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Design phase is characterized by highly coupled and interdependent activities, which result rework or iteration in the phase. In dealing with this problem, information flows have to be well organized therefore it can lead to the most optimum completion time. The Design Structure Matrix (DSM) is a compact matrix representation that models information flows among activities in the design phase. Previous DSM concepts used basic logic of faster and fewer iteration, while assuming the number of iteration occurred to achieve optimum completion time. This research proposed a new methodology that combined faster and fewer iteration concepts by adding other information, i.e. Quality Equations. Quality Equations will be performed in order to reduce the lack of assumption in determining the number of occurred iteration. Resource constraint and rare resource problems are also included in the research to bring the problem closer to reality. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is the methodology that will be used to help coordinate and optimize the activities structure in terms of minimizing completion time.

This book makes an important and timely contribution to our understanding of the forces driving oil price cycles since 1973. After a critical review of an extensive range of hypotheses from the existing literature, the author puts forward an alternative Marxian Disequilibrium hypothesis that the roles of price-makers and price-takers in the global oil market shifts systematically over the cycle. This theoretical investigation is followed by a detailed empirical analysis which identifies cyclical patterns in world and regional oil demand, as well as recurrent patterns in oil supply by OPEC and non- OPEC producers. Key elements of this analysis are the view that demand pressures, not supply limitation, trigger sharp rises in oil prices, and that low-cost producers passively follow the market during periods of price increase but aggressively increase production in periods of falling prices in order to maintain revenue targets. Concluding this remarkable investigation the author discusses the political implications of the Marxian Disequilibrium hypothesis of the global oil market for the recently elected center-left governments in Latin America.

The Principles of petroleum economics is an exciting, fascinating subject that deals with energy which is very significant of live. And it is one of the most influential player in the world economy, so having a comprehensive understanding of this vital area is key for anyone working within the oil and gas or energy industries. Furthermore, the oil used in all industrials vehicles, power plant system, and even in military applications. This book is written for use as a textbook by undergraduate student course on Principles of petroleum economics to student of International Economic Relations department in Collage of political science, in Al- Nahrain University in Baghdad ¿Iraq. This book is organized in five topic areas: 1. Chapter 1: The historical of Oil Background. 2. Chapter 2 : The Oil Economic Concepts. 3. Chapter 3 : The kind of the Oil Investment. 4. Chapter 4: The Means of Transportation of oil. 5. Chapter 5: The pricing of oil . I am very thankful to my students and Colleagues who encourage me in writing this book, especially Dr. Ahmad Alhamdani and the Instr. Aula Abdul Ghaffour Mohammad who reviewed the content of this book and gave a valuable advices.