Bøker utgitt av LAP Lambert Academic Publishing

Persistent homology has become an important tool in non-linear data reduction. Its sister theory, Persistent cohomology, has attracted less attention in the past eventhough it has many advantages. We surveyed several literatures and present a summary of the status quo in persistent (co)homology covering the theory, computations, representations in terms of cycles (for persistent homology) and cocycles (for persistent cohomology), lens (quotient) space and their equivalence. Moreover, we computed the persistent homology and persistent cohomology for the 2 - sphere both manually and computationally (Using Ripserer). In both cases, same result was obtained, particularly in the computation of their barcodes much more that persistent cohomology is not only faster in computation than persistent homology, but also uses less memory in a little time.

The science of hydrology is the basis of decision-making in water resources and the assessment of related risks such as floods, droughts and pollution. Despite the vital importance of this science for society, this scientific field is facing a severe lack of data in spatial and temporal domains. In the third world and low-income countries, due to the limitation of data and statistical information and the high cost of the monitoring process, they face a lack of data. Therefore, data collected by local communities and volunteers and monitoring through people is an effective method in this field. The underground water reserves, despite being hidden from human sight, have been regarded as the most important sources of water supply in most parts of the world for many years. These valuable resources, which cannot be imagined in nature, have undergone many quantitative and qualitative changes today. An example of these changes can be the illegal withdrawal of underground water tables, which has caused an exponential drop in the level of underground water and the destruction of the quality of these hidden waters.

DENTAL IMPLANT BIOMATERIALS A MUST FOR PROSTHODONTIC STUDENTS AND RESEARCH SCHOLARS. This book Dental Implant Biomaterials is specially designed for prosthodontic Student and research scholars. This book gives full details of implant biomaterials. This book will help research scholars during their curriculum related activity. This book will also be helpful for general practitioners doing implant practice.

The essential concept of C programming revolves around mastering the fundamental principles of procedural programming and understanding the language's syntax, data types, and control structures. A crucial aspect is the emphasis on manual memory management, providing programmers with direct control over memory allocation and deallocation. The book likely covers the importance of pointers and their role in manipulating memory addresses efficiently. Additionally, C's modular approach through functions and the concept of libraries is likely highlighted, encouraging the creation of modular and reusable code. The understanding of input/output operations, file handling, and the use of structures and unions to organize and represent data further solidifies a comprehensive grasp of C programming concepts. The book may also delve into advanced topics like dynamic memory allocation, recursion, and the preprocessor directives, empowering programmers to write efficient and robust code in the C language.

The Historical Context of the philosophical debate relating to the issue of whether Artificial Intelligence is anything more than a hypothetical metaphor awaiting more exact characterisation dates back to the 1940's and 50's. The central figure who initiated this discussion was, of course Alan Turing, the mathematical genius who worked with English military intelligence on the Enigma Project. The invention of ACE(The automatic computing engine) and its role in solving a problem that had defeated the best minds in England was the initiating event of the claim that machines of this kind were in a sense "intelligent". Intelligence, of course, is a psychological term with a contested psychological definition as was evidenced by the discussions that followed Piaget's theories and the attempts to constructive tools to measure this elusive capacity. This work argues that it is to Philosophy we must turn if we are to clarify a problem that was challenging theoreticians of the scientific and psychological community.

Pharmacy research and innovation are dynamic fields at the intersection of science, technology, and healthcare. Advances in drug discovery, formulation, and the integration of cutting-edge technologies are shaping the future of pharmaceuticals, offering the potential for more effective treatments and improved patient outcomes. Addressing challenges and fostering collaboration are critical for sustaining progress in this rapidly evolving landscape.

In this book, the authors mentioned the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applications for mining engineering. Firstly, the ANSYS program is briefly explained and the literature is examined. Rock mechanics is an essential subject for mining engineering. It is modeled to inform the material properties. A tough stone was given for example. The mine ventilation is done correctly to prevent explosions. Therefore, the fan blade design and fan performance are modeled. The methane and air mixture (two-phase) behavior is also simulated in an underground coal mine. Dust modeling is done to prevent dust explosions in underground mines. Finally, the sealing material as concrete is modeled in underground mines.

This textbook offers a unified engineering perspective on Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic. The authors guide readers swiftly and succinctly through the intricate subjects of neural networks, fuzzy logic, and the mathematical modeling of Fuzzy Logic Control. The theory of fuzzy logic provides a mathematical framework to capture uncertainties related to human cognitive processes, such as thinking and reasoning. Conventional methods for knowledge representation lack the means to signify the meaning of fuzzy concepts. The authors discuss fundamental ideas and elucidate various techniques using numerous examples. This book is an ideal text for students majoring in Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Computer Science Engineering, and Information Technology at the undergraduate level.

With the concept of computational thinking as a core element, the proposed paper critically inventories the main directions in the literature, focusing on the shift from psychology - pedagogy to mathematics - computer science.Redefined in 2006, the concept is now at the peak of research and applications for pre-school and school children. It is no coincidence that two years ago computational thinking was introduced as an operational element in the Shanghai Compulsory Curriculum; there it was based on the premise that societies are targeting a fulminating economic development through paradigm shifts in teaching and learning on the integration of new computational thinking skills alongside the basic skills - reading, writing and counting. Indeed, "computational thinking is a fundamental skill for everyone, not just computer scientists. To reading, writing and mathematical skills, we should add computational thinking to every child's analytical ability" (Wing, 2006).

Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources that are naturally replenished on a human timescale. It includes sources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. Renewable energy stands in contrast to fossil fuels, which are being used far more quickly than they are being replenished. Although most renewable energy sources are sustainable, some are not. For example, some biomass sources are considered unsustainable at current rates of exploitation.

Advancing Global Health: Leveraging AI for SDG Goal 3 offers an exploration into the intersection of global health and artificial intelligence (AI). With Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 aiming to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages, this book investigates how AI technologies are revolutionizing healthcare delivery, disease prevention, and health equity worldwide. Through a synthesis of cutting-edge research, case studies, and expert insights, it illuminates the transformative potential of AI in addressing pressing health challenges, from infectious diseases and maternal mortality to chronic conditions and mental health disorders.

Nowadays there is a growth in technology at a faster rate. The corrosion-resistant Hastelloy alloys are widely used by the chemical processing industries. The need for reliable performance leads to their acceptance and growth in the areas of geothermal, solar energy, oil and gas and pharmaceutical. The benefits of Hastelloy process equipment include high resistance to uniform attack, outstanding localized corrosion resistance, excellent stress corrosion cracking resistance, and ease of welding and fabrication.

Welcome to the dynamic world of business systems! In today's rapidly evolving global landscape, understanding business systems is essential for success, whether you're an entrepreneur, manager, or professional. Business systems are repetitive processes aimed at specific objectives, offering benefits like efficiency, productivity, and consistency. While human resources receive ample attention, effective internal systems are equally vital for business health. Operational systems are where financial assets and people intersect to produce results. By mastering business systems principles, you'll analyse challenges, identify opportunities, and make informed decisions for sustainable growth. This book delves into fundamental concepts, theories, and practices through theoretical insights, case studies, and practical exercises, providing a comprehensive understanding of business operations and system interactions.

This book is composed of eight chapters with chapter one describing the general introduction of Nanomaterials and their synthesis. Chapter two is composed of the analysis and characterization of nanoparticles while chapter three describes the application of nanotechnology (NT) to environmental remediation. Chapter four presents the application of NT to energy including the role of NT in developing renewable energies that will replace environmentally unfriendly fossil fuels. Chapter five describes the application of NT to medicine which includes, the fields of Nano-medicine application to diagnosis, treating and preventing diseases. Chapter six presents the application of NT to industry including development of every day products. Chapter seven describes the application of NT and Nano-science to main areas of food science and technology. The use of NT in food industry increases the safety measures in food manufacturing, processing, packing and distribution. Chapter eight presents the application of NT to agriculture to improve soil quality and have efficient nutrients to increase productivity.

Schools provide an important setting for promoting health, as they reach over one billion children worldwide and through them, the school staff, families and the community as a whole. School health programmes are field-based programmes that promote oral health, disease prevention and access to dental care for school children. School dental screening was capable of stimulating dental attendance. Dental health education is part of the curriculum in many school systems around the world. convincing the public and the community that oral health is an important part of their overall health, and it should be practiced right from the school going age to be effective and meaningful.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern with over 2 billion people currently infected, 8.6 million new cases per year, and more than 1.3 million deaths annually. Such information covers their traditional uses, chemistry, and established medicinal values as established by medicinal plant research. The book has identified these plants by their names, families, chemical constituents and biological values and thus makes them usable/valuable for all categories of students who are interested in the study of plants; herbal practitioners of all categories and pharmaceutical companies/outfits who must identify these plants properly and make use of them for medicines-plants have been identified for use in the management/treatment of certain health disorders. Plant species still serve as a rich source of many novel biologically active compounds, yet very few plant species have been thoroughly investigated for their medicinal properties and thus, there is renewed interest in phytomedicine research.

Transgender individuals in Wayanad, India, encounter various challenges including discrimination, limited healthcare access, and legal recognition issues. Despite historical marginalization, there's progress with increasing awareness. However, barriers to healthcare and legal rights persist, impacting mental health. Community support groups offer resilience, but intersectional identities compound challenges. Action is needed to combat discrimination, improve healthcare access, and strengthen support networks for better transgender well-being in Wayanad.

The book offers a comprehensive guide to the evolution, technologies, applications, issues, and future directions of e-government, which is transforming governance worldwide through the use of information and communication technologies. It covers topics such as policy frameworks, technological architectures, e-services delivery models, e-participation, cyber-security, and emerging trends like artificial intelligence and blockchain. The book highlights the potential of e-government to enhance efficiency and transparency in governance but also acknowledges challenges such as digital divides and privacy risks. It serves as a valuable reference for students, researchers, policymakers, and technology practitioners, facilitating a deeper understanding of contemporary e-government strategies and their impacts.

The proposed book is a groundbreaking initiative in the realms of governance and financial control, centering on the development of a robust dashboard for tracking recommendations emerging from legal audit missions. In the evolving business landscape of Morocco, where organizations face leadership challenges and heightened competition, this book emerges as a crucial guide. By addressing the often overlooked aspect of follow-up on audit recommendations, the envisioned dashboard becomes an indispensable tool for both audit professionals and financial managers. Offering insights into the impact of audits and the effectiveness of interventions, the book not only advocates for best practices in dashboard design but also serves as a bridge in evaluating the contribution of audits to enhancing the accounting systems of audited entities. With a dual focus on auditors' after-sales service and auditees' comprehensive evaluation of results, this book is poised to be a cornerstone resource for fostering corporate governance, accountability, and continuous improvement.

welcome to the world of Python for Machine Learning! This book is designed to be your comprehensive guide to using Python as a powerful tool for building and deploying machine learning models. Whether you are a beginner looking to explore the exciting field of machine learning or an experienced data scientist seeking to enhance your skills, this book is here to assist you on your journey.This book is structured to take you from the fundamentals of Python programming to advanced topics in machine learning, providing you with a solid foundation and the practical skills needed to tackle real-world machine learning challenges. Whether you want to classify images, predict stock prices, recommend movies, or perform any other machine learning task, you'll find the knowledge and techniques you need here.

The study looked the relationship between refugee rights awareness and their livelihood in Uganda using Kyaka II Refugee Camp in Kyegegwa district. The study was conducted with three specific objectives; that is; to find out whether awareness of the right to work has a bearing on the livelihood of refugees in Kyaka II Refugee Camp. To establish whether awareness of the rights to land affects the livelihoods of refugees in Kyaka II Refugee Camp. To establish whether awareness of the right to education affects the livelihoods of refugees in Kyaka II Refugee Camp. The study reviewed literature according to themes that were delivered from the objectives. The study adopted both descriptive and cross-sectional research on a sample size of 402 and using both questionnaires and interviews.Governments, with the support of donors and international actors, should establish better conjuncture between rights, law, and economic interests related to refugees¿ rights to work and access to labour markets, and also better align law and policy to give effect to the right to work there by improving the livelihood of refugees.

Concrete is a material which widely used in construction industries. The generation of plastic wastage is increasing day by day, causing serious problem to the environment. In this research, the solid plastic waste particles are used in the concrete by partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete. The main purpose of this study to investigate the properties of concrete such as compressive, tensile as well as flexural strength in the partial replacement. The results indicate that the use of solid plastic waste particles in the concrete result the formations of light weight concrete. The disposal problem can be overcome by recovery, recycling and reuse. In order to have deep knowledge about the solid plastic waste. Plastic durable and degrade very slowly. In this project partial replacement of fine aggregate by solid plastic waste of about 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% for mix design of M40.The strength properties for this concrete mix at 7 days and 28 days have been tested.

Accommodation units are part of the basic facilities of the tourist infrastructure, as they allow visitors to stay in the area visited. This work aims to locate all individual and collective accommodation units in the study region. The studied area is made up in the form of a Geographical Axis that includes the counties of Bistri¿a-N¿s¿ud-Mure¿-Suceava-Maramure¿ and Cluj because these counties belong to the most important areas for tourism in Romania. The concepts of accommodation units analysed are reviewed. The classification characteristics of the qualities offered by the accommodation units are also investigated. At the level of the main cities comprising the geographical axis, the five-star hotels in the location are analysed. SketchUp software and the Cohom.com program are used to create a model for the design of accommodation units. It is a central element in creating a complete guide to hotel architecture and design. Knowing how satisfied is far from enough: a comprehensive customer satisfaction analysis framework based on hybrid text mining techniques. Thus, a rating system based on tourist reviews is created. The modular evaluation system is called STAR Etiquette.

This research explores the optical characterization of biological tissues, distinguishing them as highly scattering (opaque) or weakly scattering (transparent). The focus is on Mueller matrix imaging (MMI), offering detailed polarization information. The goal is to extend traditional photometric methods by incorporating MMI coordinate distributions, providing exhaustive insight into the optical anisotropic component of biological tissues. Correlation and topological analyses aid in statistical and fractal diagnostics of biological crystal networks.Tasks included exploring the relationship between laser-induced phase shifts by birefringent crystals and statistical moments of MMI, differentiation of optical-anisotropic properties through correlation analysis, and identifying topological structures generating polarization singularities in scattered laser radiation.It is established relationships between phase shifts and statistical moments, introducing the degree of mutual correlation of MMI, and unveiling scenarios for topological structures' formation. Wavelet analysis of singular distributions further enables diagnosing local changes in optical and geometric structures.

V sowremennom obschestwe woprosy polowogo sozrewaniq u dewushek i podrostkow predstawlqüt soboj aktual'nuü temu, priwlekaüschuü wnimanie kak specialistow w oblasti mediciny i psihologii, tak i shirokoj obschestwennosti. Zaderzhka w fizicheskom i ämocional'nom razwitii mozhet okazywat' wliqnie na razlichnye aspekty zhizni molodyh lüdej, wyzywaq interes i trebuq glubokogo issledowaniq.Dannaq monografiq poswqschena analizu prichin, posledstwij i perspektiw zaderzhki polowogo sozrewaniq u dewushek i podrostkow. My stremimsq ne tol'ko raskryt' fiziologicheskie aspekty ätogo qwleniq, no i proanalizirowat' ego sociokul'turnye i psihologicheskie izmereniq. My nadeemsq, chto monografiq budet polezna kak dlq professionalow w sfere mediciny i psihologii, tak i dlq roditelej, pedagogow i wseh, kto interesuetsq woprosami zdorow'q i razwitiq molodogo pokoleniq.

This book brings together a unique insight into the multifaceted nature of cancer. From the fundamental biology of diverse cancer types to the intricate molecular landscapes that govern their behaviour, the chapters within this book serve as a comprehensive guide, illuminating the path toward a deeper understanding of this complex disease. The title, "Cancer Unveiled," reflects our commitment to peeling back the layers of uncertainty and ambiguity surrounding cancer. Through meticulous exploration and analysis, this book aims to provide readers with a clear and informed perspective on the latest developments in cancer research and treatment. The journey begins with an exploration of the underlying biology of various cancer types, offering readers a foundation upon which to comprehend the subsequent discussions on molecular pathways and targeted therapies. The chapters are organized to serve as a roadmap through the intricate terrain of cancer research.

Careful planning of the occlusal morphology, material selection, and post-insertion adjustments through occlusal adjustments and equilibration are necessary to achieve optimal occlusion. The success of FPDs in the long run is mostly reliant on patient communication regarding maintaining dental hygiene, abstaining from dysfunctional habits, and making regular maintenance appointments. The enhanced planning and execution of FPDs has culminated in an overall improvement in the quality of occlusion.

Welcome to "Python for Internet of Things (IoT)," a comprehensive guide designed to empower you with the knowledge and skills needed to harness the immense potential of IoT using the Python programming language. The Internet of Things represents a ground breaking technological revolution that is reshaping industries, improving our daily lives, and enabling a future where everything is interconnected.In this book, we'll demonstrate how Python's strengths can be leveraged to create IoT solutions that are not only efficient and scalable but also accessible to a broad audience. Whether you are interested in building smart home devices, industrial automation systems, environmental monitoring solutions, or any other IoT application, Python can be your trusty companion on this exciting journey.

The success of a clinician is not merely a measure of the impeccable restoration that he creates, but even more the impact on the lives of those who utilize what he creates. thus so-called "minimally invasive" bonded partial restorations now occupy an essential place in the modern therapeutic arsenal, either to overcome the limitations of direct restorations or, on the contrary, to offer the patient an alternative to coronal-peripheral restorations, which are considered to be more damaging to the dental organ. It will be a question of privileging the most conservative therapies possible while responding to an ever-increasing demand from patients and practitioners in terms of aesthetics but also in terms of durability and longevity. This book aims on describing various inlays and onlays in detail with their indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages.