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Animal Breeding is considered by some students to be one of the difficult aspects of animal science. During the preparation of this book the author always remain conscious about the difficulties of students. The need for such a text book arose as there were a few books available in market and they were either too exhaustive or costly. We have attempted to cover the basics, without exhaustive details or repetitive examples. This book is not intended to be a beginner¿s guide to animal breeding nor a substitute for reviews and the established text books. It is meant to complement them and assist the reader to extract key information. We hope the reader finds this book both enjoyable and useful. I believe that it should be a useful book for honors and graduate students in Animal Breeding, Animal Husbandry, Veterinary Science, Agriculture, Fisheries, Forestry, Biotechnology and many others in the field of biology.

Cacao crop grows well on the countries between 20o north and 20o south latitude on the earth. Nowadays, Indonesia becomes the third largest producer of cacao in the world after Ivory Coast and Ghana. Actually, the global market of cocoa products encounters critical issues regarding to products standardization and seedling sustainability. The global chocolate companies tend to start using certified cocoa for variety of chocolate products by 2020. It enforces the origin countries to anticipate implementing the defined standard to increase the products competitiveness. In parallel, it was revealed, the somatic embryogenesis is considered as more superior to generative based seedling, grafting and slip of plants. The yield of somatic embryogenesis seed tends to increase along with the plants ages. So, the somatic embryogenesis based cacao is not only true to type, but also more superior compared to conventional seeds globally in this time. This book should be especially intended to professionals, students, academician, policy makers who consider cacao bean and cocoa products in their works.

The development of drugs is costly for pharmaceutical companies, and without intellectual property law protection, the formula for the drugs can be easily duplicated and the drugs can be synthesized at a cheaper cost. Thus, intellectual properties laws often allow companies to monopolize the synthesis and sales of drugs. Unfortunately, this exclusive right to manufacture and sell drugs provides the necessary monetary incentive for drug discovery. The patent law is based upon the Patent Act of 1952, codified in Title 35 of the United States Code. This statute allows inventors to obtain patents on processes, machines, manufactures, and compositions of matter that are useful, new, and nonobvious. Granted patents confer the right to exclude others from making, using, selling, offering to sell, or importing into the United States the patented invention. This book covers issues through the year 2002, Modifications of the Hatch-Waxman Act were implemented in P.L. 108-173, the Medicare Prescription Drug and Modernization Act of 2003.

This book provides a biographical sketch of Karol Szymanowski (1882-1937) and explores the relationship between his two piano triptychs - Métopes, op. 29, and Masques, op. 34 - and the literary characters evoked by each of their movements: the Sirens, Calypso and Nausicaa (from Homer¿s "Odyssey"), Sheherazade (from "The Arabian Nights"), Tristan (from Ernst Hardt¿s play "Tantris der Narr"), and Don Juan (not associated to a specific source), discussing the multiple strategies used by the composer to convey his subject matter.