of the Tasman Sea, are extremely close with both sharing British colonial heritage and being part of the Anglosphere. In this book, the authors gather and present current research in the study of the economics, environmental, and health care issues in both New Zealand and Australia. Topics included in this compilation include pharmaceutical contaminants in the New Zealand environment; environmental sustainability in Australia; the electricity distribution industry in New Zealand; specialist medical care issues in New Zealand; fisheries management agencies in Australia; climate change and child health in Australia; and coal-bed natural gas development and environmental implications in both Australia and New Zealand.

Uranium has both radioactive and chemical hazards and risk assessments must address both types. Its environmental distribution depends on natural occurrence and has been influenced by human activities such as energy production, coal, and phosphate fertiliser exploration, which may impact freshwater ecosystems. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the characteristics, occurrence and human exposure to uranium. Topics include the anthropogenic sources of uranium in Serbia; uranium mining in Portugal; laser-induced nuclear decays in uranium isotopes; uranium hydrothermal deposits; and geophysical studies to evaluate geological and hydro-geological features in old uranium mines.

A synchrotron is a particular type of cyclic particle accelerator in which the magnetic field and the electric field are carefully synchronised with the travelling particle beam. In this book, the authors discuss the design, properties and applications of synchrotrons. Topics include synchrotron radiation as a tool to study fragmentation of chlorine containing molecules; undulator radiation in multiple magnetic fields; molecular clustering and molecular imaging to study biomoleculars and biopolymers in heterogeneous biological tissues; nanoscale diffusion and solid state reaction in layered structures; in-situ real-time synchrotron x-ray scattering; and synchrotron-based fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

In this book, the authors present current research in galactic study including its evolution, morphology and dynamics. Topics included in this compilation include the nature of motion in quiet and active galaxies with a satellite companion; empirical age-metallicity relation and empirical metallicity distribution of long-lived stars of different populations; radio quiet AGN properties vs. spin paradigm; and turbulent formation of protogalaxies at the end of the plasma epoch.

Much of recurring congestion is due to physical bottlenecks -- potentially correctable points on the highway system where traffic flow is restricted. While many of the nation''s bottlenecks can only be addressed through costly major construction projects or costly transportation alternative solutions (ie: high occupancy vehicle or toll lanes, dynamic pricing, investments in transit alternatives, etc.), there is significant opportunity for the application of operational and low-cost "fixes" at spot-specific locations. This book provides guidance to state and local transportation personnel on how to overcome barriers and challenges with reference to the implementation of localised congestion relief projects.

Agriculture is one of the defining elements of a nation. This series consists of analyses on a variety of agricultural issues including (but not limited to) developments, policies, programs, trade, trends and economics. (Topics will be seen from a U.S. perspective, but not to the exclusion of other countries particularly when the discussion has an international scope).