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Book & CD. Coal mine dust is one of the most serious occupational hazards in the coal mining industry, and overexposure can cause coal workers'' pneumoconiosis (CWP) and a number of other lung diseases, collectively referred to a black lung disease. CWP has been the underlying or contributing cause of death for more than 75,000 coal miners since 1968. This book provides an overview of key studies, background history and health reviews on occupational exposure to respirable coal mine dust.

This book provides an overview of instances in which the United States has used its armed forces abroad in situations of military conflict or potential conflict or for other than normal peacetime purposes. A survey of past U.S. military ventures abroad, without reference to the magnitude of the given instance is discussed with a focus on military deployments in multinational operations associated with NATO or the United Nations; U.S. military presence in Okinawa and the Futenma base controversy; and U.S. defence deployments in Guam.

In the global economy, real estate and construction issues are constantly changing and the dynamic nature of these issues accelerates the rate at which the changes take place. This process has far-reaching implications for stakeholders (practitioners, academics and policy makers) in the real estate and construction sectors. There is thus the need for cutting edge research that would continuously identify, monitor, and evaluate the dynamics of these changes in order to assist stakeholders to improve upon practice, policy formulation, teaching and learning. Real estate and construction issues are interconnected. However, they are often treated as if they are not. To remedy this misrepresentation, there is the need for research that engages with these issues to be conducted in an integrated manner. This book, which is the first of a series on these issues, is in response to that need. This book integrates research in these interrelated disciplines from an international perspective.

The Department of the Interior (DOI) manages ocean energy and mineral resources, including oil, natural gas, wind, and geothermal resources. Federally regulated offshore oil and gas projects currently account for 26% of the nation''s domestic oil production and about 16% of domestic natural gas production. In addition to generating these domestic energy supplies, federally regulated offshore energy projects account for significant public receipts, including approximately $6.5 billion in 2011. This book provides an overview of the DOIs reform, reorganization and offshore energy management with a focus on ocean energy programs and oil and gas management.

Over the years, the United States has been concerned about threats to Latin American and Caribbean nations from various terrorist or insurgent groups that have attempted to influence or overthrow elected governments. Although Latin America has not been the focal point in the war on terrorism, countries in the region have struggled with domestic terrorism for decades and international terrorist groups have at times used the region as a battleground to advance their causes. This book examines Latin America as a national security threat with a focus on Iran''s increasing activities with Venezuela; drug-trafficking related violence in Mexico and Columbia; and Cuba''s lack of cooperation in antiterrorism efforts.

Innovation benefits consumers through the development of new products, processes and services that improve lives and address unmet needs. It is key to meeting society''s greatest challenges in areas as diverse as energy production, communications and health care, and it is essential to sustained economic growth and global competitiveness. But innovation is a complex process. It involves a series of steps from idea to invention through development to commercialization, each of which can be expensive, risky, and unpredictable. The goal of the patent system is to promote innovation in the face of that expense and risk. This book begins by examining the role of technology markets and patent markets in innovation today. Chapter 1 discusses collaboration and technology transfer which have become increasingly important pathways to innovation with significant benefits for consumers. Chapter 2 describes the increasing activity and complexity of business models in markets for patents that do not involve technology transfer, and Chapters 3-8 make recommendations for adjustments to the legal rules and practices governing notice and remedies to better align them with competition policy without undermining patent law''s support for innovation.

Congress''s contempt power is the means by which Congress responds to certain acts that in its view obstruct the legislative process. Contempt may be used either to coerce compliance, to punish the contemnor, and/or to remove the obstruction. Although arguably any action that directly obstructs the effort of Congress to exercise its constitutional powers may constitute a contempt, in recent times the contempt power has most often been employed in response to non-compliance with a duly issued congressional subpoena whether in the form of a refusal to appear before a committee for purposes of providing testimony, or a refusal to produce required documents. This book examines the source of the contempt power, reviews the historical development of the early case law, outlines the statutory and common law basis for Congress''s contempt power, and analyses the procedures associated with inherent contempt, criminal contempt, and the civil enforcement of subpoenas.

Numerous federal, state, and local agencies share responsibilities for regulating the safety of the U.S. food supply. Federal responsibility for food safety rests primarily with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The combined efforts of the food industry and government regulatory agencies are often credited with making the U.S. food supply among the safest in the world. This book provides an overview of the organization, regulatory tools, and resources in place to adequately monitor food safety in the United States

American consumers deserve to trust the safety of the food they purchase for themselves and their families. While we enjoy one of the safest food supplies in the world, it requires constant monitoring. We need to be able to rapidly identify and address risks to our food supply as a result of new disease agents, new food technologies, changes in U.S. demographic and dietary patterns, and an abundance of food imports resulting from an increasingly globalised food supply. The federal government has taken important steps to protect an increasingly complex food supply. In March 2009, President Obama created the Food Safety Working Group (FSWG), a central coordinating mechanism for the federal government''s food safety activities that is led by the Department of Health and Human Services and the USDA. This book provides an overview of the progress and assessments of the Federal Food Safety Working Group with a focus on results oriented goals and performance measures for food safety oversight.

Amber Alerts (also referred to as AMBER plans) were created to disseminate information about child abductions in a timely manner. Research has found that most abducted children murdered by their kidnappers are killed within three hours of the abduction. Prompt response to child abductions is therefore deemed critical by many. Amber Alert plans are voluntary partnerships including law enforcement agencies, highway departments, and companies that support emergency alerts. This book discusses best practices and program technology for Amber alerts.

This book presents a selection of federal acts including the Posse Comitatus Act; the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA); the Arsenal Act; the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA); the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA); the Fair Credit Reporting Act and the Combating Autism Act.

Human malnutrition is a serious health problem worldwide. Traditionally, malnutrition is referred to as under-nutrition. However, during the last three decades, the problems of overweight and obesity have reached alarming proportions necessitating the coinage of the term "globesity" which refers to global obesity. Thus, malnutrition manifests itself as a dual burden: under-nutrition and over-nutrition. Both these burdens have serious implications regarding morbidity and mortality. In this book, there are 15 chapters which discuss these dual burdens. These chapters address diverse aspects of human nutrition including birth weight, under-nutrition, overweight and obesity, nutrition interventions, micronutrients and other co-variates of malnutrition. Confounding factors of malnutrition are also highlighted.