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Chapter One focuses on investigational data on the fluorescence of DNA complexes inside neutrophils in flow cytometry with nanometre spatial resolution. Fluorescence visualises oxidative activity of all coding and non-coding DNA parts in the full set of chromosomes. Chapter Two studies real-world networks based on a centrality metric called the Leverage Centrality metric which has been recommended as a means of identifying neighbourhood hubs. The LevC of a node is a comparative measure of the connectivity of a node vis-a-vis its neighbours. In Chapter Three, the author goes on to examine neighbourhood overlap, bipartivity index, and algebraic connectivity as edge centrality metrics to measure the consistency of links for mobile sensor networks. For several instances of node density and mobility, the author observes the stability of the network-wide data gathering trees determined using the proposed three edge centrality metrics to be significantly larger than the stability of the LET-based data gathering trees. Chapter Four explores fractal dimensions for networks by reviewing theory and computation, including: the box counting dimension, the correlation dimension, the mass dimension, the transfinite fractal dimension, the information dimension, the generalised dimensions, and the sandbox method. Finally, Chapter Five proposes a fusion condition with the goal of preventing wrong fusions and alleviating the effect of the resolution limit. The suggested condition can also be used in other algorithms that make community fusions.

In Chapter One, the specific patterns and applications of micro extraction techniques in bionalysis are reviewed. The various micro-extraction techniques can be classified into two rudimentary categories: solid-phase micro-extraction and liquid-phase micro-extraction, which are derived from conventional solid-phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction, correspondingly. Next, an overview of the application of solid-phase micro-extraction in assessing target chemical families in different alcoholic beverages is provided. The results re-count the last 10 years of scientific publications, concentrating on the extraction conditions used for investigating different compounds in wines, beer and spirits according to the chemical families. Additionally, the authors discuss optimisation strategies for achieving accurate quantification. Chapter Three presents research on solid phase micro-extraction its advantages. Since solid phase micro-extraction was presented in the early 1990s, there has been an increase in research on new methodical solutions in many research facilities around the world that could potentially increase use of this technique. In Chapter Four, modern uses of new sorbent coatings in solid-phase micro-extraction are analysed. The combination of molecularly imprinted polymers with solid phase micro-extraction results in a possible technique for sample preparation, predominantly considering their described success in recent literature.

Adelina Moura, PhD beings by presenting a study wherein an educational game for Android devices was developed with the goal of motivating students to study a Portuguese author of classic literature in Chapter One. In Chapter Two, Ana Nobre, PhD and Adelina Moura, PhD review the results of two studies, one on mobile learning in teaching French as a foreign language and the other on Portuguese language as a native language. Next, Chapter Three by Mohamed Sarrab, Hafedh Al-Shihi, Zuhoor Al-Khanjari, and Asharul Islam Khan also presents a study, this time on the correlation between internet and mobile experiences and mobile learning acceptance. In Chapter Four, Ronald Hoyt Robertson III deliberates on a pilot study of the Lazy User Model to identify situations where mobile learning is more beneficial than e-Learning. Afterwards, Chapter Five by Yen-Ting Lin and Yi-Chun Lin deliberates on the implementation of mobile learning in a flipped classroom. In Chapter Six, Tiziana Maria Sirangelo presents a study on the function of mobile technologies in learning and teaching activities in science education, after which Servel Miller, PhD and Katharine E. Welsh, PhD discuss students perceptions on Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) in Chapter Seven. Lastly, Chapter Eight by Judith Ramsay, Melody M. Terras, and Elizabeth A. Boyle examines the challenges of game-based learning.

In the first chapter, Urka Vrabic Brodnjak, Ph.D., Deja Muck, Ph.D., Helena Gabrijelcic Tomc, Ph.D., and Igor Karlovits, Ph.D. provide a review of the many facets of printed smart labels in packaging, including the categorisation, materials, techniques, environmental impacts, applications, and future trends. In the second chapter, Maja Klancnik, Ph.D., Helena Gabrijelcic Tomc, Ph.D., Diana Gregor Svetec, Ph.D., Marica Stareinic Ph.D., and Tatjana Rijavec, Ph.D. give an overview of electrically conductive materials, fibres, inks, and printing solutions. In the third and final chapter, Umit Y. Ogras, Ujjwal Gupta, Jaehyun Park, and Ganapati Bhat compare FHE systems-on-polymer with traditional systems-on-chip.

Experimental surgery is an important link for the development in clinical surgery, research and teaching. Experimental surgery was part of the most important surgical discoveries in the past century. Since 1901 nine Nobel Prizes have been awarded to the pioneers had remarkable achievements in the basic or practical surgery. In recent 20 years, experimental surgery has achieved new advances, like laparoscopic and robotic surgery, tissue engineering, and gene therapy which are widely applied in clinic surgery. The present book covers wide experimental surgery in preclinical research models subdivided in two volumes. Volume I introduces surgical basic notions, techniques, and different surgical models involved in basic experimental surgery and review the biomechanical models, ischemia/reperfusion injury models, repair and regeneration models, and organ and tissue transplantation models, respectively. Volume II introduces several specific experimental models such as laparoscopic and bariatric experimental surgical models. The second volume also introduces graft-versus-host disease, and other experimental models. Review the advances and development of recent techniques such as tissue engineering, organ preservation, wound healing and scarring, gene therapy and robotic surgery. The book documents the enormous volume of knowledge we have acquired in the field of experimental surgery. In this book, we have invited experts from the United States, Canada, France, Germany, China, Japan, Korea, UK, Sweden, Netherland, Hungary and Turkey to contribute 36 chapters in the fields of their expertise. These two volumes are the compilation of basic experimental surgery and updated advances of new development in this field that will be invaluable to surgeons, residents, graduate students, surgical researchers, physicians, immunologists, veterinarians and nurses in surgery.

Stergios Papadimitriou and Lefteris Moussiades begin Chapter One by comparing and contrasting some aspects of ScalaLab and GroovyLab, the MATLAB-like environments for the Java Virtual Machine. Additionally, this chapter highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the two environments while examining the dilemma of whether to use dynamic typing or static typing for scientific programming. Next, Chapter Two by Marija Mitrovic Dankulov and Jelena Smiljanic express how computational techniques might be used to determine the structure and dynamics of Meetup social groups. Lastly, Vladimir Loncar, Ivana Vasic, and Antun Bala review a numerical algorithm based on the Crank-Nicolson split-step semi implicit method in order to solve the nonlinear partial differential Schrödinger equation.