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Refrigeration and its application is met in almost ever y branch of industr y, so that practitioners in other fields find that they have to become aware of its principles, uses and limitations. This book aims to introduce students and professionals in other disciplines to the fundamentals of the subject, without involving the reader too deeply in theor y. The subject matter is laid out in logical order and covers the main uses and types of equipment. In the ten years since the last edition there have been major changes in the choice of refrigerants due to environmental factors and an additional chapter is introduced to reflect this. This issue is on-going and new developments will appear over the next ten years. This issue has also affected ser vicing and maintenance of refrigeration equipment and there is an increased pressure to improve efficiency in the reduction of energy use. This edition reflects these issues, whilst maintaining links with the past for users of existing plant and systems. There have also been changes in packaged air-conditioning equipment and this has been introduced to the relevant sections. The book gives worked examples of many practica

About Book: This book contains the research based effects of Prandharana and Tratak on coordinative abilities and physiological variables of physical education students. Book is based on a research study conducted on ninety male physical education students. Co-ordinative abilities and Physiological Variables were selected as Dependent Variables and Prandharana and Tratak were considered as Independent Variables. Pre test ¿ post test randomized group design, which consists of one control group (n=30) and two experimental groups (n=30 in each) was used. Equal numbers of subjects were assigned randomly to the groups. Data were analyzed by using ANCOVA. Significant difference was found among the adjusted post test means of experimental groups and control group in Orientation Ability, Differentiation Ability, Reaction Ability, Balance Ability Vital Capacity, Positive Breath Holding Capacity, & Negative Breath Holding Capacity. Insignificant difference was found among the adjusted post test means of experimental groups and control group in Rhythm Ability, Resting Heart Rate, Systolic Blood Pressure & Diastolic Blood Pressure.

Banded Iron Formations (BIF) is one of the unique and important rock types in the Archaean greenstone belts and Proterozoic metasedimentary series. They occupy a unique position in the sedimentation history of this time range, as they have no modern analogues. This virtual confinement of BIF in space and in time has made them extremely useful for the understanding of the Precambrian exogenic processes and the atmospheric ¿ environmental changes that occurred during the early history of the earth. The BIF are described with different names in different parts of the world such as, Taconite ¿ U.S.A.; Jaspilite ¿ Australia; Itabirite ¿ Brazil. BIF are of economic interest as they host the world¿s largest iron ore deposits. There are several major aspects related to the origin and evolution of BIF for which no satisfactory and generally agreed explanation are available. Various genetic models have been proposed which, however, differ considerably from each other. The divergent conclusions of these workers bring to the fore, the problem of deciphering the origin of BIF in Nigeria and how they relate to other major BIF occurrences of the world. The workers differ in their conclusions rega

This book is aimed at readers who are interested in environmental research and qualitative phenomenographic methodology. Phenomenography is a research strategy mainly used in exploring qualitative different ways of conceptualising learning. This book is based on a pilot study examining the appropriateness of phenomenography as a research strategy to investigate university students¿ conceptions of the environment. It reviews methodological literature on phenomenography and critiques environmental studies in order to argue for phenomenographic approach to examine complex phenomenon of environmental conceptions. The book also serves as a methodological case study which provides guidance on how to carry out phenomenographic research.

The work is an Eco-critical study of world renowned Epic The Ramayana.Since eco-criticism is the study of literature in relationship to nature,the work presents the elements of the environment supported in the Ramayana of The Tulsidasa.Through the various episodes of the epic the book reflects how nature is considered supreme.It further tells the relevance of eco-critical ethics, as told by the epic, in the modern world.In short the work is a noble work of nature and literature declaring The Ramayana of Tulsidasa a document of eco-criticism.

Several techniques have been developed to increase the rate of tooth movement, including chemical methods, electric and magnetic stimulation,surgical techniques etc.Unfortunately each of these methods have certain disadvantages. This book demonstrates a new, minimally invasive ,simple, surgical technique that increases the rate of tooth movement without the disadvantages or complications seen in earlier procedures.This technique is named Accel-Orthodontics .Treatment time for patients treated with this technique was reduced to less than half the time taken for regular orthodontic treatment.As this procedure can be performed chairside it will prove to be a useful tool for a practicing orthodontist.

Bangladesh the 7th populous country continuously looses agricultural lands. So intensive use of land for increasing crop production is a better option but it is very difficult due to natural hazards and other barriers. In this aspect mushroom cultivation may be a better opportunity increasing crop production per unit area by vertical use of land and also meeting the protein demand. So, investigation on low cost mushroom production with high yield and quality using available agro wastes is an urgent demand. Therefore, this book will discuss with oyster mushroom production in low cost, keeping the nutritional value same. A low cost approach, supplementation of sawdust with different supplement, found to be significant in increasing yield, biological efficiency (BE) and benefit cost ratio (BCR). NPK mixed fertilizer (N=0.6%, P=0.3%, K=0.3%) supplemented at 11.5% with sawdust is found promising lowering the production cost, increasing yield and nutritional content of fruiting body. Cow dung (11.5%) and wheat flour (5.5%) as supplement with substrate may be the fair choice. This book will help Farmers, Researchers, Extension workers or any other person interested in this area.

Agronomy concerns devising means of increasing crop production in order to reduce the gap between supply and demand for food and feeds by the human and livestock population. This book covers general principles involved in cultivation of annual crops that provide the bulk of food. Topics include climate, edaphic and socio-econonomic factors that influence where annual crops are grown; seedbed preparation including tillage operations, conventional and consevation tillage systems; propagation of annual crops including characteristics of good seed stocks, seed deterioration, multiplication and storage, seed rate, germination and seed supply systems; planting operations, plant arrangement, narrow rows and response to plant population and time of planting; weed control in annual crops including noxious weeds, herbicide use, integrated pest management in annual crops production; organic and inorganic fertiliser use in annual crops cultivation, types of fertilisers and other methods of replenishing soil fertility; indicators of crop maturity and harvesting. The book is suitable for teaching agronomy in universities and colleges and to all agriculturalists

The contrast between the theory and practice of Islamic banking is generally acknowledged by many scholars. After more than three decades in operation, the rapid growth of the Islamic banking industry is, in reality being driven by the application of the debt-like contracts (e.g. murabahah and ijarah) rather than the profit and loss sharing contracts (e.g. mudarabah and musharakah). As the adaptation of the former contracts creates "unauthentic" Islamic financial products, many have questioned their compliance with shariah principles. The present study analyses this issue by examining the application of mudarabah rules in Malaysian Islamic banking practices. It evaluates the extent to which the current practices fulfil the principles and the ethical framework of the mudarabah contract as propounded by the classical jurists. The study also analyses the justifications of Malaysian shariah scholars for modification of the doctrine, adapting it to the modern banking business.