Bøker utgitt av LAP Lambert Academic Publishing

The flood caused by dam failures always lead to a great great amount of property damage and even loss of human and wild life. While multi-objective dam can provide a lot of benefit, its failure or improper operation may lead to unexpected loss.Hence the main aim of the paper is to develop mathematical models for simulating dam break hydraulics using the HEC-RAS software to simulate the dam break flood in complex real river floodplain. The simulated model has been used to predict and analyze the flood due to the failure of dam.

A survey was conducted on Saudi residents of Al-BahaProvince. It was conducted to understand how Saudiresidents of Al-Baha region perceive environmentalchemical pollution health risks. The survey demonstrated higher perceptions of riskamong females as compared to males and are morelikely to rank items as a high risk than males do.The older age group is more likely to considersomething as being a high health risk, andrespondents with higher education were more likely torate more health risks as "high risk" than otherrespondents were. The media (TV and radio)represented the primary source of information onhealth risks. The confidence shown by respondents inthe information on health issues or health risks thatthey received from the above sources did notcorrespond much with the amount of information received.Responsibility for protecting the public from healthrisks was found to rest mainly on municipality healthdepartments and state levels of government. Thesurvey showed that there is no substantialsatisfaction with the way health risks are being managed.The attitudes of respondents to statements aboutchemicals were negative, reflecting the wordassociations.

A poorly designed and unusable system can lead to immense frustration to users, reduced productivity, undesirable profit lose and deterioration of one¿s quality of life. To determine a successful interactive system, usability should be integrated in the design process to ensure greater shifts in efficiency and help to reduce work task errors. Incorporating usability in the development process can help to bridge the communication and procurement process for suppliers and customer organisations. Two usability evaluation methods, usability testing and heuristic evaluation were employed to evaluate on an online shopping website, namely Prezzybox.com. The main difference of these two usability evaluation methods is: usability testing involves real users in the test; whilst heuristic evaluation is a ¿quick and cheap¿ technique to evaluate user interface with reference to a rule of thumbs by experts. Cost-benefit analysis was also carried out to justify which usability evaluation method was more cost-effective. The effectiveness of Common Industry Format (now as ISO/IEC 25062:2006) industry-reporting format for both usability evaluation methods is also discussed.

A lot of research is being impended in the area of current-mode design techniques since last few decades. The evolution of modern applications of analog signal processing has led to this trend of current mode, where signals representing the information are in the form of electric currents. Current-mode design offers inherent flexibility when designing low power circuits operating at extremely low power supplies. This book explores an interesting concept of the designing of current-mode wave filter. An extensive literature survey of the current mode building blocks has been included with particular attention to Current conveyors. Specific wave equivalent of an inductor in a series branch has been realized using current conveyor blocks. The wave active equivalent of passive elements has also been realized. An implementation of a third-order filter transfer function using Current conveyor based wave equivalents has been carried out. The simulations have been performed using 0.18 micron TSMC CMOS technology parameters.

Climate change is a global phenomenon, which is causing due to emissions of greenhouse gases, mainly from fossil fuels combustion and deforestations. It may cause far-reaching harmful impacts: changes in rainfall patterns might have serious impacts on food production; floods and droughts could become more frequent and may accelerate out-migration; many human and ecosystem services could have serious impacts due to changes in temperature and rainfalls patterns. This research has attempted to evaluate and quantify the greenhouse gases emitted from different points of the wastewater treatment system under various temperatures and oxygen amounts.

This book presents the most recent research advances in the theory, design, and application of robotics and mechanisms. The topics cover Lie group theory based, screw theory based, and set theory based methods in type synthesis, kinematic and static analysis, and design of robotic mechanisms, especially parallel mechanisms. Innovative designs of parallel mechanism are obtained for pick and place applications, nano-manipulation, and surgical robots. The results should interest researchers, teachers, and students, in fields of engineering and mathematics related to robot theory, design, and application.

The book is about the history of the Itu Oromo from 1879 to 1974. Although the main focus is on the Itu Oromo, the book includes other Eastern Oromo, like Afran, Qallo and Aniya. The Itu Oromo maintained their own political , social and economic system before the occupation of their land by the Shawans in the 1880s. The occupation was bloody and took long years and made them part of the Ethiopian empire. In addition, the conquest brought unprecedented consequences to the socio-political system of the Itu , including alien settlements, Islamization and disintegration of the gada system. The Bultum Gada and the Raba Dori systems were replaced the socio-economic system of the occupying force. In protest to the occupying force, the Itu were converted in to Islam en mass. Islam and the shawans' occupation were the major factors that shaped the history of the Eastern Oromo in the 20th century. The book may serve as an important source to those who are interested in the history of the horn of Africa in general and the Oromo in Ethiopia in particular.

Quantum Computation is an interdisciplinary field formed by the merge of quantum effect, information theory and algorithms. The future of computing lies with the quantum computers which may be a hypothetical paradigm but surely will be a reality very soon.This book describes about some quantum algorithms and programs which will prove as the foundation of quantum computers in the years to come.In quantum computers we exploit quantum effects to compute in ways that are faster or moreefficient than, or even impossible, on conventional computers. Quantum computers use aspecific physical implementation to gain a computational advantage over conventionalcomputers. Properties called superposition and entanglement may, in some cases, allow anexponential amount of parallelism. Also, special purpose machines like quantumcryptographic devices use entanglement and other peculiarities like quantum uncertainty.Quantum computing combines quantum mechanics, information theory, and aspects ofcomputer science. The field is a relatively new one that promises secure data transfer,dramatic computing speed increases, and may take component miniaturization to itsfundamental limit.

Having spent many wonderful years researching the ancient Egyptian New Kingdom, it has always been apparent to me that the rule of Hatshepsut is heavily under-represented in English literature. Most works on the reign of Hatshepsut exist only in French, limiting their access and potential audience. Therefore, the primary impetus for this work was to produce an up-to-date volume in Englishon this most enigmatic woman. A second consideration lay in synthesizing various methodological approaches in order to re-appraise Hatshepsut's reign. This is particularly evident in the examinations of monumental architecture. Moreover, several sub-disciplines such as statuary & portraiture, epigraphy and artefactual studies are collectively considered in this research. Finally, en vogue topics such as the 'accession' of Hatshepsut, the Office of the God's Wife of Amun, and her relationship to Senenmut and Neferure are critically assessed. This work should help to shed light on the events and relationships of her reign, being useful to anyone with an academic interest in the time of Hatshepsut.

This book presents a thorough theoretical research of a spray drying process, performed by the author in the framework of his Ph.D. study at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, under the supervision of Prof. A. Levy and Prof. I. Borde. The topics covered are:¿ Mathematical and numerical modelling of single droplet drying kinetics for droplets with insoluble and dissolved solids; ¿ Analysis of particles breakage during drying processes; ¿ Two and three dimensional modelling of drying process in a pilot-plant spray dryer using Computational Fluid Dynamics; ¿ Steady and unsteady-state numerical analysis of spray drying process; ¿ Comparison between numerical simulations using different turbulence models; ¿ Droplet-droplet interactions in spray drying model;¿ Novel probabilistic approach for modelling of particle-particle collisions in spray drying processes.As a comprehensive information source about modelling the spray drying processes, this text will be useful to a broad range of graduate and postgraduate engineering students, process engineers, industrial and academic researchers.

Liberalization of EXIM policy in India has paved the way for increased export of floricultural products where contribution of dried flowers is enormous. Being natural, eco-friendly, long lasting and inexpensive decorative items, Dry Flowers have good demand both in Indian and international markets. The industry exports 500 varieties of flowers to 20 countries and are much sought after in USA and UK. India stands as one of the major manufacturers and exporters with around 5% of world trade in dry flowers. The process of drying flowers involves drying, bleaching and colouring after their collection in raw form. The suitable packaging techniques add values to catch niche market. The main methods used for drying are: Air Drying, Glycerine, Desiccants, and Pressing. In India, West Bengal is the major player in Dry Flower trade. The book deals with a case study that reveals entire scenario of Dry Flower trade in West Bengal, India. The book will be useful for prospective entrepreneurs in Dry Flower.

The experiments and research performed on Autonomous Vehicles and Navigation Systems have gained increasing interest over the last few years. Various intelligence algorithms are being tested to generate the optimum paths for the Autonomous Navigation Systems and to provide the necessary intelligence to those systems depending upon the application. Research and experiments on these Autonomous Navigation Schemes and Algorithms need an efficient test-bed for objective performance analysis. These algorithms often require sensor inputs from the systems such as the speed and steering sensors to apply feedback control action. An efficient test-bed provides status of all sensors and records of all previous sensor values is very desirable.This work involves developing for such a test-bed to support research on Autonomous Navigation schemes and Algorithms involved in these applications.

Why a person like Sylvia Plath, who had so much going for her, should have committed suicide is an intriguing question that might never be solved. The human mind is still a largely unexplored frontier. She was known to suffer from bi-polar problems and from the debilitating circumstances of an unsuccessful marriage. Sabina Shah has looked at some of her poems to trace the course of her mentation at different times in her short life. The age of psychoanalysis might be over, but that does not mean that all of its insights should be abandoned. Ms Shah suggests possibilities in the development of a suicidal mind-path leading to the moment of decision when Plath finally gassed herself. This work would best be read by people with some background in the works of Freud and Jung. However, it is not a treatise on psychoanalysis. It is an attempt to apply some of the tools developed by the great psychoanalysts to a great poet's writings in the hope of understanding things better. Ms Shah is acutely aware that a lot has been left unsaid, so she has confined her vision to just one small area of Sylvia Plath's poetic output.

This project introduces a complete process to develop an intelligent robot which achieves a nimble movement in an unknown environment, measures the environment parameters such as temperature, relative humidity and topography, and communicates with the remote terminal. The data processing and major control is achieved by a saving cost and low power 8-bit microcontroller AT89C52 from Atmel. Sensors designed by 2-wire bus and a 1-wire bus technology are applied for the robot. Simulation method is achieved using PROTUES (LABCENTER ELECTRONIC Ltd) as a virtual in circuit emulator with KEIL (ARM Ltd) as a debugger.

This book aims at the detection and identification of airframe icing based on statistical properties of aircraft dynamics and reconfigurable control protecting aircraft from hazardous icing conditions. Icing model of aircraft is represented by five parameters for iced wing airfoils. Icing is detected by a Kalman filtering innovation approach. A neural network structure is embodied such that its inputs are the aircraft estimated measurements, and its outputs are the icing parameters. The necessary training and validation set for the neural network model of the iced aircraft are obtained from the simulations, which are performed for various icing conditions. In order to decrease noise effects on the states and to increase training performance of the neural network, the estimated states by the Kalman filter are used. A suitable neural network model of the iced aircraft is obtained by using system identification methods and learning algorithms. This trained network model is used as an application for the control of the aircraft that has lost its controllability due to icing. The method is applied to F16 military and A340 commercial aircraft models.

A frame work has been setup for the simulation of hypersonic reentry vehicles using commercial codes FLUENT and LS-DYNA. The main goal of this work was to set up a simple approach for the heat flux prediction and evaluation of the material thermal response during the reentry of the vehicle. Fluid thermal coupling for predicting the thermal response of a reusable non-ablating thermal protection system was set up. The computational fluid dynamics code (FLUENT) and the material thermal response codes (LS- DYNA) are loosely coupled to achieve the solution. The vehicle considered in the calculation is an axisymmetric vehicle flying at zero degree angle of attack. The frame work set up was validated with the results available in the literature. Good correlation was observed between the results from the commercial codes and the results from the literature. The mesh movement capability in LS-DYNA was implemented enabling future modeling of ablating thermal protection system.

For more than 50 years, the mainstream electronics industry has been dominated by thin film transistors, based on inorganic semiconductors. The fabrication of these devices requires high temperature and complex vacuum deposition techniques, which results in high production costs and not suitable for large-area electronics. Organic semiconducting materials offer an attractive alternative because their fabrication processes are much less complex and inexpensive compared to conventional inorganic technology. This Book describes the fabrication and characterization of organic semiconductor based devices such as humidity, temperature, and light sensors, photoelectrochemical cells, electrochemical cells, solid-liquid and surface-type rectifying junctions. Simple and inexpensive novel techniques has been used for the fabrication. Low cost production of these devices is possible by using vacuum evaporation, spin coating, and drop casting technology.This book aims at the fabrication and investigation of different type of novel organic semiconductor devices for electric, electronic and optoelectronic applications.

Iodine induced stress corrosion cracking (I-SCC) in nuclear fuel rod sheathing is problematic for all nuclear reactors. The new Advanced CANDU Reactor (ACR) is discussed as a reactor design requiring related mitigation measures owing to a higher burn up and its unique refuelling scheme. A consequential release of iodine by the fuel pellets leads to stress corrosion induced failures and in extreme conditions can result in the release of radioactive contaminates into the atmosphere. This phenomenon is best exemplified by the disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant in Japan, March 2011, where melted fuel rods burnt holes in the containment vessels causing the release of radioactive iodine over land and the Pacific Ocean. This book develops a mechanistic kinetic model of the chemistry and thermodynamics in the fuel-to-sheath gap. The study also proposes remedies for I-SCC and suggests possible experimentation. The research in this book has been referenced in journal articles and conference proceedings. This book will be particularly useful as a reference source for professionals in the nuclear industry and others studying thermodynamics and kinetics.

The main interest of the manuscript is about thethorny issue of the protection of cultural propertyin case of armed conflict which is, without doubt,the greatest risk factor for the integrity andpreservation of cultural property, either immovable(which may be exposed to destruction or, at best, todamage) or mobile (which can also be the subject oflooting, or at least, to steal abroad). The issue isextremely important, especially after the eventsoccurred during the wars in the Balkans, Afghanistanand Iraq which have enlightened on the many flawswithin the diplomatic instruments aimed at protectingthe cultural property from threats of armedconflicts. So, after having traced the evolution ofrelevant International Law, I analyse the Iraqiexemplum as paradigmatic of the infringementscommitted against it but also of post-conflictstrategies developed by major western military powerson behalf of protection of Iraqi cultural heritage.Therefore the study of these issues can become thestarting point for a critical review of relevantlegislation and for further development of postconflict efforts aimed at protecting cultural property.

Indian railways have one of the largest networks in world and still have number of unmanned level crossings. Conversion of unmanned level crossing into manned is a big issue and also is a cost effective alternate. Reliability of such system is also low as there is nothing to supervise the activities of crossings. This leads to accidents at unmanned level crossings.Some new techniques are now required to cope up the situation and safe crossings. New techniques are required to measure the arrival of train well in advance so that warning and barrier actuation system can work better by enhancing the time gap between measurement and actuation of signal. This work is an effort towards developing this new concept by focusing on the measurement of rolling noise.

The total value generated by a forest consists ofwood and non-wood goods and services. Goods andservices of the forest resource can be classifiedinto three broad categories, namely direct usebenefits, indirect use benefits and intermediate useservices. Direct use benefits include timber for constructionand furniture, wood for crafts and household tools,fire wood, construction poles, wild fruits, wildvegetables, wild herbs, honey, bush meat, insects forfood, bird eggs, medicinal products, thatch, grasshand-brushes, twig hand-brushes, weaving reeds,sand/clay, plant dyes, plant resins, seeds forrattles and decoration and other benefits. Indirect use benefits include pollination services,livestock grazing, recreation/aesthetic services(eco-tourism), religious functions and other benefits. Intermediate use services comprise carbonsequestration, water shed protection, protectionagainst soil erosion, habitat for wild fauna andflora (breeding and nursery functions), biodiversityreserve, oxygen production, acid rain deposition,roles in the water cycle, runoff reduction(cultivated) and other services

The production of free flowing powder by spray drying of sugar-acid rich foods requires an appropriate carrier. High molecular weight materials such as maltodextrins are commercially used as a drying aid because of their higher glass transition temperature (Tg). Alternatively, fibre-rich by-products from fruit and vegetable juice processing might provide high molecular weight elements that are suitable as a drying support. Freeze dried carrot fibre was centrifugal-milled to 50-100 µm sizes. Fructose and apple juice concentrate were used in this study. The fibre semed to show as crystal induction in the spray drying products of the two materials. Dried sucrose, glucose and fructose were used to study glass transition temperature of melted amorphous sugars and mixtures by the visual experiment and DSC at 0.1°Cmin-1 of heating and cooling scans. The Gordon-Taylor equation and the Coachman and Karaze equation were used to predict Tg of sugar mixtures. Dielectric analysis in the range 200 Hz -1 MHz between 10-105 ° C were applied to find the onset Tg (based on DSC results) from freeze dried mixtures of carrot fibre+fructose.

Sport psychology is a branch of psychology. It is the study of the psychological factors that affect participation and performance in sports. It is also a specialization within the brain psychology and kinesiology that seeks to understand psychological/mental factors that affect performance in sports, physical activity, and exercise and apply these to enhance individual and team performance. It deals with increasing performance by managing emotions and minimizing the psychological effects of injury and poor performance. Some of the most important skills taught are goal setting, relaxation, visualization, self-talk, awareness and control, concentration, confidence, using rituals, attribution training, and periodization.

Simplified Psychology for Beginners: Equip Yourself with Some Common Terms in Psychology: is an introductory course for beginners. It introduces key terms in psychology such as introvert, extrovert, self-esteem, defense mechanism, stress-management, causes of depression, Schizophrenia, Neurosis, psychosis, perception, Psychoanalysis among others. It also helps us to think about the human nature. That is, why do people behave the way they do? What are the factors that influence human action? Coupled with this, the book introduces the various schools of psychology, psychology of religion, key figures in psychology, child & adolescent psychology & psychological stages of faith development. It is a must read for lay people who may want to know what psychology is all about. It is critical for all beginners in psychology studies, as it plays the role of an eye opener!