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The 20th Century was witness to a rise in African American Drama as it introduced many prominent figures such as Amiri Baraka, Ed Bullins and August Wilson. However, its distinctness lies in the flourishing of a female canon led by Alice Childress and Lorainne Hansberry in mid 1900''s, which is continued today in the works of many contemporary dramatists such as Adrienne Kennedy and Ntozake Shange, who have taken on the task of giving voice to the two times suppressed black woman. Among these playwrights, Ntozake Shange has been the most strikingly original one since her search for identity is integrated into her writing in terms of both content and form. While she experiments on the smallest segments of her individual and collective self, her writing transcends over rules of language as well as genre. It does not suffice to say her writing reflects a search for identity as what she experiences is a quest for authenticity...

Exposure to indoor radon is known to be one of the main risks of ionizing radiation. It is estimated that tens of thousands of deaths globally occur per year due to the lung cancer. Many national authorities have therefore put in place large monitoring campaigns to delineate those areas that are at risk. Besides radon, naturally occurring radionuclide in soil and building materials is another source of radiation exposure to the general public. Therefore, assessment of gamma radiation dose from natural sources is also of particular importance. Consequently, millions of radon and natural radioactivity related measurements have been made worldwide and reported in the open literature. The current book deals with the experimental studies concerning measurement of indoor Radon in different seasons. The radiological hazards associated with indoor radon and natural radioactivity present in soil and building materials are also dealt with in greater details. A comprehensive review of the radon related studies carried out in Pakistan, measurement of radon exhalation rate from the samples of soil and building materials and its dependence on moisture content are also included in this book.

Many vegetable and grass seeds are small, light and irregular in shape; therefore, it is difficult to plant them precisely. There is very little control over the seed rate, seed spacing, seed depth, line sowing, etc.Seed pelleting is the process of enclosing the seed into some kind of inert material just large enough to produce a globular size. The most essential phases of precision planting are the singling of seeds for exact placement at a predetermined depth and spacing in the soil with a uniform coverage. The freshly harvested seeds of lucerne, soybean and chilli were pelleted.The gum Arabic, 20% solution in water was used as the binding material. A process of seed pelletization was standardized. Different coating materials and their proportions were tried.The selected seeds were palletized with the help of seed pelletizer. The pelletization efficiency 84-92, 100, and 95-98 % and the estimated cost of seed pelletization comes to be about Rs 34, 11.50 and 34 per kg of seed for lucerne soybean and chilli, respectively. The pellet bulk density and 1000 pellets mass increased with the increase in time of pelletization for all the seeds.

This book is a detailed examination of how music helped strengthen the psyche and sense of identity of a patient during her arduous and ultimately successful battle against non-Hodgkin''s lymphoma. This successful course of music therapy that consisted predominantly of improvised songs created together by therapist and patient warranted close study of the therapeutic process. It illuminates how the therapist considered both the psychological meaning of the patient''s words and the musical implications of her developing psychological process as he supported and stimulated her vocal expression from the piano.

The issue of climate change (CC) and air pollution (AP) is a matter of integration due to the interaction at their happening and impact creation. In this book the impact on each other is described and compared at urban setting.To mitigate and adapt the problem CC and AP Urban Planning and Policy(UPP) Tools are listed based on two dimensions:one is emission control and another one in effect adaptation dimension.Among the emission control planning and policy tools urban density,urban spatial form,urban design aspects,Floor area Ratio,Zoning,Transport oriented development,Travel Demand Management and livelihood improvement strategy are discussed as indirect emission control tools.On the other hand as direct emission control tools development mitigation fee and emission density zoning are discussed. The second dimension of the integrated problem is effect dimension.At city level only urban heat island (UHI) is an effect dimension of the climate change and air pollution.To adapt this problem different tools are discussed under three broad categories.Based on the analysis of all tools finally a common policy framework is developed and discussed for the application.

The Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) problem is one of the most challenging problems in robot navigation. The problem addresses autonomously exploring and mapping an unknown environment without prior knowledge (of features). The robot should generate the map of the environment and estimate its pose with respect to the map. An extension of this problem to the distributed multi-robot platform is a popular research topic for its challenges and commitments. Multiple cooperative robots exploring an area would decrease exploration time and increase the accuracy. This work introduces the application of two successful SLAM solution techniques to the multi-robot domain using visual sensors and non-unique landmarks. There are two contributions to the literature: Evolutionary Strategies (ES) is used to calibrate the parameters of the Extended Kalman Filter-SLAM (EKF-SLAM) method with supervised data, and a novel map merging method with uncertainty propagation is introduced for the Fast-SLAM algorithm. The developed algorithms are tested in both simulated and real robot experiments and the improvements and applicability of the developed methods are shown with the results.

The purpose of this study was to inquire into the professional and personal lives of four physical education specialist teachers and to uncover the reasons why they engage in their practice as they do. The study documents the experiences of each teacher and provides insights from both these participants and the researcher. Questions inquiring about the reasons why current physical education teachers engage in their practice as they do, and how factors, during their careers as physical educators, influence their teaching were asked and investigated. The research used case study as its method of data collection and analysis. To be precise, the current research employed a multi-case design. A combination of the descriptive and heuristic case study was used to share the findings. Semi-structured, individual interviews were completed with the four physical education teachers.The study has made six recommendations for action including various aspects that can be addressed in a quality PETE program. Four suggestions for further research are also proposed including additional studies to assess the degree of influence that experience has on the teaching practice of physical educators.

Despite accreditations and others quality systems, health care organizations are currently facing significant challenges to overcome the recurrence of medication and medical errors and other deaths and costs associated with. In order to improve the management systems, thus reducing these medication and medical errors, health care leaders started to look for other process management tools like ISO 9000 Quality management System. Subjective studies suggest that ISO 9000 can help organizations improve their management practices. Others argue the standard is too generic to generate performance improvement in service industry, such as health care. This book, therefore, analyzed the effectiveness of the ISO 9000 certification and tested whether earning ISO 9000 certification leads to improvement in quality management practices, in medication management practices, and in organizational management system in pharmacy hospital. The analysis should help make an important contribution to the existing literature on reducing the medication and medical errors in health care; and should help understand the factors that impede successful implementation of ISO 9000 QMS in the health.

The blood of each person seemed to carry in it the secrets of individuality. If each person''s blood were as individual as this, transfusion would indeed be complex and would deserve to rank as the most refined branch of medicine. However, this early view of the subtlety of transfusion was eclipsed at the beginning of the century by the discovery that the blood of all human beings could be divided into four groups. It seemed that, provided blood of the same group was transfused, one person''s blood was indistinguishable from another''s. Indeed, it came to be believed that people who belonged to the common group O could give their blood to anyone whatsoever. As a result of this experience, a generation of medical men has grown up believing that blood transfusion is one of the simplest forms of therapy.This book is thus composed mainly of an account of blood groups from a clinical point of view and of descriptions of the effects of transfusion on the circulation and of the survival of transfused red cells, and addressed to all those who possess an elementary knowledge of blood transfusion and are interested in acquiring a fuller understanding of its effects.