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Drying is an important unit operation used in the industry for processing and preservation of food products. Food industry always looks for cost effective and energy efficient drying techniques to commercially succeed in their ventures and to fulfill demand of high quality dried food products. Although a large volume of technical literature is available on drying of foods, it is still quite challenging for scientists and engineers to improve upon the existing drying systems and quality of the products. The book consists of 14 chapters detailing freeze drying, atmospheric freeze drying, swell drying, multi-flash drying, electro-hydrodynamic drying, pulse combustion drying, foam mat drying, ultrasound- assisted drying and fluidized bed drying. It also includes chapters which are commodity-specific such as mushroom drying, drying and roasting of cocoa and coffee beans. The degradation mechanism and kinetics of vitamin C degradation in fruits and vegetables, kinetics modeling of drying process for the recovery of bioactive compounds and energy calculation procedures for dryers is also covered which would be helpful to improve dryer operation and efficiency.

Scheduling means Which nutrient? How much? and When to apply?The basic quantum of NPK used to prepare the schedules is actually the recommended doses (RD) of NPK by relevant public institutions or state agriculture universities. Using these basic recommendations, schedules are prepared to match the growth and the known developmental stages of each crop. In order to enhance the use of the schedules to other regions/countries where different RD is in practice, the book gives information on the basic nutrient split ratios for each growth stage duration. Using these ratios the fertilizers are to be partitioned for each stage of the crop. Each of these parts of fertilizers are then converted into farmer-usable daily doses. However, the schedule is not given on a daily application basis as it was found that most farmers do not want to go for daily dosing (injection). Hence the schedule is reported using a dose for every three days. It is also found that more frequent application schedule will give better yield and nutrient use efficiency.The schedules of most of the crops given in this book are actually field applied by farmers during the last two decades and been in use for several seasons. 1. Introduction 2. Fertigation Ratios and Scheduling

This book fulfils the need for a comprehensive book on the significance of nanotechnology in plant pathology, which furnishes the latest information on this fast developing topic. The book "Nanotechnology in Plant Pathology" explicates essential aspects and is conveniently divided into nine unique chapters, covering the latest information and developments in nanotechnology with respect to plant diseases. The chapters include Introduction to nanotechnology, Categories and characterization of nanoparticles, Nanotechnology in plant disease diagnosis, Nanoparticles in plant disease management, Nanotechnology and pesticides, Nanotechnology in pesticides delivery, Regulations and risks in nanotechnology, Nanotoxicity and Nanosafety. Quality diagrams at appropriate places, convincing tables and suitable graphs / illustrations have been furnished for an impressive reading. Under each chapter, a bibliography providing the list of references cited has also been included for additional reading. The contents of this book, reflecting an extensive literature search, will be useful particularly for teachers, researchers and students in Plant Pathology, the State Departments of Horticulture & Agriculture, Commercial protection centers, Administrators, Policy planners and all those who are interested and concerned with the use and application of nanoparticles in plant pathology.