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"Advances in Genetics Research" presents original research results on the leading edge of genetics discovery. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial research results across a broad spectrum. In this continuing series compilation, the authors present and discuss varied topical data such as late diagnosis in multiple X and Y chromosome disorders; the design and cloning strategies of recombinant allergens for diagnosis and specific immunotherapy; the advances in molecular cloning directing the production of plant proteins and their applications in pathogens control; the genetic basis of congenital heart disease; the large-scale evolution by generating new genes; characteristics of MX gene that shows resistance to vesicular stomatitis virus; the vertebrate fatty acid and retinoid binding protein and proteins; and the clonal evolution and cytogenetic changes in chronic myeloid leukaemia.

This book presents original research results on the leading edge of chemistry research. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial research results across a broad spectrum. Topics discussed include the antibacterial and anti-fouling properties of lipophilic bismuth compounds; rheology of carbon black suspensions; characterisation of carbon blacks; doubly bonded molecules containing bismuth and other group 15 elements in the singlet and triplet states; growth of nanocrystals from amorphous bi; mathematical theory of noble gases; and properties of rarefied noble gas flows.

Although the disease called avascular necrosis (AVN) was discovered in Egyptian mummies, there is a lack of information available in understanding and treating this pathology. AVN is a condition where cellular death of bone components occurs due to an interruption of the blood supply. Nusem discusses the morphopathological appearance of AVN. Avascular necrosis tends to affect young adults and often progresses despite appropriate treatment. Although some of the predisposing factors have been recognised, the pathogenesis of AVN remains unclear. Cheung discusses hypotheses and pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the disease while Lloyd addresses new advances in the field of radiology. Most authors agree that successful treatment directly relates to the stage of the disease, which in most case is reflected by a specific classification system. Each chapter will provide an overview of the specific systems most commonly used for the anatomical region described therein. Various anatomical locations more commonly involved with AVN are discussed specifically. Nusem discusses a rare spinal disorder characterised as avascular necrosis of a vertebral body occurring in a delayed fashion after minor trauma (Kümmell''s disease). The femoral head is most commonly affected by AVN; the clinical presentation and existing treatment options are discussed by Cowie and coauthors. AVN around the knee is presented by Myers and colleagues while AVN affecting the foot is presented by Nihal and coworkers. In the upper extremity AVN of the capitellum (Panner''s disease) is presented by Shamimudeen while AVN of the lunate (Kienböck''s disease) is discussed by Rhau and colleagues and AVN of the scaphoid (Preiser''s disease) is described by Wong and his coworkers. Although AVN is not common in the paediatric age group, Jabur presents on AVN after slipped femoral capital epiphysis. Bone marrow oedema is a common finding in MRIs done in patients with AVN and Nusem will discuss bone marrow oedema syndrome and its differential diagnosis.

This continuing series gathers and presents original research results on the leading edge of medicine and biology. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial topical data across a broad spectrum. Topics discussed in this book include chemokines for stem cell mobilisation; the first cases of syphilis; caryopsis xylem and its interactions; the effects of physical activity on bone mineral density in the femoral neck; therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for Ebola haemorrhagic fever; fractalkine/CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 in rheumatoid arthritis and related conditions; hydrogels; cell replacement therapy and retinal destructive diseases; and a situation analysis of human resource issues in the pharmacy profession in Sudan.

Driven by rapid developments in protein and DNA sequencing technologies, systems biology has become an important research paradigm. It is marked by an emphasis on integrating data on multiple scales and creating a framework for developing predictive models that are valid across the spectrum of structural hierarchies found in biological systems. This book consists of fourteen original chapters and an introduction that together provide a comprehensive introduction to the subject starting from discussions of its definition and scope and ending in detailed reviews of how the systems approach is affecting clinical research and practice. Most chapters are written to be accessible to a wide readership and contain references to the latest research. Altogether, this is a state-of-the-art description of the present and future of systems biology.

Materials science encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including research on the outstanding contributions in the area of polymeric micro and nanoparticles as drug delivery systems; strategies to modify the inorganic clays and to make them compatible with polymeric matrices and the effect of each one; present problems of ceramic lubricating materials, and the design principle of these materials; the study of Pincina alginite and its applications; the methods of determining the composition of polarons with different mobility and their main magnetic, relaxation and dynamics parameters from effective EPR spectra and the development of glass fibre reinforced polyester composites.

Nanotechnology is the study of the controlling of matter on an atomic and molecular scale and is also very diverse, ranging from extensions of conventional device physics to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly. This book gathers and presents data on nanotechnology, including basic introduction on nanoimprint lithography, the technology and materials, and how to use them for achieving an optimum result for research or industrial applications; strategies to obtain well-dispersed, with improved mechanical properties nanocomposites; information about the growing field of nanomaterials formed by green nanotechnology for bioapplication in medical science to minimize the potential human health and environmental risk; the polymer filling process in nanoimprint lithography performed by molecular dynamics simulation; the optical properties and sizes of gold nanoparticles and its practical applications; and the study of the rheological properties of ferrofluid particles and how it compares with some existing models.

This book presents research in the field of business and management from around the world. This book provides a meta-theoretical framework for understanding the nature of organisational wisdom based on learning traditions. The authors of this book also draw some guidelines that can be useful in approaching the concept of the business model in a well-structured way, providing an in-depth investigation of the various research streams and perspectives. Other chapters review the contemporary corporate governance framework in Chinese listed firms after the substantial financial reform in 2005; statistical tools developed to measure latent traits widely used in education and psychology, called Item Response Theory; the concept of brand promise and what it means to the consumer stakeholder; tourism consumption patterns in terms of economic development; and deterministic and stochastic business cycle models that incorporate consumption in specific ways.

The Evergreen Programme is a group-based therapeutic programme for older adults with acute mental illness which has been in place since 2003 at St. Patrick''s University Hospital, Dublin. The Evergreen Guide is compiled by members of the multidisciplinary team, from a diverse range of disciplines, who deliver this programme in an inpatient unit of the largest mental health facility in Ireland. This publication reflects the broad range of topics and material which form the basis of the 6-week rotational programme. The Evergreen Programme was designed to be an interactive group programme for older people with a range of psychological conditions that could bridge the gap between diversional activities and psychotherapy. We believe that this book will be of particular interest to health professionals who deliver group-based therapy to older people and will also be a resource for long-term care facilities, as well as community-based active retirement groups and day hospitals, and other acute inpatient facilities. The book reflects a holistic approach to the treatment and rehabilitation of older people recovering from acute mental illness. The chapters are presented in a format that prompts discussion and participation through the use of reflective questions at the start of each chapter, followed by six, discrete weekly modules'' reflecting the present organisation and operation of the Evergreen Programme. Clinicians can pick up this guide and begin to use it immediately, as a manual or road map in a group setting, for imparting the practical principles and strategies needed by older people to maximise their physical, mental and creative abilities. The breadth of topics covered is diverse ranging from successful aging, to spirituality, to the safe use of medication. All of the material is written by the team of clinicians who have considerable individual skill and knowledge, not only in relation to the theoretical material, but also in respect of the optimal methods and manner for imparting this information to groups of older people. Mental health professionals will appreciate this practical and detailed guide which will increase their effectiveness, relevance and competence in working with older people.

Human sexuality involves sexual attraction to another person, which for the most part is to the opposite sex (heterosexuality), some to the same sex (homosexuality) or some having both (bisexuality) or not being attracted to anyone in a sexual manner (asexuality). Human sexuality is determined by many factors, like cultural, political, legal and philosophical aspects of life, but also morality, ethics, theology, spirituality and religion. Sexuality is as old as mankind and interest in sexual activity is very much related to the onset of puberty and the period of schooling. In this book, we have gathered papers from around the world in order to discuss issues of sexuality from an international perspective.

This book focuses on the current political and security issues with the U.S. and Kenya relations. The U.S. government views Kenya as a strategic partner and anchor state in East Africa, and as critical to counter-terrorism efforts in the region. Kenya has repeatedly been a target of terrorist attacks, and, as the September 2013 attack on an upscale Nairobi shopping mall underscores, terrorist threats against international and domestic targets in Kenya remain a serious concern. Kenya has enjoyed a long history of economic leadership in East Africa as the largest and most advanced economy in the region. However, ethnically-charged post-election violence left approximately 1,200 dead and 600,000 displaced, causing many to reassess Kenya''s investment climate. This book discusses the serious concerns regarding corruption and governance in Kenya while also exploring neighbouring countries, which have maintained higher growth rates and more political stability.

For much of the twentieth century, discrimination by private real estate agents and rental property owners helped establish and sustain stark patterns of housing and neighbourhood inequality. Beginning in the late 1970s, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has rigorously monitored trends in racial and ethnic discrimination in both rental and sales markets. This book presents findings from the fourth such study, which applied paired-testing methodology in 28 metropolitan areas to measure the incidence and forms of discrimination experienced by black, Hispanic, and Asian renters and home buyers.

Adolescence is the critical period or rather process in human development, where the individual leaves the dependency of childhood and enters a period in which dramatic changes occur, eventually resulting in what society identifies as adulthood. It is a complex developmental time involving sociological, psychological and physiological issues that starts with puberty and ends sometime in the third decade of life with central nervous system maturation (parents would want this period to be much quicker and shorter). The goal of adolescence is to develop an autonomous adult, who is capable of functioning at intellectual, sexual, and vocational levels acceptable to society. Prevention and management of health problems in children and adolescents can prevent considerable morbidity in adults. Working with adolescents is difficult, frustrating and very rewarding at the same time. In this book, we have gathered international research to show you a picture of health issues in adolescence and during the school period of human development.

Promoting safe operation of commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) and reducing the number and severity of crashes on U.S. roadways is critical to the mission of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). Research on distracted driving has increased over the past several years, due, in part, to the increasing number of reported crashes involving cellular telephone (cell phone) use while driving, recent literature reviews that highlighted some key findings and a study that described the magnitude of the problem in light (passenger) vehicles. There is a knowledge gap regarding the operation of trucks (three-axle or more trucks and tractor trailers/tankers) and buses (including transit and motor coaches, but referred to as "buses" hereafter) in regards to distracted driving and, more specifically, cell phone use and tenting while driving. The aim of this book is to use existing data to document the prevalence of distractions while driving a commercial motor vehicle.

Nigeria is one of the pivotal states of Africa and is extremely important to U.S. diplomatic and economic interests on that continent. However, Americans'' general lack of knowledge or misunderstanding of Nigeria undercuts our interactions with this crucial state to the detriment of both sides. Nigeria is considered a key power on the African continent, not only because of its size, but because of its political and economic role in the region. In the southern Niger Delta region, local grievances related to oil production in the area have fuelled simmering conflict and criminality for over a decade. This book focuses on the government''s efforts to negotiate with local militants which have quieted the restive region, but the peace is fragile and violent criminality continues.

A terrorist attack in a major city using an RDD or an IND could result not only in the loss of life but also have enormous psychological and economic impacts. Major cities are assumed to be preferred targets of such attacks, and local governments, along with their states, have primary responsibilities for early response (within the first 24 hours), with assistance from federal sources, as necessary, coming later. A disjointed or untimely response could increase the impact and undermine public confidence in federal, state and local governments'' ability to respond to an attack. This book provides background for understanding the RDD threat and responses, and presents issues for Congress.

The androgen receptor (AR) mediates a wide range of physiological actions of androgens in cells and tissues. Contributions to this volume cover distinct topics of AR signalling, extending from the structural aspects of AR to its role in androgen-associated diseases and potential clinical applications. Some key issues covered include an overview of structural aspects of AR genes and proteins in mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrate species and a description of the identified AR splice variants in pathological and non-pathological conditions. The structural and functional analysis of coding and untranslated regions of AR are discussed in the context of diseases such as androgen insensitivity syndrome, spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, polycystic ovarian syndrome and breast, ovary and prostate cancers. The role of AR regulated genes implicated in prostate cancer progression is also explored. This book is a comprehensive conceptual review of the recent findings on AR genes and protein structure, molecular variants, ligands, target genes and signalling mechanisms. Graduate students, scientists and professionals can use it as both a study text and a reference for research purposes.

According to USDA''s Economic Research Service (ERS), the national net farm income, a key indicator of U.S. farm well-being, is forecast at a record $121 billion in 2013, up 6% from last year, and about $3 billion above 2011''s previous record. In addition to record net farm income, farm wealth is also at record levels. This book discusses the USDA''s Economic Research Service (ERS), which originally developed a farm typology that has been used over the years extensively in ERS publications and USDA analyses to help clarify the distributional impacts of policy, market, and technological developments.

The Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009 ("CARD Act" or "the Act") changed the landscape of the credit card market. The CARD Act was enacted to "establish fair and transparent practices related to the extension of credit" in this market, regulating both the underwriting and pricing of credit card accounts. The CARD Act directs the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau to conduct a biennial review of the consumer credit card market, including the effect of the Act on the cost and availability of credit and the adequacy of protections for consumers relating to credit card plans. This book presents the findings of the Bureau''s review and the impact of the CARD Act on the marketplace.

This book focuses on the geostationary weather satellites and polar weather satellites. Geostationary environmental satellites play a critical role in our nation''s weather forecasting. These satellite, which are managed by the Department of Commerce''s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), provide information on atmospheric, oceanic, climatic, and solar conditions that help meteorologists observe and predict regional and local weather events. They also provide a means of identifying the large-scale evolution of severe storms, such as forecasting a hurricane''s path and intensity. The Editors of this book discuss the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) program, planned to be a state-of-the-art, environment-monitoring satellite system that would replace two existing polar-orbiting environmental satellite systems.

The Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee undertook an in-depth, comprehensive bipartisan investigation of procedures to dispatch detainees from the Guantanamo Bay detention facility (GTMO) over the past decade. This included an examination of mechanisms intended to prevent former detainees from re-engaging in terror-related activities. This book explores how the Bush and Obama administrations, in reaction to domestic political pressures and a desire to earn goodwill abroad, attempted to advance strategic national security goals, and "release" or "transfer" GTMO detainees elsewhere.

Zooplankton organisms comprise very important elements of the structure and function of marine and freshwater ecosystems, not only as consumers of primary production, but also as food items for juvenile stages of several fish species. Moreover, its sensitivity to both man-made and natural changes makes zooplankton quite suitable for assessing alterations in the trophic dynamics and the ecological state of aquatic ecosystems related to changes in nutrient loading and climate. Multi-scale, spatial and temporal relationships between zooplankton variability and environmental heterogeneity are still not satisfactorily understood due to the complexity of the different aquatic ecosystems (considering both biotic and abiotic elements). Thus, the ambition of the present edition is to contribute to the understanding of the role of zooplankton by investigating ecological aspects such as the species diversity, their spatial distribution and seasonal dynamics in relation to the environmental influence in various aquatic ecosystems around the world. Topics discussed in this book include the understanding of the role of zooplankton in the transfer of pollutants through trophic food webs; plankton models to explain red tides; spatial patterns of trophy and zooplankton communities in a tropical urban reservoir; the zooplankton variation in five Greek lakes; the zooplankton community in a nuclear power station cooling reservoir; the spatio-temporal dynamics of cladocera and copepoda in the Danube River; the gelatinous zooplankton in the Namibian upwelling region; and the zooplankton community in relation to the environmental factors in a solar saltern.

There are many books on polyneuropathy available that are comprehensive in nature. Many of these are encyclopedic in their scope. However, there are very few books that review the basics of clinical neurophysiological testing, genetics and the commonly encountered neuropathies. There are even fewer that are willing to address less commonly encountered neuropathies such as amyloidosis and neuropathies associated with HIV infection. Many such textbooks also avoid interdisciplinary topics such as the management of pelvic floor dysfunction and the surgical treatment of compression and traumatic neuropathies. This book addresses this void by dividing this book into three distinct sections. The first three chapter section addresses basic clinical neurophysiological techniques, genetic testing and the inherited neuropathies. The larger middle section addresses acquired demyelinating neuropathies, monoclonal gammopathies, HIV neuropathy and familial amyloidosis. The final section concludes with a summary of neuropathies affecting pelvic function and a plastic surgeon''s approach to the treatment of compression and traumatic neuropathies. The authors who wrote these chapters have extensive expertise in these topics such that the literature review was comprehensive. The final chapter on the surgical treatment of compression neuropathies may be viewed as controversial by some and even heretical by others but it provides a unique perspective on the management of patients who are symptomatic and yet have relatively unremarkable clinical and electrodiagnostic investigations. The reader will find up to date information on a variety of topics; common and uncommon. This book attempts to educate as well as challenge the reader.

Based on the mature development of microfabrication technology, micro-scale electrodes, i.e., microelectrodes, for the electrical observation of activities in micro-scale environment become realisable. This technique opened a new avenue for micro-scale observation and measurement besides the optical technique. This book presents the techniques, structures, and applications of using microelectrodes in a micro-scale environment. It covers a broad spectrum of topics and the state of the art techniques in the field. As such, the book is divided into four sections, comprising 11 chapters written by recognised experts from leading groups around the world. The reader will gain a unique perspective on the challenges and emerging opportunities in the technology of microelectrodes.

In many real-world applications, the problems with the data used for scheduling such as processing times, set-up times, release dates or due dates is not exactly known before applying a specific solution algorithm which restricts practical aspects of scheduling theory. During the last decades, several approaches have been developed for sequencing and scheduling with inaccurate data, depending on whether the data is given as random numbers, fuzzy numbers or whether it is uncertain (ie: it can take values from a given interval). This book considers the four major approaches for dealing with such problems: a stochastic approach, a fuzzy approach, a robust approach and a stability approach. Each of the four parts is devoted to one of these approaches. First, it contains a survey chapter on this subject, as well as between further chapters, presenting some recent research results in the particular area. The book provides the reader with a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction into scheduling with inaccurate data. The four survey chapters deal with scheduling with stochastic approaches, fuzzy job-shop scheduling, min-max regret scheduling problems and a stability approach to sequencing and scheduling under uncertainty. This book will be useful for applied mathematicians, students and PhD students dealing with scheduling theory, optimisation and calendar planning.

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) consists of a series of disorders varying from primary snoring to OSAHS. Untreated SDB affects cognition, behavior, development, and the child''s quality of life. Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are the primary treatment for child SDB. However, recent studies found that many children with SDB had abnormal PSG after surgery, and in this case, NPPV should be used. Of course, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation is not just a supplemental therapy for surgical treatment of SDB. It is also an important non-surgical option with well documented clinical efficacy and safety. However, during long-term home-based therapy, intensive follow-up and close monitoring of caregivers is necessary to ensure patient safety, particularly for children in the developing countries and regions. We have done some research about children''s CPAP therapy, especially in the internet-based remote monitoring field, and had published some articles. We had evaluated the practicality, convenience and satisfaction of the remote monitoring system, and we will be glad to share our experience with more people.

This monograph summarizes the data of the prospective study on the immunological characteristics of cancer patients with sepsis and septic shock developed after surgery. Patients without signs of infectious complications and symptoms of organ failure, as well as a group of healthy donors, were considered as references. The comparative analysis of blood parameters that characterized humoural and cell immunity (concentrations of cytokines and their receptors, immunoglobulins, lipopolysaccharide and other active biomolecules) has been performed. An estimation of diagnostic and prognostic significances of these parameters has been performed as well. In the final chapters, the properties of the new perspective hypercrosslinked polymeric hemosorbents are presented. The monograph could be interesting for a wide array of specialists in the fields of resuscitation, healthcare therapy, oncology and surgery, as well as for researchers aimed toward the development of new types of biocompatible materials.

Under the Appointments Clause, the President is empowered to nominate and appoint principal officers of the United States, but only with the advice and consent of the Senate. In addition to this general appointment authority, the Recess Appointments Clause permits the President to make temporary appointments, without Senate approval, during periods in which the Senate is not in session. This book begins with a general legal overview of the Recess Appointments Clause and a discussion of applicable case law that existed prior to the D.C. Circuit''s decision in Noel Canning. In Noel Canning v. National Labor Relations Board, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (D.C. Circuit) ruled that President Obama''s appointments of three Members to the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) were constitutionally invalid. This book focuses on the ramifications that the Noel Canning decision might have on the President''s authority to make recess appointment by providing a legal analysis of Noel Canning and the applicable case law that existed prior to that decision. The U.S. Constitution explicitly provides the President with two methods of appointing officers of the United States. This book also provides an overview of the Recess Appointments Clause, exploring its historical application and legal interpretation by the executive branch, the courts, and the Comptroller General. It also reflects on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit''s decision in Noel Canning v. Nat''l Labor Relations Board, which held that the President''s three recess appointments to the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) were invalid.

A curriculum is not known to improve academic achievements. This book offers case studies of three Connecticut districts of high, medium and low socio-economic status, three districts from a national sample that won the prestigious Booker prize mainly representing low SES districts, and 10 districts that have implemented a Balanced Curriculum with a sample of various SES districts from high to low. All of them have used their curriculum as the vehicle toward improved achievements. The districts studied have four common themes, represented by the acronym "ASIA", for Alignment, Structure and Stability, Implementation and Infrastructure, and Assessment. All districts aligned their curriculum to state standards and assessments. They had a structure for the curriculum and had stability at the superintendent''s position. The districts applied a lot of effort and attained results from implementing the curriculum and developing the infrastructure to support implementation, and they finally incorporated frequent district-wide assessments into their design. The book documents the subsets of these four areas that were present in most districts that might help other districts to replicate the findings. Research in the four areas is also documented. This book demonstrates through the case studies that it is possible to use curriculum as a framework for raising test scores. This is not normally thought of as a path to improved achievements. The fact that districts from a wide range of socio-economic statuses have used their curriculum to improve achievements demonstrates that a wider application of this direction could yield positive results for other districts.