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Based on the second Frontiers of Science symposium sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences, this book describes the accomplishments and directions in ten basic fields, represented by scientists convening to discuss their research. It also discusses the developments in magnetic resonance imaging and breakthroughs in medical diagnosis.

Surveys the field of body composition as it relates to performance. This book includes a definition of terminology and a discussion of the methods for measuring body composition. It addresses the issue of physical appearance as it relates to body fatness and performance. It is meant for those involved in sports medicine and exercise physiology.

Offers recommendations for resolving crucial questions in DNA typing. This volume addresses: quality and reliability in DNA typing; DNA typing in the courtroom; and societal issues. It offers guidance to policymakers, specialists in criminal law, forensic scientists, geneticists, researchers, faculty, and students.

Assesses the state of the field in a number of potential applications and discusses technologies for which concentrated solar energy might be utilized. This book contains all the papers submitted by the speakers as well as summaries of the presentations, and discussions that followed each session.

Contains the initial priorities for US participation in the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. This book focuses on seven issues: hazard and risk assessment; awareness and education; mitigation; preparedness for emergency response; recovery and reconstruction; prediction and warning; learning from disasters; and US participation.

How many physicians does it need to carry out its principal mission-related responsibilities of patient care, education, and research? This book presents and demonstrates by example a methodology to answer this basic, but complex, question.

Part of the "Medical Innovation at the Crossroads" series, this book examines how economic incentives for innovation change and what that means for the future of health care. It is of interest to economists, policymakers, health administrators, health care practitioners, and the concerned public.

Describes the contributions of mathematics to the nation's advanced technology and to economic competitiveness. This book addresses various high-technology industries and breadth of mathematical endeavors in the United States as they materially contribute to the technology base from which innovation in these industries flows.

On November 13, 1985, catastrophic mudflows swept down the slopes of the erupting Nevado del Ruiz volcano. This volume analyzes the disaster's many aspects: the extent, constitution, and behavior of the mudflows; the nature of damage to structures; the status of the area's disaster warning system; and more.

The small community of Saragosa, Texas, was devastated by a violent multiple-vortex tornado in 1987. This book aims to combine the information provided by the respondents to a post disaster survey with the facts surrounding the tornado in order to understand the weather warning procedures used in Reeves County, Texas, where Saragosa is located.

Looks at performance appraisal and pay practices in the private sector and describes how private industry experience is relevant to federal pay reform. This book focuses on the needs of the federal government, exploring how the federal pay system evolved; evidence on federal employee attitudes toward their work, and their pay; and more.

Provides a policy outline and specific steps for a revamping of US and multilateral export controls. This volume presents information on issues, such as: the successes and failures of US export controls, including a look at US laws, regulations, and export licensing; US participation in international agencies; the role of industry; and more.

High performance synthetic fibers are key components of composite materials. This book stresses the need for redesigning university curricula to reflect the interdisciplinary nature of fiber science and technology. It also urges greater government and industry cooperation in support of academic instruction in fiber-related disciplines.

The hazard posed by large dams has long been known. This book evaluates contemporary knowledge about the earthquake performance of concrete dams, including procedures for investigating the seismic safety of such structures. It informs researchers about earthquake analysis of concrete dams and identifies areas where additional knowledge is needed.

In modern times, snow avalanches are a concern in recreational mountainous areas. However, programs for snow avalanche hazard mitigation in other countries are far ahead of those in the US. This book identifies many steps that should be taken in order to establish guidelines for research, technology transfer, and avalanche legislation and zoning.

Offering an examination of contemporary nutrition labelling practices, this volume proposes implementing a food labelling reform program. It addresses key issues, such as requiring mandatory nutrition labelling on most packaged foods, expanding nutrition labelling to foods that do not provide this information, and more.

How can drug treatment dollars be spent most equitably with the highest likelihood of beneficial results? Focusing on this basic question, this volume provides specific recommendations on how to organize and fund the drug treatment system. It also gives attention to both public and private sources and their programs.

Answers the US Congress' call for the Institute of Medicine to design a strategic plan for assessing and assuring the quality of medical care for the elderly. This book presents a proposed strategic plan for improving quality assurance in the Medicare program, along with steps and timetables for implementing the plan.

Discusses issues as long-term, or strategic, commitment on the part of large firms in the United States; cooperation within and among firms and between industry, universities, and government; weaknesses in manufacturing and in the integration of research, development, and manufacturing; technical standards; and education and infrastructure.

Examines the consideration of oil and gas leasing in the land use planning processes of the Bureau of Land Management and Forest Service. This book was required by the Federal Onshore Oil and Gas Leasing Reform Act of 1987. It identifies problems caused by leasing practices and the availability and reliability of information at the planning stage.

Presents a monograph that explores methods of and barriers to diagnostic technology assessment and describes the rationale and the guidelines for meaningful evaluation. This book emphasizes the problems involved and defines a mechanism for improving the evaluation and use of medical technology and essential resources to enhance patient care.

Presents a monograph that addresses some of the gaps in understanding health status and quality of life, such as the use of quality-of-life measures in technology assessment, organ transplantation, and pharmaceutical trials. This title provides basic references for the technical attributes of many established measures and some lesser known ones.

The elderly constitute a special and vulnerable patient population. This book discusses the appropriate use of technology to minimize risks posed to the elderly patient in the delivery of health care services. It covers home and community care as well as acute hospital care, and system resources and constraints.

Summarizes the major questions in solar physics theory and observations, and proposes recommendations. This study addresses institutional issues as the role of the universities in the national solar observations, structural barriers to careers in solar physics, and the leadership role of federal funding agencies for ground-based solar research.

Considers the issues surrounding the occurrence, progression, and predictability of myopia, with emphasis on the 16- to 26-year-old population. This book presents the research in this area, analyzing the findings and drawing conclusions from these studies. The observations and recommendations are aimed at vision scientists and clinicians.

Utilization Management has become a strong trend in health care cost containment. Under UM, some decisions are not strictly made by the doctor and patient alone. This book presents findings about how UM is faring in practice and how it compares with other cost containment approaches, with recommendations for improving UM program administration.

Presents an overview of animal-monitoring programs, including case studies of how animal health problems have led researchers to the sources of human health hazards. This book examines the components and characteristics required for an effective animal-monitoring program, and evaluate programs, including in situ research.

Includes research results and expert interpretations from nutrition research and provides Recommended Dietary Allowances and "Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intakes". This 10th edition deals with the function nutrients in the human body, sources of supply, and effects of deficiencies and excessive intakes.