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This book presents a comprehensive knowledge on the diseases and pests of fibre crops, causing economic damage. It covers major disease and pest damages with the methods to combat them in fibre crop cultivations. The diseases and pests are described elaborately, giving emphasis on both morphological and molecular characteristics of pathogens and biology of different insect pests. The latest and most up-to-date knowledge on these aspects which acquired from diverse, complex, contemporary scientific discoveries in the field of fibre crop diseases and pests are compiled and presented in this book. This book is written in eight major chapters, each representing a certain type fibre crop, except for chapter 2 (two) which deals with both Mesta (kenaf) and Roselle for their similarities in disease and insect pest attacks. Each of the eight chapters is again subdivided into 2 or 3 (only for Chapter 2) subchapters to deal with different types of diseases and pests separately. This is a reference book in textbook format which intended to provide undergraduate, postgraduate and research personnel a means to acquire deeper knowledge on diseases and pests of nine major fibre crops, viz., cotton, jute, kenaf, roselle, sunnhemp , sisal, ramie, flax and hemp. Plant pathologists, entomologists and agricultural research scientists, and in academia, may find much of great use in this book. 2019, 716pages, figures, tables, colour plates, index, 25cmSubrata Biswas, Ph.D., is Principal Scientist, Crop Protection Division, ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, West Bengal.

Especially maize breeding, agronomy, plant protection, statistical designs and socio-economic aspects of maize are explained very well inside this book. The volume comprehensively presents information available on the managing maize research activities from trials to manuscript preparation which could fill the gap of knowledge and information on this important part of maize research. The unique feature of this book is information on different aspects of maize experimental designs, observations recording, data analysis and how to write and publish the research report in well renowned journal. Most of the text books still are more focused on basic theoretical concepts of crop only but lacking practical sense and application so researchers and academicians still feel great gap in practical application of experimental designs and explaining research output to the world. This book tries to give some practical ideas to researches how to organize research experiments in maize and what are the basic parameters to be dealt under different areas of maize research and development.

Agribusiness can be defined as science and practice of activities, with backward and forward linkages, related to production, processing, marketing, trade, and distribution of raw and processed food, feed and fiber, including supply of inputs and services for these activities. Managerial skills are crucial for business people to take appropriate decision for profit maximization. The business management skills help in developing the entrepreneurs and business people to their full potential to scale up and run their organizations successfully. The book covers all the management domains starting from general management, marketing, finance, entrepreneurship and human resources and is edited and compiled for easy reading.

A Study on the Interrelationship of U and Rn in Groundwater of Hard Rock Aquifers Hydrogeochemical Quality of Groundwater in and Around Neyveli Lignite Mining Area An Attempt to Determine the Mountain Front Recharge (MFR) by Using State of Saturation Index (SI) of Carbonate Minerals Determination of Coastal Vulnerability Using Isotope and Geochemistry Hydrogeochemical and Inverse Modeling of Coastal Aquifers A Study on the Removal of Fluoride in Groundwater by Using Natural Materials Assessment of Seawater Water Intrusion Mapping Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography in Coastal Tracts Identification of Submarine Groundwater Discharge in Coastal Aquifers Using Geo Chemical Parameters Understanding the Influence of Colloidal Concentration on Groundwater Chemistry Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Groundwater at Various Lithological Conditions with Space and Time Understanding the Seawater Intrusion Along the Coastal Aquifers Using Geochemical Techniques Use of Geochemical Methods to Evaluate the Hydraulic Connection of Aquifers Understanding the Distribution of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Layered Coastal Aquifers A Study on the Lithological Influence on Uranium Concentration in Groundwater of Hard Rock Aquifers A Study on the Impact of Landuse Pattern on Groundwater Identification of Spatial Extent of Fluoride Contamination in Groundwater

The book is designed as an introductory undergraduate and graduate course for engineering, science and mathematics students of all desciplines. The Numerical Methods book covers all the major aaspects such as numerical computation; linear system of equations; solutions of algenric and transcendental equations; numerical differentiation; finite differences and interpolation; curve fitting, regression and correlation; numerical integration; and solutions of ordinay and partial differential equations. This book is written in simple and easy language, in systematic manner, student-friendly and numerical problem solving orientation. Balance is maintained between theory and its examples. Each concept can be justified with the help of examples (which is unavailable in other books) as student may come dilemma to find the solution of the concept from other books. So learning is with the help of examples, as examples are the best source to learn and remember that particular problem. At the end of chapters, excercise questions are given..

In the backdrop of remarkable strength and achievements of modern medical science, an overwhelmingly large proportion of world population still depends upon varying indigenous systems for meeting its health care needs. These systems, exemplified by Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha, rely on traditional knowledge of indigenous communities about health-imparting and curative properties of plants. Such plants of health promoting and curative value are currently collected from the wild in large amounts and face threat of loss of diversity and extinction. Because of this reason, and the imperative of improving them genetically for productivity and the desired trait quality, it becomes desirable that the needed demands for them are met from organised cultivation and not by extraction from natural stands. Meeting complex demands of the above mentioned kind will require collation and presentation of detailed information about the targeted plant species.The book is an attempt to meet this requirement for nine important plant species, viz., Panax ginseng, Polygonatum spp., Picrorhiza kurroa, Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Crepedium acuminatum, Tribulus terrestris, Ephedra spp. Crataegus rhipidophylla and Ginkgo biloba.Each chapter provides information on different plants on aspects such as, reproductive biology, medicinal, chemical and pharmacological aspects, threats and conservation, cultivation, commercial status, future directions for research, value addition, patents and literature cited. The book will be of interest to a very wide and diverse audience, which includes academics and researchers, interest groups of drug industry, administrators and policy makers.

This will be also helpful to the under graduate students of agriculture and horticulture with polytechnic courses of agricultural engineering, agriculture and horticulture subjects running in the different SAU'S. In this book numerous solved examples of all the major sub-topics of Farm Power & Machinery Engineering subject are given in two main sections (i) Farm Machinery and (ii) Farm Power. Farm machinery is divided into sub-section like useful formulas and equations related to farm machinery, tillage implements, sowing and planting implements, plant protection implements, harvesting and threshing machineries, other farm machineries etc. and Farm power section is also divided into sub-sections like useful formulas and equations related to farm power, engine power, transmission system, engine components, tractors, other sources of power etc.

Sustainable livelihood security of resource poor farmers is the top priority for the nation today. However, there is wide gap in productivity of various horticultural commodities among different eco-regions, where horticulture can play significant role particularly in arid and semi arid regions, it is far below than the potential productivity. Hence, sustained and steady growth in rural income is critical for positive impact on living standard of various stakeholders. Therefore, an appropriate strategy needs to be devised for such climatically vulnerable regions. The net income of farmers can surely be increased by efficient management of nutrient, water and agri-input, integrated horticulture based farming system, better market price realization, post harvest management and value addition, integration of secondary enterprizes and thereby improving productivity of arid and semi-arid horticultural crops. In this book, several such interventions are given inform of various chapters which will be of immense use improving the productivity and profitability of horticultural commodities.

The Segment of Horticultural Production Technology highlights the Protected Cultivation, Vegetable, Fruit, Floriculture and Diversification for nutritional security and prosperity. The Crop Protection unit includes information on Weed Management, Nematode Management and Integrated Pest Management. The Natural Resource Management components cover the topics on Soil Testing, Biofertilizer, Water Management and Biogas. The Post harvest and value addition highlights the grain and seed protection during storage, post harvest management of fruits and vegetables, value addition of agricultural produce and packing house operations of horticultural crops. Allied activities include information on apiculture, mushroom cultivation, and agricultural mechanization. The animal husbandry section compiles the information on dairy farming, fisheries based enterprises, scientific lac cultivation, pig farming and goat rearing.

The book Intellectual Property Rights & Public Policy is rooted in the fact that creativity and innovation have been hall mark of knowledge economy. However despite there is an abundance of innovative energies flowing in India a conducive ecosystem to access to education, knowledge and health is far from reality. Being TRIPS compliant country, the equitable and dynamic IP regime with full potential of harnessing intellectual property for India's economic growth, socio-cultural development and promotion of public interest are distant goalposts. The pronouncement of National IPR Policy spelt out the public policy orientation but the need to create robust IP environment as stunning controversy thats spinning out of control needs to hardly emphasized. The book is an erudite compilation of renowned scholars in the field of intellectual property having implication of moulding public policy discourse in intellectual property law. The contributors of the volumes luminates grey areas of research by drawing diverse perspectives from academicians, judges and IP practitioners. The range of papers diverse from jurisprudence of intellectual property to cyber law, human right, access to food and medicine, biotechnology and law. The book investigates prospects as well as the challenges by encompassing theoretical and juridical dimensions in Indian socio-legal context. The consequences of IP institutional failures are unimaginable and pragmatic ending is unthinkable for any vibrant nation like India. The book is never before seen revelations and leading to a single impossible and inconceivable truth of being panacea for plagued public policy diametric but definitely an incredible collection in auguring healthy polemics of knowledge management. To lend appropriate credence to the subject the working of IP Laws and institutions is undertaken to hone out the strategy of IP Law reform in public policy paradigm in India. The outputs of the compilation can capture the attention of not merely legal academics, policy makers, and legal profession but also to IP practitioners, development planner and innovation activists.

Agricultural Sustainability is a combination of technologies and implementation processes that are used to manage information-related with maintenance of equilibrium condition in the scenario of productivity level in the field of agriculture. Sustainable agriculture is not just about food security, the protection of crops and its cultivation or while it is being processed; it is also about the protection of environment with economic equity and profitability. This is a composite field involving agricultural science, engineering, database and soil-based crop management, user training, and policy issues. A common objective of work in this field is to protect the environment and defend degeneration systems by ensuring resource availability, its integrity, authentication and confidentiality so that the right action can be accessed with the right information and direction at the right time. The book contains 33 chapters pertaining to sections on (i) water resource management (ii) irrigation water management (iii) soil resource management (iv) sustainability in agriculture and (v) crop management and productivity with the content contributed by eminent researchers throughout the world. The book will come as an important contribution to the latest agricultural technologies in bridging up the gap of scientific information to the researchers and policy makers in different relevant field of specialization.

This book aims to be a basic and fundamental book for the students and researchers in numerical solving. The book has been designed in a very simple language. Formulas have been presented in the most fundamental and basic calculations. The book has been divided into several chapters and broadly reflects the need of such subject selection as most of the calculations in agriculture pertains to those areas. This proceeds with the most basic and fundamental conversions and formulas required for computing a calculation. Most of the units, dimensions and relevant symbols have been noted in the form of their actual notations. The book covers subjects like: • Agriculture Economics • Agriculture Statistics • Agriculture Engineering • Irrigation and water Management • Soil Chemistry and Fertility • Soil water Conservation and Watershed Engineering • Agronomy • Crop Protection and Plant Pathology • Plant Breeding and genetics • Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

This book includes the techniques of soil quality and pesticide residue analysis in field of forage science. The collection and compilation of laboratory methods and techniques from various concrete sources and has been endeavored to include as much information as could be possible. It covers latest methods and interpretations from sampling to testing platforms. Provides detailed testing protocols and quality assurance protocols. This book helps the young researchers, scientists, students of M.Sc. and Ph.D. in field of soil science and pesticide residue analysis.

The hydroinformatics tools viz. simulation modeling, SCADA, remote sensing and GIS, artificial intelligence etc are now a days, generally used in the planning of water based systems. These are quite young technologies, but complex and so budding engineers could keep a safe distance from these courses. This book will serve as a single textbook having comprehensive information of all above topics in a single book. In this book, a wide and varied scope of hydroinformatics is concise in the simple language for easy understanding and remembrance of the readers. The aim of this book is to introduce the budding engineers with hydroinformatics and it's tools for planning and management of water based systems. Each chapter describes basic preliminary information about the topic. This book will be helpful to undergraduate and postgraduate engineering students in preparation of the subject and research, thus giving wider application of hydroinformatics.

The primary objective of writing this book is to provide a platform to automate agricultural field with various sensor and throw the data on cloud with internet of thing. The book provides the basic knowledge of the programming and interfacing of the devices with IoT modem and programming. The aim is to explain the basic steps to understand the IoT and its application in agriculture field. It would be a reference book for Postgraduate/ undergraduate engineering students. Students from Electronics, Electrical, Mechatronics, Robotics, Mechanical, Computer science can avail the book for their projects and research. The concept which makes this book unique is a book programming based real time project prototypes. This book is entirely based on the practical experience of the authors while undergoing projects with the students and industries.

This book 'Rainfed Rabi Crop Protection Constraints and Mitigation Strategies' provides pictorial depictions of damaging symptoms and the pest itself along with their mitigation strategies in a very simple and concise manner. It is a very timely effort to help the farming community and reduce the pesticidal load in the environment. Rabi crops of rainfed areas are inflicted by several important insect pests, diseases and weeds. Correct identification of insect pests, diseases and weeds is therefore necessary not only for strict quarantine to check the spread of new pest species, but to achieve the desired productivity levels. The purpose of this publication entitled 'A Colour Handbook on Rainfed Rabi Crops Protection, Constraints and Mitigation Strategies' is to assist the students, field researchers, agriculture department field functionaries, scholars and farmers in correct identification of these pests and their management thereof. In this book, efforts have been made to describe the damaging symptoms, identification characteristics, biology and management techniques of more than 100 pest species with their coloured illustrations.

This book deals with an array of topics in the broad area of biotic stress responses in plants focusing "problems and their management" by selecting some of the widely investigated themes. Such as, Major insect-pest of cereal crops in India and their management, Biotic stresses of major pulse crops and their management strategies, Insect pest of oilseed crops and their management, Biotic stresses of vegetable crops & their management, Insect pests infesting major vegetable crops and their management strategies, Fruit Crops Insect pests and their Biointensive Integrated Pest Management techniques, Mass Trapping of fruit flies using Methyl Eugenol based Traps, Organic means of combating biotic stresses in plants, Nematode problem in pulses and their management, and approaches in pest management of stored grain pests. This book is useful for under-graduate and post-graduate students in Entomology, Plant Pathology, Agronomy, Horticulture, other cognate disciplines of agriculture and allied sciences and other research workers. We fervently believe that this book will provide good information and understanding of biotic stress problems and their management in plants.

This book deals with an array of topics in the broad area of abiotic stress responses in plants focusing "problems and their management" by selecting some of the widely investigated themes. Such as, Cell signalling in Plants during abiotic and biotic stress, Salinity stress induced metabolic changes and its management, High temperature stress: responses, mechanism and management, Low temperature stress induced changes in plants and their management, Biotechnological approaches to improve abiotic stress tolerance, Nutritional poverty in wheat under abiotic stress scenario, Strategies for improving soil health under current climate change scenario, Abiotic stress management in Pulse crops, Mitigation strategies of abiotic stress in fruit crops, Impacts of abiotic stress and possible management option in vegetable crops, and Abiotic stress: impact and management in ornamental crops. This book is useful for under-graduate and post-graduate students in Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, agronomy, horticulture, Botany, Environmental sciences and other cognate disciplines of agriculture and allied sciences and other research workers. We fervently believe that this book will provide good information and understanding of abiotic stress problems and their management in plants

The book entitled "Modern Vegetable Varieties and Production Technology" is compilation of almost all the varieties developed from various SAUs, research centres and private seed companies, their characteristic features and the production technology involved in raising the vegetable crops. The book also contains few introductory chapters regarding the different vegetables grown in India, their area and production, nutritional aspect of vegetables and research done in the field of vegetable till date. The book consist of three introductory chapters viz., (1) vegetable crops, (2) nutritional importance of vegetable and (3) vegetable research in India -a brief background the other part of the book consists of nine chapters viz., (1) solanaceous vegetables (2) okra, (3) cole crops (4) cucurbitaceous vegetables (5) peas and beans (6) bulb crops (7) root crops (8) leafy vegetables and (9) asparagus (10) Hi-Tech vegetable production technology. Each of these chapters includes the vegetable varieties and production technology of respective crops. This would be helpful to the teachers, scientists, students, extension workers and farmers of this country

This book is for both teachers and students of universities and colleges who are working on, or are interested in, the subject of 'Greenhouse Technology', or in dealing with subjects related to crop science. This book also targets researchers, extension workers and individual entrepreneurs to provide a clear and handy idea about greenhouse technology. The book is divided into 8 chapters. Chapter 1 contains the introduction, which elaborates on the reason and necessity of cultivation under greenhouse, the definition of greenhouse, and the history and present scenario of greenhouse cultivation. Chapter 2 narrates the meaning of greenhouse technology, the planning of greenhouse, the subjects involved in it, the fundamental points which are required to be understood for different climatic situations and the purpose of a greenhouse. Chapter 3 deals with the importance of different climatic and non-climatic factors in selecting proper greenhouse technology. This chapter also highlights the different measuring systems required for greenhouse technology. Chapter 4 describes in detail the design and construction of a greenhouse, which includes basic forms and types of greenhouses, its different covering materials, particular aspects of construction, cost estimates for different types of greenhouses etc. Chapter 5 introduces the innovative 'Bamboo Greenhouse Technology. It starts with the preparation of bamboo and ends with the detailed design and construction aspects of this unique low-cost, scientific and highly efficient greenhouse. Chapter 6 is the most important chapter for greenhouse technology. It elaborates on the control mechanisms for different climatic components, such as light, temperature, humidity, precipitation, and carbon dioxide. Chapter 7 discusses the important aspects of cultivation and special methods of crop husbandry which are essential for greenhouse cultivation. These include crop selection, bed preparation, fertilizer application, irrigation, canopy management, training and pruning, and pest management. Chapter 8 is the last chapter, and it provides some tips for the cultivation of a few important crops which are generally deemed suitable for the greenhouse.

The book on" Fruit Science: Culture and Technology- Volume I: Basic Aspects & Practices" is a well informed work incorporating all the detailed aspects of fundamental horticulture; propagation and rootstocks selection and post-harvest fruit technology. The scientists/experts have contributed their valuable knowledge in their respective field in this book. The book will be highly useful to the graduate/post-graduate students, growers, nurserymen, scientists and Horticulture Development Officers working in the field.

Climate is a vital factor that influences land use, crop quality, its productivity as well as all the other of agricultural systems. The significant impact of climate change is visible on human societies and natural ecosystems around the world. This impact will be more severe on agriculture if global warming continues. As per estimates of IPCC (2014), the agriculture, forestry and other land use contributes 24% of global greenhouse gas emissions. These emissions need to be reduced to avoid the serious impact of climate change using mitigation measures and adaptation strategies. Currently, unreliable and seasonal variations in weather have emerged as a serious challenge for sustainability influencing vegetation, biodiversity, livestock, soil, water, and other natural resources. In the last decade, more occurrence of extreme weather events affected farming community directly in their agricultural growth. The matter is of great concern to country like India, which require more produce from rainfed fields and shrinking crop land. To understand the problems occurring due to climate change, concerted efforts are required for mitigation and adaptation to reduce the vulnerability of rainfed agriculture and making it resilient. Agricultural output as well as the livelihood of people who depend on it, are particularly vulnerable to climate change, and it is important that we assess adaptation mechanisms to reduce these vulnerabilities. These practices should play a vital role to reduce GHG emissions by improving efficiency of farm inputs and others like agroforestry interventions for green agricultural technologies. Similarly, adoption of conservation agriculture, suitable cultivars, changing sowing dates, irrigation scheduling, and recycling waste water and solid waste in agriculture are some of the options for developing climate resilient agriculture. The book has been divided into major heads as: Climate Change and Indian Agriculture, Climate Change Management Strategies in Agriculture, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Indian Agriculture, New Technologies in relation to Climate Change and with contribution from major research institutes, universities by eminent scientists, faculty members the book will fit into the needs of all concerns.

The contents of the book are divided into various chapters from Advances in Food Engineering, Developments in Food Quality and Safety, Emerging Food Processing Technologies, Innovations in Food Product Development and Developments in Food Property Analysis. The book includes topics like modelling approaches of various food processes namely drying, dehydration and absorption, quality characteristics, quality measurement and safety of food product. The book also contains topics related to emerging processing technologies for food namely ohmic heating, cold plasma, high pressure, ultrasound assisted processing etc., and development of new ingredient and food product. Some topics of the book deal with various types of properties of food such as antioxidant, physicochemical and rheological properties of food.

The present revised edition has 16 chapters including 10 appendices. 42 scientists from seven Institutes, States Agricultural Universities and 2 organizations have contributed to the 3rd revised edition. A village market has now all kinds of vegetables, fruits, tubers and ornamentals which vouch for progress in the science and art of horticulture. Many educated youth are taking up Horticulture as a profession. Basic sciences like physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology and biotechnology, bioinformatics and economics are adding to the understanding of horticultural crops.New To 3rd Edition: 1. 5 chapters of floriculture and landscaping 2. Information on newly released varieties of all horticulture crops 3. Colour photographs 4. Updated data and referencesThe present revised edition has 16 chapters including 10 appendices. 42 scientists from seven Institutes, States Agricultural Universities and 2 organizations have contributed to the 3rd revised edition. A village market has now all kinds of vegetables, fruits, tubers and ornamentals which vouch for progress in the science and art of horticulture.Many educated youth are taking up Horticulture as a profession. Basic sciences like physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology and biotechnology, bioinformatics and economics are adding to the understanding of horticultural crops. New To 3rd Edition: 1. 5 chapters of floriculture and landscaping 2. Information on newly released varieties of all horticulture crops 3. Colour photographs 4. Updated data and references

The potential in the area to respond to consumer demands and address public health issues through diet, has brought about the impetus to do further research by government, industry and research institutes to substantiate the science behind the health benefits from plant constituents. Marker Assisted Selection hold great potential for plant breeding as it promises to expedite the time taken to produce crop varieties with desirable characters.Progress has been made in mapping and tagging many horticultural important genes with morphological, biochemical and molecular markers which form the foundation for marker assisted selection in crops plants. They offer great scope for improving the efficiency of conventional plant breeding by carrying out selection not directly on the trait of interest but on molecular markers linked on those traits.Plant cell and callus culture systems have been emerged most potential area of bio processing and production of useful metabolites of nutraceutical importance. These methods have been advanced through bioreactor technology. Research and development is critical to the rapidly developing field of functional foods and nutraceuticals. Producers want new opportunities that increase farm income; processors want value-added food products, health ingredients and new uses for agricultural production, by-products and new products for new and existing markets. Consumers (worldwide) want increased assurance of the safety and quality of the food system and enhanced environmental performance of the agriculture and agri-food sector.Provinces and communities are seeking economic development opportunities for horticulture. This book will be helpful in better understanding, utilization of crop diversity, underutilized crops, and their residues and improvement in PHT and development of new functional food with greater use of bioactive compounds and other quality traits.

Safety is a matter of concern for human. Unsafe food has posed considerable health problems from time immemorial and many food safety problems encountered today are not new. The governments all over the world are doing their best to improve the safety of food supply. This book is presented with a view to provide the students on the various importance of clean milk production, handling and processing to public health. The book gives in a nutshell the importance of adopting various practices for a holistic approach towards safe market milk and milk products. The description of spoilage and pathogenic organism will help the students to think in terms of investigating food contamination and thus their preventive and control measures. The experiments given in the laboratory manual are meant to train the students in the microbiological aspect and safety of food.

Weather and climate play an important role in plantation crops' production. While climate determines the adaptability of a particular crop in a region, weather determines the yield attributes of the crop. The global warming and climate change impacts on plantation crops are evident in the form of extreme weather events like floods, droughts, co...

The book "Landslide Research- The DST's Initiatives" is a compilation of over 21 Scientific articles on various aspects of Landslides viz: Overviews, Earth system processes and Landslides, Landslide hazard Zonation mapping, Geotechnical investigations, instrumentation and early warning of Landslides, Satellite based monitoring of Landslides, site specific investigations etc. These articles are the outcome of the studies carried by various academicians, researchers and the research institutions under the funding of NRDMS/DST in different geological provinces of Indian subcontinent. These articles provide wider and deeper spectrum of information on earth system processes like post collision tectonics of Shillong plateau, Churachandpur-Mao fault and up-warping of Tirumalai hills and the Landslides; different geo-spatial and geo-statistical techniques and optimisation of methods for Landslide hazard zonation mapping from Western Ghats of South India, BIS based methods of LHZ mapping and Geotechnical investigations encompassing RMR, SMR & Kinematic studies of landslides of northeastern region; instrumentation and forewarning of Jakhri Landslides, wireless sensor based Landslide monitoring of Munnar (Kerala); SAR interferometery based monitoring of Nainital and Mansadevi landslides; and site specific landslides studies of Kailasaur (Himalayas), Rawana slides (Himachal Pradesh), geophysical studies of Landslides of Mizoram region, Malin landslides (Maharashtra) , techniques of diagnosing active movements from Nilgiris etc.