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This book presents original research results on the leading edge of chemistry research. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial research results across a broad spectrum. Topics discussed include the physicochemical properties and applications of dichloromethane; innovative strategies in endotoxin free plasmid DNA production; the electrolytic dissociation of thio derivatives of dicarboxylic acids; tetravalent ion conducting solid electrolytes; and biomolecule and layered double hydroxide assemblies.

This book consists of 16 chapters. The topics include the study of an application of Traditional Medicine (TM) to cancer care, a new anti-cancer TM drug without any strong side-effect, TM for chronic fatigue syndrome and viral hepatitis, mechanisms of licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism, anti-tumour effects of gomisin A, interactions between TM drugs and Western drugs, pharmacoeconomic evaluations, primo vascular system, a sustainable approach to TM, and medical ethics. This book will open a new window to future research on TM.

Asthma is a complex disorder characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, airflow obstruction, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, and underlying inflammation. Although asthma is commonly thought of as a disease of children and young adults, a significant percentage of the older adult population is affected and carry a higher rate of morbidity and mortality from the disease. This book examines the causes, complications and treatment of asthma with topics including mathematical modelling in aspirin-induced asthma; the role of neuroimmune and psychological systems in the pathophysiology of bronchial asthma; special considerations of asthma in older adults; changes in the respiratory epithelium in bronchial asthma; and epidemiology of asthma during pregnancy.

This book on human rights practices chronicles dramatic changes and the stories of the people defending human rights in the countries of Afghanistan and Pakistan; with a focus on providing lawmaker''s decisions on foreign military and economic aid. Respect for human rights is not a western construct or a uniquely American ideal; it is the foundation for peace and stability everywhere. Universal human rights include the right of citizens to assemble peacefully and to seek to reform or change their governments, a central theme around the world.

Pursuant to the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, every person accused of a crime is afforded the right to have counsel in his or her defence, even if unable to afford such representation. Individuals accused of a crime but unable to afford representation, referred to as indigent defendants, often rely on entities such as public defender offices for the provision of counsel. Several organisations, including the National Legal Aid and Defender Association, conducted national studies of indigent defence, pointing out many challenges in providing counsel across the country, including inadequate funding of defence programs as a whole, inadequate compensation for assigned counsel, lack of investigative resources, inexperienced counsel, and under-staffing of public defence offices. In affording indigent defendants their right to counsel, both state and local governments generally decide the type of indigent defence programs to employ and how to fund them. This book provides a look at federal support and international perspectives of indigent defence.

This book is an examination of the minimum performance standard developed in collaboration with the Office of Law Enforcement Standards to determine the requirements and test methods for the ballistic resistance of personal body armour intended to protect against gunfire. The standard discussed specifies the minimum performance requirements that equipment must meet to satisfy the requirements of criminal justice agencies and the methods that shall be used to test this performance. Body armour manufacturers and purchasers may use this standard to help determine whether specific armour models meet the minimum performance standards and test methods. The National Institute of Justice standards are subject to continued research, development, testing, review, and revision and are re-evaluated and modified as necessary.