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The third edition of the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66 & GMFM-88) User's Manual has retained the information contained in the original 2002 and 2013 publications which included the conceptual background to the development of the GMFM, and the administration and scoring guidelines for people to be able to administer this clinical and research assessment tool appropriately. This includes information on the development and validation of two abbreviated methods of estimating GMFM-66 scores using the GMFM-66- Item sets (GMFM-66- IS) and the GMFM-66- B&C (Basal & Ceiling) and a chapter providing a longitudinal case illustration of how the measure and the short forms of the GMFM can be applied and interpreted in clinical practice.The new edition includes information and an Appendix on the updated version of the Gross Motor Ability Estimator scoring program (GMAE-3), which is available through the GMFM App¯+ (see the CanChild website at (https://www.canchild.ca/en/shop/38-the-gross-motor-function-measure-app).

Recent Advances in the Neurological and Neurodevelopmental Impact of HIV brings together world-leading experts in the field of HIV, to provide new and critical insights into HIV treatment and management for children and adolescents. Those infected with HIV are living longer thanks to antiretroviral drugs, and HIV-related neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders therefore require urgent attention, particularly complications which arise from long-term medication use. The authors summarise key findings in these important areas, as well as gaps in research and implications for paediatric HIV work. Readers will discover ways of optimising the neurological health of children and adolescents living with HIV through better care provision and earlier intervention. Outlines the important clinical neurological issues facing children and young adults with HIV infection Presents up-to-date diagnostic and treatment approaches Provides practical clinical strategies to improve the care of children and adolescents with HIV An essential resource for all clinicians involved in the care of children and adolescents with HIV and their families, including doctors, paediatricians, psychologists, and other health practitioners and researchers.

Individuals with childhood-onset physical and developmental disabilities often have special needs around exercise and physical activity. However, most books on this topic are written for exercise science experts who may not always be the frontline service provider. This book provides clear and evidence-based information on how to evaluate, train, and foster physical activity and fitness in individuals with childhood-onset disabilities safely across the lifespan. It is written for frontline service providers, such as clinicians and other rehabilitation professionals, as well as individuals with childhood-onset physical and developmental disabilities and their families. The authors thereby respond to specific needs and enable multiple parties to lead more physically active lives. Themes include physical fitness and activity assessment and training, safe engagement, measurement of activity levels and progress, and responses to pain. It includes disorder-specific chapters that apply the general principles of physical activity training to specific diagnoses including autism and juvenile arthritis.

Paediatric Neuropsychology within the Multidisciplinary Context is a practitioner handbook with chapters co-written by academics and clinicians. The book will offer a fresh perspective on neuropsychological theory and its influence on clinical practice. Case studies are described alongside research and theory as a clear demonstration of how neuroscience can drive formulation in paediatric neuropsychology. The book has been divided into three parts. The focus for the first two sections is on (i) sensory and then (ii) cognitive processes, with the final section on (iii) important factors that influence formulation. Chapters aim to take a process-oriented approach rather than describing a specific syndrome/condition.

This extensively revised edition of one of the most popular of the Clinics series updates and clarifies the original work of Karel Bobath's account of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the motor disorders of cerebral palsy. It also highlights the advantages of very early treatment of infants before the disordered postures and movements are established. All those involved with physically handicapped children, and especially therapists, will find the book invaluable reading.

Standardized Infant NeuroDevelopmental Assessment (SINDA) has been developed as a screening instrument for infants aged 6 weeks to 12 months corrected age, to assist early detection of infants at high risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. It is the first developmental instrument to allow a comprehensive (360-degree approach) including "all" dimensions of development. It has three scales: a neurological (28 items), developmental (15 items per month of age; total 113 items) and socio-emotional scale (6 items). It can be used quickly in virtually any environment and requires only simple equipment, so excellent when financial and time considerations are important.

This book advocates a new approach to the clinical management of the musculoskeletal system in children with cerebral palsy based on the concept of intervention to a complex adaptive system with the aim of improving the lived experience of the child with cerebral palsy.* Provides a critical review of the current understanding and management of musculoskeletal deformity in children with CP, in the context of the available evidence base and models of clinical practice.* Transfers current understanding of muscle and bone physiology and impairment, from the realms of research into mainstream clinical thinking* Discusses an alternative clinical model of assessment and intervention, focusing on impairment of muscle growth and function* Considers the musculoskeletal system in a child with cerebral palsy as a linked system of interactive processes and subsystems, extending from individual molecules to the child and their environment.The concepts discussed regarding clinical knowledge, evidence, causation, and complex adaptive systems are relevant to the clinician, child, and family, and the possibility of new models and new therapeutic approaches offer exciting future opportunities to improve the child's interaction with, and experience of, the world of which they are a part.

Vision impairment is a long-term condition caused by disorders of the eye, optic nerve, and brain. Using evidence-based knowledge, theory, and research, this book provides practical guidance for practitioners who are involved in the care and management of children with long-term vision impairment and disability. The book is divided into four sections following the ICF-CY model: (1) eye disorders, vision and brain, (2) child development and learning from birth to older childhood, (3) habilitation, orientation, reading and assistive technologies and (4) social relationships and participation in everyday contexts. International team of experts present up to date vision and neuroscience research and assessment and management approaches. Multidisciplinary approaches for improving function, learning and activity in children with vision impairment. New approach to childhood vision impairment with a focus on assessment, function and participation. Covering all vision disorders and levels of vision impairment, including eye disorders, cerebral vision impairment and complex disability. A useful resource for developmental/and neurodisability paediatricians and clinicians including clinical, neuro- and educational psychologists, occupational therapists, speech and language therapists, physiotherapists; paediatric ophthalmologists and eye clinic staff; mobility/habilitation specialists, educationalists of vision impairment and others; community family support and social care workers.

The book aims to provide a comprehensive overview of assessments and interventions applied in young children with, or at high risk, for developmental motor disorders. It provides an evidence-based practical guide for health professionals working in the field of early detection and early intervention (e.g., paediatricians and paediatric physiotherapists). Parts I & II provide an overview of the clinical picture of early detection and early intervention and the neurodevelopmental mechanisms occurring in early life are discussed, including vulnerability and plasticity. In Parts III & IV basic principles and features governing typical and atypical motor development are explained, covering not only motor development but also sensory and cognitive development. Part V summarises the methods available for assessments, including information on technical details of the tools and psychometric properties. Finally, Part VI discusses early intervention, including evidence on effectiveness, together with the application of equipment in young children with developmental motor disorders. Special attention is paid to the family and environmental adaptations.

This book reviews important findings from the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn Study (ELGAN), the largest cohort study ever completed involving individuals born extremely prematurely. With a focus on pre-, peri-, and post-natal inflammation, this study identified potentially modifiable risk factors and pathways antecedent to a broad range of neurodevelopmental impairments, as well as asthma and obesity, during middle childhood. These findings will be of interest to both practicing neonatologists and developmental paediatricians, as well as researchers interested in the prevention of adverse child health outcomes and promotion of positive health among individuals born extremely preterm.* The only book to summarise findings from the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn Study, the largest and most comprehensive cohort study ever conducted of this high-risk group.* A comprehensive 'one-stop-shopping' resource.* A broad range of neurodevelopmental outcomes are included, as well as the relationship of these outcomes to pre-, peri-, and post-natal risk factors. A focus of the study was perinatal inflammation, and the methods used to evaluate inflammation are the most comprehensive ever undertaken in an epidemiologic study of individuals born extremely preterm.* The results of the ELGAN study will help Make a difference in the care and outcome of children born very early and make an important contribution to preventing learning and behavioural problems in children.

The scope of the book includes all neurological problems in infancy. In the first half, it sets out in a succinct format the principles of working with families, of clinical assessment, of the use of investigations and treatments, and of evidence-based medicine. The second, symptom-based half of the book provides detailed guidance on the practice of child neurology in infancy. The authors are distinguished experts drawn from all over Europe. The contributors have approached their chapters using an accessible, didactic style and consistent organization of material. The emphasis throughout is on clinical methods, the use of appropriate investigations and treatments, and the avoidance of unnecessary or potentially harmful interventions. For quick reference, all chapters feature boxes highlighting key messages, common errors, and when to worry. The book is designed to be carried round as a handy reference.

This book covers both molecular and clinical aspects of Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) and premutation disorders so that new targeted treatments can be understood by clinicians and parents. It covers all premutation disorders including FXTAS, FXPOI and FXAND problems. The main focus is to help clinicians to give the best care possible to patients with FXS and to understand a multidisciplinary treatment approach. Underserved populations such as babies and toddlers with FXS and mothers with the full mutation are highlighted, including the treatments that can be beneficial to them. This book also discuss fragile X associated disorders as they impact the family whose proband has FXS. A highlight of this book is the international perspective on how different cultures deal with FXS and targeted treatments.

How can the quality of life of those with cerebral palsy and associated gait impairment be improved? What needs to be done to ensure real progress in research? How can evidence for interventions be improved?The Symposium brought together world-reknowned experts with a range of viewpoints to challenge each other and answer these questions, and prevent stagnation of outcomes. This publication unites these discussions to establish a framework to guide research efforts for the future and ensure meaningful progress. Authors consider how patient goals can be given more attention and ask how we can learn more details of the underlying neurological impairments.Challenges long-held assumptions to explore the current state of research, testing, and treatment.Topics are unified by common formats including bulleted key points and objectives, and specific research goals to make the results more rapidly accessible.ReadershipA useful resource for orthopaedic surgeons, physiatrists, physical therapists, kinesiologists, gait analysis experts, and other members of the interdisciplinary team involved in the identification and treatment of mobility impairments in children and young adults diagnosed with cerebral palsy.Clinics in Developmental Medicine

This handbook provides easily accessible information on the aetiology, assessment and management of nutritional disorders in children with neurodisability. Succinct review of current evidence and guidelines is used to inform best practice. Early chapters outline the normal anatomy and physiology of feeding before considering the assessment and management of disordered feeding, and impact on nutritional status. Subsequent chapters discuss nutritional assessment and management supported by clear illustration of anthropometry techniques. Further consideration of the consequences of under and over nutrition, and impact on bone health is included. Dedicated chapters on associated gastrointestinal problems, management of drooling and dental care consider related comorbidities commonly experienced by children with neurodisability. A dedicated chapter on the use of tube feeding considers specific nutritional requirements and psychological aspects of intervention. Clinical vignettes are used to illustrate key learning points throughout.

This book presents the latest evidence-based approaches to assessing and managing movement disorders in children. Uniquely, the authors have chosen to examine not just children with developmental coordination disorder, but also children with movement difficulties as a co-occurring secondary characteristic of another development disorder, including Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Specific language Impairment and Dyslexia. Guidelines are underpinned by motor learning theory, empiricism and professional practice. The authors have taken an ecological approach to management and show how professionals and carers working together can make relatively simple changes in a child's life that aggregate to substantial support. The book is rich in case studies to demonstrate the adaptability of these guidelines and show how they may be applied to children of different ages, abilities, and environments. The final chapter is comprised of interviews of thirteen notable clinicians and academics with intervention methodologies from around the world. This book will prove a valuable guide for anybody working with children with movement difficulties, including clinicians, teachers and parents.

Myasthenia is a rare, but underdiagnosed and sometimes life-threatening disorder in children. There are no guidelines for diagnosing and managing these children, especially those with congenital myasthenia, a more recently recognised genetic condition, but there have been significant developments in identification and treatment of myasthenia in recent years. This book will help clinicians and families of children with this rare condition direct management effectively.Myasthenia in Children describes the various genotypes and phenotypes of congenital myasthenic syndromes, their clinical features and management. Autoimmune myasthenia gravis and newly recognised myopathies with neuromuscular transmission defects are also covered. The book includes a client perspective and is full of practical tips from carers, service users and therapists with a broad multi-disciplinary treatment approach. This book will guide future holistic management of this rare but life changing condition for some children and their families.

Enabling Participation provides a key reference work for health and education practitioners who wish to optimise outcomes for children, young people and families where there is an individual with a childhood onset neurodisability. By focusing on participation -- what is it, how to measure it and how to influence it - the book aims to support professionals to utilise the most recent developments in the field. Written in five parts, the book provides the reader with knowledge about the concept of participation; detailed understanding of how varying contexts influence participation outcomes; how to measure participation as an outcome and as a process; how to intervene to promote participation outcomes; and future directions and challenges. Chapters provide diverse examples of evidence-based practices and are enriched by scenarios and vignettes to engage and challenge the reader to consider how participation in meaningful activities might be optimised for individuals and their families. The book's practical examples aim to facilitate knowledge transfer, clinical application and service planning for the future.

Bietet Praxisleitlinien für Diagnose und Management der häufigsten neuromuskulären Störungen.- Erläutert die Ansätze bei den wichtigsten Körperfunktionen, die von neuromuskulären Erkrankungen betroffen sind.- Vereint die Stellungnahmen und Leitlinien der Experten des Fachgebiets.- Präsentiert auch die jüngsten therapeutischen Fortschritte bei Duchenne-Muskeldystrophie und spinaler Muskeldystrophie.

This accessible handbook introduces the ICF to professionals working with children with disabilities and their families. It contains an overview of the elements of the ICF but focusses on practical applications, including how the ICF framework can be used with children, families and carers to formulate health and management goals.

A quick, non-invasive, non-intrusive and cost-effective method with high reliability and high validity is much in demand for the early detection of neurological anomalies which point to cerebral palsy and developmental deficits later on in life. Over his years as a distinguished developmental neurologist, Heinz Prechtl has devised such a method; a qualitative assessment of general movements (GMs) as a specific predictor for neurological impairments. His method is described in this book. GMs form part of a distinct pattern of movements in preterm babies, term newborns and young infants. They are complex, frequent, and usually of sufficient length. Changes in the normal quality of GMs are a reliable indicator of brain dysfunction.

Fetal behaviour and movements not only give an insight into the developing brain, as an expression of neural activity, but are also necessary for the further development of neural structure and of other organs. This book presents an account of our current understanding of fetal behaviour as obtained through the assessment of fetal movements and behavioural states. The approach is based on the premises of developmental neurology, and provides important clues for the recognition of the age-specific functional repertoire of the nervous system. After presenting the historical background, the authors describe in detail the patterns of fetal movements and the mechanisms underlying them: They then discuss determinants of fetal behaviour, explaining the impact of different pregnancy-related and maternal factors on behaviour. Other chapters describe important aspects such as fetal responsiveness, laterality and development of handedness, and the behaviour of twins. The final chapter reviews research on the effects of various neurological conditions on fetal behaviour. The ability to assess the functional condition of the nervous system is invaluable to the clinician, as a considerable percentage of early brain damage is of prenatal origin. The structured and standardized description of fetal behavioural patterns proposed in this book improves our ability to understand the mechanisms underlying various aspects of behaviour in healthy fetuses and in those with brain lesions or other risk factors. Because of this, the volume will be of great interest not only to researchers in this field but also to all of those working in neonatology, paediatrics and paediatric neurology.